Website of the President of Russia: Videos: Trips

Answers to media questions

2025-11-29T00:52:26+04:00

Following the state visit to Kyrgyzstan and the CSTO summit, Vladimir Putin answered questions from Russian journalists.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Good afternoon. I am at your disposal.

First, I would like to express our gratitude to the leadership of Kyrgyzstan for organising this event and for the past year when Kyrgyzstan chaired the CSTO and hosted various events, which has certainly helped strengthen the organisation.

I believe that in the current turbulent situation it is a major factor of stability in our common space. This is important for Russia and very important for many CSTO countries.

We have coordinated everything without much difficulty, that is, all proposals advanced by the Secretariat. Everything we planned to sign has been signed. There were hardly any differences in any of the spheres we discussed. Everyone knows that it is necessary to work more closely together in the current situation. We do not threaten anyone, but we must be ready to respond to any actions that could be aggressive towards our countries.

There are many other spheres we are working in, and we will probably talk about this now. We have done good practical work in all of these vital spheres.

Overall, we can say, first, that we have achieved the desired result. And second, I see good prospects for the further development of our cooperation within the Collective Security Treaty Organisation.

As you know, Russia has taken over the CSTO chairmanship and will head the organisation for a year. I set out the priorities of our chairmanship during the expanded format meeting. I believe you are aware of this, so there is hardly any need to repeat it all. On the whole, we are very pleased with the results of our joint work.

Thank you. If you have any questions, which I am sure you do, I will do my best to answer them.

Pavel Minakov: Good afternoon, Interfax news agency.

The question concerns our priorities. So we are the chair of the Organisation, our slogan is “Collective Security in a Multipolar World.” Why was this chosen as the guiding principle for our chairmanship? Could you elaborate further on our specific priorities when we hold this position?

The second question also pertains to collective security. Prime Minister [of Armenia Nikol] Pashinyan has once again declined to attend the summit, while at the same time Armenia is conducting joint military exercises with the United States. The question is whether this poses a threat to our unity within the framework of the CSTO’s collective security. Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: Let me reiterate: I outlined the priorities during the expanded-format meeting. This was done openly – you were likely present there, or at least, many of you have heard it.

There are numerous priorities: enhancing our cooperation, comparing the capabilities of our respective defence industries. As is known, since the time of the Soviet Union, this cooperation has been very extensive. We provide CSTO member states with preferential terms for the procurement of our arms and equipment. All of this is functioning and operating quite effectively.

It is perfectly clear that amid the special military operation, our capabilities for some components are currently not that great. That is to say, they are substantial, but we must meet our own needs. In specific sectors, we are achieving this in full, entirely.

I do not believe that our production capacities are excessive, but we not only meet our own needs but also continue to export our equipment, incidentally. This primarily concerns aviation technology – both aircraft and helicopters. Now we have achieved significant advancements – a revolutionary step for us, one might say – in the field of unmanned technology and unmanned aerial vehicles, drones. We are prepared to share all of this with our partners.

Another area of cooperation is enhancing the operational efficiency of CSTO management bodies. This is somewhat bureaucratic, yet it remains important, given that every country is interested in minimising expenditure and improving coordination.

We will continue, as before, to conduct corresponding joint exercises across all domains. This concerns not only cooperation between armed forces but also the work of security services.

Unfortunately, the threats posed by drugs and organised crime persist. All of this will remain within our focus. We intend to build on the work undertaken by our colleagues from Kyrgyzstan, as I have mentioned. There will be full and complete continuity. I am confident this will be to the benefit of every CSTO member state.

Concerning Armenia’s position, it, too, is well-known. It is as follows, as our Armenian colleagues inform us: “We support all decisions adopted by the CSTO, we consider ourselves members of the CSTO, but at this stage, we are abstaining from participation in the Organisation’s meetings.” That is their choice. If they deem this course of action possible for the time being, then so be it; we agree.

Since they remain members of the Organisation, we – Russia – maintain contact with them. As the country assuming chairmanship of the CSTO, we will, of course, maintain constant engagement with them in their capacity as members. Naturally, the decisions we prepare regarding each priority will be discussed and coordinated with them as well.

Leonid Kitrar: Mr President, Leonid Kitrar, Izvestia Multimedia Information Centre. I have a question about bilateral relations with Kyrgyzstan.

We are pursuing quite a few projects, among them in the energy sector. This year, Rosatom stated it was prepared to build a small nuclear power plant here. Was this discussed? Are there any concrete figures? What are the most promising areas in bilateral relations?

I have another quick question. Not long ago, there were issues with moving cargo between Kazakhstan and Russia. Are there similar issues here?

Vladimir Putin: I will start with bilateral cooperation.

I am grateful to the President of Kyrgyzstan for the invitation to come to Kyrgyzstan on a visit of high diplomatic status and for the hospitality accorded to our entire delegation.

Here is what we said during a press event following the visit. Indeed, our relations are following a very positive track, and our investors are working increasingly actively on the Kyrgyz market. Why has this become possible? I mentioned it briefly earlier, but it is crucial: this is happening in part because the current leadership of Kyrgyzstan has managed to ensure a stable domestic political situation, which is always extremely important for potential investors, because everyone hopes that the commitments undertaken by the recipient country will guarantee the implementation of all agreements. This is one of the most crucial matters. Kyrgyzstan’s leadership has succeeded in doing this. We wish them every success in strengthening domestic political stability and, as an EAEU and CSTO member, we will support and assist them in doing so.

Our relations cover many areas in addition to investment to include the mining sector and energy. As a reminder, Kyrgyzstan receives our resources at the lowest prices and exports are exempt from corresponding customs duties. Naturally, this makes our products highly competitive, to put it mildly, on the Kyrgyz market and provides strong support for the Kyrgyz economy. This includes oil and gas, but we are not limiting ourselves to this; we have plans that may include the construction of small NPPs.

As a reminder, Russia is the only country in the world that carries out such projects. Many are saying they are ready to do it, but so far we are the only ones to do it. If Kyrgyzstan decides to go ahead with this project – our colleagues are in contact with one another – we will implement these projects.

High-tech areas are also developing in the course of bilateral cooperation. I want to draw your attention to the fact that Yandex has been working here more and more actively. Hopefully, it will continue this way, meaning that Yandex is not only engaged in food delivery, transportation and taxi service; Yandex is keenly engaged in developing artificial intelligence. This is an extremely important and promising area for all of us. Yes, Kyrgyzstan is not a large country, but there is an educated part of society here, young people with good education, who have very good prospects. And this is important for us – to create a common space in this extremely promising area. So, naturally, we will work here, too.

Both us and Kyrgyzstan deem it very important to do everything so that Russian migration policy could reliably provide for the interests of native residents of the Russian Federation, our citizens, and our economy, as well as for the citizens of Kyrgyzstan who come to work in Russia. They should be ready for this, including in humanitarian terms; I mean above all their command of the Russian language, starting from an early age, from school age onwards.

In this regard, as you also know, we are assisting the leadership of Kyrgyzstan to promote the study of the Russian language. We will open schools here and work in the field of higher education. In general, there is a great scope for joint work. In Kyrgyzstan, as you know, the Russian language has the official status at the legislative level, which we appreciate very much. And we will go on working in all these areas.

Regarding cargo traffic. Yes, indeed, such a problem did occur. What caused it? I will not conceal the fact that, on my instruction, the Customs Committee – within the framework of the EAEU, our customs authorities are entitled to such actions – began random checks on the roads, so to speak. It turned out that a significant number of goods, a significant number of these lorries, as you said, cross the Russia-Kazakhstan border without any documents at all. Yes, we have a common customs space, a common market, and free movement of capital and goods.

But every such heavyweight, every such heavy lorry must have a certain set of documents agreed on between us – between the states. There aren’t that many of them, but they are a must. There should be a paper, a document about what is inside the lorry, and at least it should be clear who is the consignee of these goods. The first document clearly shows the customs value, what customs duty should be paid by the person who crosses our border with these goods, and who should pay VAT upon receiving the goods. As soon as the roadside checks started, it turned out that there were no documents at all. It is just illegal import, and forgive my manners, it’s just gushing into our customs territory. The Russian Federation is missing out on billions, tens of billions of rubles in our budget. Of course, I informed my colleagues about this situation.

We talked about this matter with President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. He understood everything, and he has no questions or problems with that. We have agreed that we will do everything possible to ensure that this large number of lorries that have accumulated on our border, on the territory of Kazakhstan, move on to the Russian Federation.

Our customs authorities have agreed among themselves that the value of the goods being transported will be declared, and the final recipient will be indicated. And we will gradually let these lorries in. There will be no queue. Yes, it will actually be almost within the framework of the green corridor, at a minimum cost, let them pay at least something, to begin with. And starting next year, our customs officers will require all the necessary documents during random checks. If there are none, then the customs service will not send these goods back. I think that the customs authorities will come to an agreement, up to and including confiscation, probably.

You see, there are all kinds of goods in the lorries, from nails to diamonds and television sets. But let them at least write down shoelaces costing five kopecks, let them start paying something, let them declare the final consignee so that we can receive VAT, even if it is modest. We just need to put things in order.

Thousands of lorries have already passed through. I think the queue will be gone by the end of the year.

Pavel Zarubin: Good afternoon. Pavel Zarubin, Rossiya TV Channel.

The principal global topic of recent days has been the Trump peace plan. Naturally, we have many questions for you.

To what extent does the draft initially published unofficially take our position into account? Have we received an amended version of the document following negotiations between the United States and Ukraine? Consequently, when will Russian-American negotiations begin – which, as we understand, have not yet taken place regarding this document? When will Steve Witkoff visit you? What is your current assessment of the prospects for a peaceful settlement? Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: Regarding the draft agreement. There was no draft agreement per se; rather, there was a set of issues proposed for discussion and finalisation. In general, I have spoken about this on numerous occasions. Prior to my visit to the United States, before the trip to Alaska, we discussed this with American negotiators, and subsequently, a list of 28 potential points for an agreement was formulated. As I have already stated publicly, it was conveyed to us through certain channels, and we examined it.

Thereafter, negotiations were held in Geneva between the American and Ukrainian delegations. They, as I understand it, decided among themselves that all these 28 points should be divided into four separate components. All of this was passed on to us.

In general, we agree that this could form the basis for future agreements. However, it would be inappropriate for me to speak now of any final versions, as these do not exist.

Certain matters are of a fundamental nature, and overall, we observe that the American side is, in some respects, taking our position into account – the position that was discussed before Anchorage and after Alaska. There are, unquestionably, areas where we need to sit down and engage in serious discussions on specific points, and all such matters must be framed in proper diplomatic language. Because, generally speaking, one thing is to say that Russia does not intend to attack Europe. To us, that sounds ridiculous, does it not? We never had any such intentions. But if they want to have it formalised, let’s do it, no problem.

It is simply that there are individuals there – I believe they are either not entirely of sound mind or are a certain type of swindler – who seek to gain from this by publicly telling their population, their citizens, that Russia is preparing to attack Europe and that they must urgently strengthen their defence capabilities. Either they are serving the interests of the defence industry and private companies, or they are attempting to bolster their domestic political ratings against the backdrop of the dire state of their economies and social spheres. It is difficult to say what motivates them, but from our point of view, it is complete nonsense – an outright falsehood. Nevertheless, if this narrative has taken root in their public consciousness, if they have frightened their citizens who now wish to hear that we have no plans – no aggressive intentions – towards Europe, then very well, we are ready to formalise that in any manner they see fit.

Perhaps there is even merit in this, considering that we all wish to talk, to discuss, and to articulate matters of pan-European security. Probably so; we ourselves proposed this at one point. If our Western – let us once again call them “partners” – now want this, then very well, we are ready. But we all understand that this requires serious discussion, as every word carries significance.

Or, for example, one of the documents mentions that we should resolve the issue of strategic stability together with our American partners. For heaven’s sake – are we opposed to that? That is precisely what we proposed, having even suggested to the Obama administration that we should agree on certain matters. The response was, “Yes, yes,” and then, a month before the Obama administration left the White House, everything stalled. Now another treaty – New START – is expiring in February. If they do not wish to do anything, so be it.

From these papers, we see that, overall, there is a desire to revisit these issues. However, each of these issues is a separate, very serious area. We are certainly prepared for this serious discussion. Next week, an American delegation is due to arrive in Moscow.

Olga Matveyeva: Olga Matveyeva, Mayak and Vesti FM radio stations.

As a follow-up on the colleague’s question. Will you please name the main Russian negotiators?

And one more thing. There were reports on talks underway in Abu Dhabi. Does it mean a concurrent process is going on there? Could you tell us who is talking to whom and what is happening there? Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: Obviously, the negotiator from the Russian side is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. When we really sit down at the negotiating table and start discussing each of the proposed items in substance and in detail, the Foreign Ministry – on our part, from the Presidential Executive Office – Vladimir Medinsky, Aide to the President who has been engaged in that from the outset. I also included my Aide, Yury Ushakov, to deal with current issues, to organise all this work, he is in touch with his American counterparts. But he cannot deal with all of this alone – the Foreign Ministry must step in and to some extent, the Presidential Executive Office. This is a big, very extensive set of issues that need to be discussed, formalised, and properly spelled out.

That is the way it should be done, I think. It’s not that I think so, but it is never done any other way.

As for the Abu Dhabi talks, yes, I have heard some information noise on this score. But there was nothing unusual, nothing secret happening there either. Our secret services, Russian and Ukrainian, have always been in contact with each other, even in the hardest times. And they are in contact now. What are they dealing with? They are resolving a number of humanitarian issues, primarily related to the exchange of prisoners of war. The Abu Dhabi platform is actively used for this purpose. We are very grateful to the President of the United Arab Emirates for the opportunities extended to us. Thanks to his efforts, hundreds of our men, our heroes, have returned to their homeland.

At the initiative of the Ukrainian side, one of such regular meetings was scheduled and took place in Abu Dhabi. On our side, one of Russia’s FSB leaders attended it. A representative of the US administration also came to this meeting. It was a bit unexpected for us, but we never give up on contacts. He spoke with the Russian representative and wondered if perhaps we should not wait until next week to continue contacts but rather hold a meeting in Moscow this week.

I only learnt about this when the plane landed in Bishkek, but nevertheless, I said that we were ready, you are welcome, at any time. The issue is so important for everyone and for us that at any time of the day or night – we will arrive tonight, we will return, so we can meet right on Thursday, or Friday, Saturday, Sunday – whenever they want. But we agreed that we would decide, and the administration of the US President would decide who should arrive and when.

The latest information was brought to my attention yesterday that President Trump had decided that, after all, as previously agreed – and there was such an agreement earlier – the meeting is proposed by the American side to be held in Moscow next week. OK, we are always open.

As to who will represent the United States from the American side, this should, of course, be determined by the President of the United States. Therefore, we are expecting them in the first half of the next week.

Andrei Kolesnikov: Andrei Kolesnikov, Kommersant daily.

Mr President, are you going to insist that the territorial issue, above all in Donbass, should be resolved here and now, and for good? Or, will you agree to postpone it, so to speak, until better days? One more question, with your permission: would you agree to return to G7, the Group of Eight, as one of the peace plan versions provides; that is, to all those people?

Vladimir Putin: As for G7 or G8, we have never asked to be there, we were invited there once and we worked there. It was a platform for coordinating certain positions. I must say, you know, please take note, even before the tragic events in Ukraine began, I stopped travelling there. Did you notice?

Remark: Yes, indeed.

Vladimir Putin: This is why, when the developments in Ukraine began, they said: “Well, we are not expecting you there.” And good riddance… I do not remember who it was, I think it was the Prime Minister who went there once. The first time I refused was because really, I do not invent anything, it was when the Government was formed after I was elected President, I think in 2012. However, we never reject contacts, we are always open for interaction. First, nobody invites us there, I have not heard of or received any official proposals. And second, we know how the great majority of that association, called the Big Seven, and I have already said it once that I do not quite understand why it is called the big seven: in terms of territory, population and contribution to the global GDP they are getting smaller and smaller. Well, it does not matter, they are our important partners anyway. In today’s situation I just cannot imagine how we can interact directly. Can you imagine it? Well, we've arrived, hello, and now we will be stare at each other, or what?

I believe that this should bring us to some normalisation. Maybe, if we implement all these proposals within the list that we have received from the US administration, maybe some conditions for bilateral or multilateral contacts will emerge, however, it is premature to speak about it.

Andrei Kolesnikov: And there was the second question …

Vladimir Putin: You know, I will tell you now very briefly, I think it will be clear at once what it is all about. We are still receiving proposals about ceasing hostilities there, there and there. When the Ukrainian troops leave the territories they occupy, then the hostilities will cease. If they do not leave, we will achieve it militarily. That’s that.

Yes, please.

Edmund Zhelbunov: Edmund Zhelbunov, NTV television company. A question on the progress of the special military operation.

Mr President, are the positive dynamics on the fronts continuing? If so, in which directions is the most active advance taking place? Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: The positive dynamics persist in all directions. Moreover, our troops’ advance in each of these directions continues to pick up the pace, and quite noticeably. I would refrain from citing the precise number of kilometres, because I could be mistaken, but month after month, the size of the territory, so to speak, returned by our forces in all key areas is steadily increasing. In other words, the pace of our advance is accelerating.

However, the main problem for the enemy lies elsewhere: the widening gap between their losses and the number of personnel they are able to bring to the line of combat contact. In October, I believe, they suffered over 47,000 casualties, or about 47,500. Through mobilisation, or more precisely – forced mobilisation, they raised roughly 16,500, and an additional 14,500 to 15,000 returned from hospitals. If one calculates this precisely down to a tenth, the net deficit comes to around 15,000. In the previous month, the deficit was 10,000. Thus, the gap is widening.

We must also add those who desert the army. The scale of desertion is significant, and this is evident not only from our media or from Defence Ministry reports, but is also widely covered in Western media, and it is virtually impossible for them to hide this information. Therefore, there is little they can do about it, as they say.

In short, the dynamics remain positive in all directions.

Yes, please.

Yegor Piskunov: Yegor Piskunov, RT television channel. Thank you very much.

Mr President, are you aware of the fact that phone conversations between Yury Ushakov, Steve Witkoff, and Kirill Dmitriev have been leaked to the press? What do you think about it? The West, particularly numerous Western media outlets, has blown it up to a scandal. Witkoff has come under attack. What do you think about this? Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: You know, speaking of leaks, that may be a fake claim, or maybe a conversation was actually eavesdropped on. Eavesdropping is a criminal offence. At least in our country, eavesdropping is illegal. You know how the joke goes, “they were instructed to spy, but they ended up eavesdropping.” Let them mind their own business. By the way, spying is a skill, too.

I will explain what I mean. I am not aware of what these wiretaps or leaks are all about. You see, we get up in the morning and work from morning till night. After the events ended, I joined you. Here is what I think the problem is all about. It is not about us. It is about the clash of opinions in the collective West and specifically within the United States regarding what is going on and what needs to be done to stop the war and to halt the hostilities.

I had a meeting with Mr Witkoff before the summit in Anchorage. After that meeting, I went to Alaska to have talks. Overall – I want to emphasise it – at least my impression was that we had an understanding of where we stood and what needed to be done to stop the hostilities.

Then we left because President Trump and I needed to return to our respective capitals, to think things over, to consult with our administrations, ministries, agencies, and allies. After that, we agreed to continue discussions.

[Sergei] Lavrov and [Marco] Rubio met in New York on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly and had a conversation. No conflict arose between Russia and the United States on these matters. We remained on the Anchorage platform. Suddenly, the United States imposed sanctions on two of our oil companies. Why? Frankly, I was not sure what was happening.

So, there is no reason for accusing Mr Witkoff of being overly polite with his Russian counterparts. I spoke with him, and then we had that meeting in Alaska, and then – boom – sanctions that undermine our relations were imposed on us. To reiterate, we are unclear what kind of message this is. That is the first point.

Second, Mr Witkoff is apparently travelling to Moscow on President Trump’s instructions to negotiate with us. It would be quite unusual if, in his conversations with [Yury] Ushakov, he had used cuss words to insult us, or said something extremely rude, and then reached out to us in order to improve his negotiating stance. That is nonsense. Not to mention that Mr Witkoff is, apparently, a well-mannered person; he knows he should create a proper environment for interpersonal communication. That much is obvious.

This brings me to the most important point. I have known Mr Witkoff for several months now. He and President Trump go back many years, maybe even decades. He is a US citizen, and he upholds the position of his President and his country. True, our dialogue is quite challenging. We are having a civil conversation. We are not spitting at each other. We are talking like civilised people do, but each one of us is upholding his own position. To reiterate, Mr Witkoff is upholding his position, the position of the United States and the interests of the United States as he sees them and as those who delegate him to negotiate with Russia see them. These people are not just President Trump. I think they also include people from the US military, diplomatic, and administrative spheres in the broad sense of the word.

Please go ahead.

Yelena Mukhametshina: Vedomosti newspaper.

Talks about confiscating Russian assets have intensified in Europe. I want to ask how Russia would respond to this. And do you agree with Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban’s remark that the confiscation can lead to legal disputes, multiple lawsuits and the collapse of the euro?

Vladimir Putin: Hungary is an EU member, therefore, the Prime Minister of one of the EU countries knows better how this could affect the European currency. Clearly, this will have negative repercussions for the global financial system because confidence in the Eurozone will sharply decline, will plummet. And amid problems in the economy, where the locomotive of the European economy – the German economy – has been in recession for the third year running, I think this will definitely be quite an ordeal.

On my instruction, the Government of the Russian Federation is working on a package of retaliatory measures in case this happens. It is clear to everyone, and everyone says it bluntly, that it would amount to stealing someone else’s property. In this regard, I naturally have a question: who is teaching whom? Either the thieving elite of Ukraine, which steals the money of its taxpayers and the taxpayers of Western sponsors – we are now well aware of the corruption scandal in Kiev – is learning from the Europeans, or the Europeans are learning from the Ukrainian elite. In any case, both are theft. That is how we feel about it, and we are working on retaliatory measures. However, the Government will make them public later, if that happens.

Anton Vernitsky: Anton Vernitsky, Channel One.

After Donald Trump admitted the possibility for the United States to test nuclear weapons, you gave instructions, at the Security Council meeting, to the relevant departments and security services to explore the feasibility of testing Russian nuclear weapons. Has a final decision been made yet? If so, what is it? If not, when can it be made?

Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: I issued instructions to collect additional information about the actions of the American side, analyse it and submit proposals to me on what we should do in this situation. One of the proposals that we have received is to work together on this topic, that’s what we take from what we see. And we are ready to think all the issues concerning strategic stability over together with the US administration.

Anton Vernitsky: Could it be at the next negotiations, in Moscow next week?

Vladimir Putin: Yes, if this issue arises. Actually, even if it does not arise, we will, of course, raise this issue, because both the United States and we are perfectly aware that preparations for real nuclear weapons tests need time. And we certainly cannot let ourselves get into a situation where the United States will have had a test whereas we will be preparing for it for another year and a half. Naturally, we have to think about it. It was not us who said that, but we must be ready for any possible scenario. And I assure you, we will be ready.

Alexander Yunashev: Good afternoon, Mr President. Alexander Yunashev, Life.

Right now, during this visit, Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov is not accompanying you…

Vladimir Putin: Do you miss him?

Alexander Yunashev: A little. Although he is not away on vacation, he has not appeared on your international visits for two weeks now. The media claim he has fallen out of favour allegedly due to an unsuccessful conversation with Marco Rubio. What do you say?

Vladimir Putin: This is absolute nonsense. He has not fallen out of favour in any way. He has his own work schedule, he reported to me, informed me of his plans, and he is implementing them. He is preparing for a meeting with our American partners.

Yes, please.

Anastasia Savinykh: Mr President, TASS news agency.

Allow me to return to the peace plan. There is an impression that the Western side, by proposing such swift, rapid meetings and insisting on them, is in some way pressuring Russia and you personally. Naturally, everyone wants to achieve peace as quickly as possible, but it seems such matters bear no haste.

In your opinion, is there a risk that if an agreement is railroaded or hastily assembled, there may arise a temptation later to interpret it rather loosely? You have just said that every word requires discussion. How long, in general, will this take?

Vladimir Putin: I deliberately drew your attention to the fact that every issue listed in the documents handed to us holds immense importance – each one is a key topic, do you understand? Therefore, this requires thorough consideration. Likely, some of our partners are eager to resolve these issues as quickly as possible. Why? Colleagues here have asked me about the developments along the line of contact, about the position of American negotiators. Well, what is happening? Take, for instance, Kupyansk – I will return to it shortly. Let us begin with the area of responsibility of our Centre group of forces: where are the main operations taking place? On the Krasnoarmeysk direction and around the city of Dimitrov. Krasnoarmeysk and Dimitrov are entirely encircled – just as Kupyansk was in its time. Seventy percent of Krasnoarmeysk is under the control of the Russian Armed Forces. In the southern part of Dimitrov, the enemy grouping has been cut off, it is being split across the entire city, and our forces are proceeding to systematically eliminate it.

Well, what is next? If you look at the map, shift your gaze further east, northeast – there lies Komsomolsk, and north of Komsomolsk – Kupyansk, Slavyansk, and a little further north, northeast – Seversk. In Komsomolsk, combat is ongoing within the city, and a significant number of buildings have already been liberated by our troops, with further advances underway.

As for Seversk, which, as I said, lies further northeast, our forces have approached this city from the east, south, and north. Fierce combat is taking place in the city – I believe out of 8,000 buildings, 1,700 are under our control. Do you understand, if they have approached from the north, south, and east, where is this all heading? This is a very difficult question for the Ukrainian side, for the Ukrainian armed forces.

If you look north – the city of Seversk: 1,700 buildings out of 8,000, and beyond that, further north (where our North group of forces is operating) – Volchansk is almost entirely in our hands, that is on the Kharkov direction.

Now take a look at the developments in the Zaporozhye Region. There, the enemy has spent the past ten years constructing a fortified area – they began this work back in 2014 and have reinforced it ever since – which is now facing our Dnepr group of forces. It is a heavily fortified area, and our Dnepr forces are actively operating against it. In several important sectors, thanks to the heroism of our soldiers, defences are being broken. But that is not the point. The point is that our East group of forces has broken through the enemy’s defensive lines and is rapidly advancing in the north of the Zaporozhye Region, along the border between the Zaporozhye and Dnepropetrovsk regions. I repeat: they are advancing very rapidly. They are already within 1.5–2 kilometres of Gulyaypole, an important logistics hub. Whether they take the city soon or somewhat later, they will undoubtedly continue their advance.

What does this mean? It means that the East group of forces is effectively enveloping the entire fortified area of the Ukrainian Armed Forces from the north. On one side, our Dnepr group is confronting them whereas the East group of forces is bypassing them from the north. This may lead to a collapse of the front in this sector.

Here lies the difference between those in the West who seek to achieve peace as quickly as possible, even at the cost of certain mutual concessions, including from the Ukrainian side, and those who prefer a different course. If the developments we witnessed in Kupyansk unfold in the areas I have just mentioned, the collapse of the front will be inevitable.

Some still choose to believe that Kupyansk… Let me remind you: on November 4, the head of the Kiev regime declared that the city would be in Ukrainian hands within five to seven days. We now know that the enemy forces there have been completely eliminated, the city is entirely under our control, and another 15 battalions – around 3,500 personnel – are encircled on the left bank of the Oskol River. According to some of our commanders, Ukrainian soldiers in that area now resemble homeless people. This is not a joke. Imagine trying to supply 3,500 people by drone: food, uniform replacements, ammunition. It is impossible. They have been stuck in these conditions for weeks and are now practically immobilised.

Those in the West who understand the implications of all this are the ones insisting on ceasing the fighting as soon as possible, even if it requires concessions from the Kiev regime. They understand: the front will begin to crumble in several directions, and then the Ukrainian armed forces will completely lose combat capability, including their most battle-ready units, as is currently happening near Krasnoarmeysk. “Enough: save at least the core of the armed forces and your statehood. That is what must be considered,” say those who hold this view.

And then there are others, those who still continue to believe that Kupyansk is somehow back under Ukrainian control and who insist on continuing the fighting until the last Ukrainian is killed. That is the difference in their approaches. The ones attacking Mr Witkoff are precisely those who align with this second point of view, those who want to join the Ukrainian establishment in siphoning off money while prolonging hostilities until the last Ukrainian dies. But I have already said publicly: in fact, we are prepared for this.

Please, go ahead.

Yekaterina Lazareva: Good afternoon, Mr President.

Yekaterina Lazareva, URA.Ru agency. I have a follow-up question. Back to the peace plans. There is Trump’s peace plan, and there is an alternative plan advanced by Europe. Is there an understanding of who to talk to, to negotiate with, and to sign final documents with on behalf of Ukrainian political leadership, or perhaps, the military leadership now?

Vladimir Putin: You know, signing documents with the Ukrainian leadership is pointless. I have mentioned this many times.

I believe the Ukrainian leadership made a fundamental and strategic mistake when it gave in to fear and chose not to hold presidential elections, after which the president lost his legitimacy. Russia is also amidst hostilities with Ukraine, but we held elections, presidential elections and, very recently, elections to municipal and regional bodies of authority. We did all of that, while they, for some reason, did not. As soon as a peace deal is signed, hostilities will stop, and the martial law will need to be immediately lifted. Once the martial law is lifted, elections must be announced immediately.

However, today, the current political leadership of Ukraine can hardly expect to be able to win the election without rigging it. It is almost impossible, I think. That brings to mind Stalin famously saying, “It does not matter who votes for whom; what matters is who counts the votes.” No one cancelled the use of the administrative resource. Still, they are facing a challenging situation.

Next, according to the Constitution, a referendum must be held on all territorial issues, after which the referendum must be confirmed by a Constitutional Court ruling.

What is happening with the Constitutional Court? I mentioned this earlier as well. As a reminder, when the political leadership requested that the Constitutional Court confirm the president’s powers, the Constitutional Court refused to do so and dodged the request. According to the Constitution, there is only one five-year term. That is it. It cannot be extended.

We could go into the legal details and intricacies, but extensions are not provided for even under martial law. Only the Rada can extend its own powers during wartime, not the president. So, as an officeholder, the president cannot sign it. He needs confirmation from the Constitutional Court. But when the Court was asked to confirm the president’s powers, and refused to do so, do you know what happened next? I am not sure I mentioned this before, but a funny thing happened next. The security service stopped letting him into his office. He came to work, and someone knocked on his door telling him to clear out. He ended by fleeing the country.

The Constitutional Court is not operational, and the President of the Supreme Court is doing time for corruption. Those in charge of anti-corruption activities are corruptionists of the first order themselves. The President of the Supreme Court was imprisoned on corruption charges. Meanwhile, the terms of the Constitutional Court members expired, and new members had to be elected. It is quite a lengthy procedure, you see?

So, as soon as martial law is lifted, presidential elections must be held, a referendum must be held, and a new Constitutional Court must be formed. That is a never ending story.

Well, of course, we want to work out a deal with Ukraine, but doing so right now is practically impossible, legally impossible. Whoever from their side can or is willing to talk, let them do so. What we need is for our decisions to be internationally recognised by the main global actors. That is all we need.

This matters, because there is a difference between decisions under which certain territories remain under Russian sovereignty have been recognised. If agreements get violated, it will constitute an attack on the Russian Federation, with all ensuing responses from Russia. Or, will it be interpreted as an attempt to restore law on the territory owned by Ukraine? These are different matters.

Without a doubt, we need recognition, but not from Ukraine as things stand today. I hope that in the future we will be able to work out a deal with Ukraine as well. There are enough right-minded people in Ukraine who are willing to build relations with Russia for the long-term historical perspective.

Kira Latukhina: Good afternoon. My name is Kira Latukhina, Rossiyskaya Gazeta.

Hungarian media have reported that Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban will arrive in Moscow tomorrow for talks with you. Could you confirm that such a meeting will take place, and what would be the purpose of his visit? Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: We are in contact with the Hungarian side regarding a possible meeting. And we are always pleased to welcome any of our partners to Russia, including our European colleagues, despite their generally aggressive attitude toward us. Especially Viktor Orban. We know his position well. In my view, it is quite objective. He is one of the few people who assesses the situation based on real circumstances on the ground and formulates his political stance accordingly.

We also have bilateral matters to discuss. Our cooperation in the energy sector is extensive, not to mention the Paks Nuclear Power Plant. There are issues there requiring further clarification and coordination. This includes nuclear fuel supplies. For example, they used American fuel in Ukraine. We have nothing against that in principle, but in practice the fuel assemblies malfunctioned: the rods began to warp, leading to an emergency situation. Therefore, everything in this sphere must be thoroughly calculated; this is a very serious matter. But beyond that, we have many other bilateral issues. If Prime Minister Orban finds it appropriate to accept our invitation, we will be glad to see him.

Valentin Alfimov: May I, Mr President?

Valentin Alfimov, Komsomolskaya Pravda.

You have already partially addressed this, but I would like to clarify the legal aspect concerning Crimea and Donbas. In President Trump’s plan, it is stated that they recognise these territories as ours de facto but not de jure. How is that possible? As a lawyer, how do you see this distinction? How can something be recognised de facto but not de jure?

Vladimir Putin: This is precisely one of the issues that should be addressed in our negotiations with the American side.

Thank you for drawing attention to it. You are right, this is one of the key points.

Thank you very much.

All the best.

Press statements by President of Russia and President of Kyrgyzstan

2025-11-26T21:27:46+04:00

Vladimir Putin and President of the Kyrgyz Republic Sadyr Japarov made press statements following the Russian-Kyrgyz talks.

Earlier, the heads of state attended a ceremony held to exchange documents signed during the visit.

* * *

President of Kyrgyzstan Sadyr Japarov: Members of the press, ladies and gentlemen,

I once again cordially welcome President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin on his state visit to the Kyrgyz Republic.

Mr President, it is symbolic that your visit is taking place in the year marking the 25^th anniversary of the Declaration on Eternal Friendship, Alliance and Partnership between Russia and Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyz-Russian relations are based on the centuries-old friendship between our nations, close cultural and humanitarian ties, and a shared history. I would like to once again assure you of the Kyrgyz Republic’s unwavering commitment to strengthening our allied relations and historical partnership with the Russian Federation.

I would like to emphasise that our partnership serves our long-term national interests.

During our informal meetings yesterday, Mr Putin and I discussed a broad range of current issues on our agenda. We noted with pleasure the high level of Kyrgyz-Russian cooperation and conducted a detailed review of the implementation of all our agreements reached during our meeting in Moscow in July 2025.

Today, we discussed a broad range of issues during an expanded-format meeting, which was attended by the heads of our countries’ key ministries and departments and held in a traditionally trust-based atmosphere. We noted progress in many spheres and issued instructions regarding certain issues. Overall, I would like to say that we have a highly positive view of our bilateral cooperation at almost all levels. Our government bodies have been instructed to build up joint efforts in order to add new promising spheres to our bilateral agenda and identify new points of convergence of our interests.

A new package of bilateral documents covering education, healthcare, migration, security, economic, and military-technical cooperation has just been signed in your presence. I am pleased to note that the legal framework between our countries now comprises more than 400 documents. There is probably no other foreign country with which we have signed such a large number of interstate, intergovernmental, and interdepartmental agreements.

Naturally, we regard the joint statement on deepening relations of alliance and strategic partnership, which defines the principal areas of our future collaboration, as a central achievement of the talks. We highly value the traditionally close cooperation between our countries within international organisations and integration associations, including the UN, the CIS, the EAEU, the CSTO, and the SCO.

Our two nations share similar approaches to many key issues on the international and regional agenda. I would like to express my gratitude to the Russian side for the fruitful joint work during our presidency of the CSTO this year. We look forward to comparable cooperation during the Kyrgyz Republic’s forthcoming chairmanship of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. We concur that the Russian air base in Kant is a vital component of the CSTO Collective Rapid Deployment Forces and a significant factor in maintaining regional stability in Central Asia.

Significant attention was also paid to trade and economic cooperation. I would like to underscore that Russia remains one of the Kyrgyz Republic’s principal trading partners, accounting for 22 percent of our total trade turnover. In other words, nearly a quarter of Kyrgyzstan’s foreign trade is conducted with Russia. We were pleased to note the progress being made towards our shared objective of reaching US$5 billion in mutual trade in the coming years.

Investment is of particular importance. Russian direct investment in the first half of this year alone amounted to US$110 million. We consistently welcome the interest of Russian businesses in the Kyrgyz market and are prepared to ensure a favourable operating environment for their success. According to our data, as of November 2025, more than 1,800 companies with Russian participation are operating in Kyrgyzstan, representing one-third of all foreign enterprises in the country.

In order to give this effort fresh momentum, we wholeheartedly support the initiative put forward by our Russian partners to establish an Association of Russian Investors in Kyrgyzstan. The association should become an effective platform for dialogue between our business communities, between Russian investors and the authorities of Kyrgyzstan.

We also discussed the results of the latest meeting of the Kyrgyz-Russian Intergovernmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific, Technical and Humanitarian Cooperation, which was recently held in Bishkek.

We highly assessed the performance of the Russian-Kyrgyz Development Fund, one of the key drivers of our bilateral economic relations. Since its establishment, the Fund has invested over one billion dollars in Kyrgyzstan’s economy and has financed over 3,500 projects across all regions of the Republic. Taken together, its aggregate investment is twice as large as the Fund’s initial authorised capital. To date, the Fund is co-financing the construction of 14 hydropower and renewable energy facilities worth more than US$175 million.

We exchanged views on our cooperation within the Eurasian Development Bank and the Eurasian Fund for Stabilisation and Development.

We traditionally paid considerable attention to education, where we noted positive interaction as well. Over 16,000 Kyrgyz students are studying at Russian universities. The education of half of them is fully funded by the Russian side. We noted with satisfaction the large-scale plans for the scientific and technical modernisation of the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, a leading higher educational establishment in the Republic. The agreement signed today to build a new campus of the university has launched this important project.

We are consistently implementing a major socially significant initiative, which we have formulated together with Mr Putin, to build nine [Russian-language] schools, three of which are scheduled to open in 2027.

We maintain a careful attitude towards the Russian language, the language of not only Pushkin and Tolstoy but also our great writer Chingiz Aitmatov. The humanitarian project Russian Teacher Abroad, under which teachers from Russia teach Russian in schools across Kyrgyzstan, has proved to be in great demand.

Many projects of great importance for our social development are being implemented with support from Rossotrudnichestvo and ANO Eurasia. Eurasia Park, the largest family recreation park in Kyrgyzstan and Central Asia, opened in Bishkek in August 2025 at the initiative and with full support from ANO Eurasia.

Acting on our instructions, Kyrgyzstan and Russia have started creating an educational space based on the integration of best practices of our countries’ educational systems.

We are actively developing and promoting cultural ties between our nations. Cross Culture Days were successfully held in Russia and Kyrgyzstan and were met with mutual admiration of the audiences. Kyrgyzstan’s House of Science and Culture in Moscow, which will open soon, will further strengthen our cultural ties. We are grateful to our Russian friends for their practical assistance in implementing this initiative.

We also discussed migration issues and reaffirmed our mutual interest in ensuring that our compatriots live in Russia legally and are guaranteed appropriate labour conditions and social benefits. We have also agreed to continue working in this vital sphere through our respective ministries.

Mr President, the results of your state visit to the Kyrgyz Republic allow us to look optimistically at the further development of Kyrgyz-Russian relations. I am confident that your visit has reaffirmed once again the special strength of the Kyrgyz-Russian alliance and strategic partnership and has given a powerful impetus to their further deepening.

It is with great pleasure that I am giving the floor to you, Mr President.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr President, ladies and gentlemen,

I would like, in turn, to thank the President of Kyrgyzstan for his invitation, and all our Kyrgyz colleagues for their hospitality and the warm welcome we have received. Special words of gratitude, Mr President, for yesterday’s informal evening, which afforded us the opportunity for a one-on-one discussion covering virtually all areas of our mutual interest and the development of our interstate relations.

I fully concur with Mr Japarov: today’s talks were highly productive and were held in a constructive spirit.

This is entirely consistent with the nature of genuinely friendly and neighbourly relations between Russia and Kyrgyzstan.

We held a detailed discussion on the entire spectrum of bilateral issues and exchanged views on pressing regional matters.

A significant outcome of this visit is the joint statement on taking Russian-Kyrgyz relations to a new, even more advanced level of deepened strategic partnership and alliance.

Furthermore, a package of intergovernmental and interagency documents was signed, aimed at expanding concrete, practical cooperation.

Naturally, priority during the talks was given to the further development of our economic cooperation. Last year, our bilateral trade reached a record high, exceeding US$4 billion. This year, the growth of mutual trade continues at a robust pace – around 17 percent. This is a commendable result.

We have all but ceased the use of foreign currencies in financial settlements and have established stable channels for credit and banking cooperation. The share of the ruble in commercial transactions has already reached 97 percent.

The Russian side is assisting Kyrgyzstan in enhancing its tax administration and system of goods marking. According to our estimates, this has already led to an increase in additional revenues to the Kyrgyz budget of more than US$1 billion.

Russia is a major investor in the Kyrgyz economy. Accumulated Russian investments amount to almost US$2 billion. Kyrgyzstan is home to around 1,700 business entities with Russian capital in key sectors such as energy, mining, agriculture, transport, and logistics. All this has been made possible thanks to the steady domestic policy pursued by the President of Kyrgyzstan and the nation’s internal political stability.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr President, ladies and gentlemen,

I fully concur with Mr Japarov: today’s talks were highly productive and were held in a constructive spirit.

This is entirely consistent with the nature of genuinely friendly and neighbourly relations between Russia and Kyrgyzstan.

We held a detailed discussion on the entire spectrum of bilateral issues and exchanged views on pressing regional matters.

A significant outcome of this visit is the joint statement on taking Russian-Kyrgyz relations to a new, even more advanced level of deepened strategic partnership and alliance.

Furthermore, a package of intergovernmental and interagency documents was signed, aimed at expanding concrete, practical cooperation.

Our countries maintain close cooperation within the Eurasian Economic Union. Together with our fellow member states, we are building common markets for goods, services, capital, and labour. The advancement of Eurasian integration is delivering tangible dividends to all members, Kyrgyzstan included. To illustrate, in the decade since Kyrgyzstan acceded to the EAEU, its GDP has grown by 150 percent, while its exports to other Union countries have quadrupled.

As the President of Kyrgyzstan has just noted, Russia finances the Russian-Kyrgyz Development Fund, which has channelled approximately US$1 billion into Kyrgyzstan, supporting more than 3,500 joint projects in the real economy.

Energy represents one of the most vital sectors of Russian-Kyrgyz collaboration. Our country fully meets Kyrgyzstan’s demand for petrol and diesel and does so on preferential terms, without levying export duties – a measure that provides direct economic benefit to the Republic.

Furthermore, Gazprom is a key supplier of natural gas to Kyrgyzstan and has joined the nation’s public gas supply programme. The Russian gas giant has allocated over US$400 million for this purpose, which has already provided 42 percent of the country with access to the gas network. This work is ongoing.

Russia also supplies electricity to Kyrgyz consumers. Our companies are engaged in the design and modernisation of hydroelectric power plants on Kyrgyz rivers. We plan to jointly construct a large solar power plant in the Issyk-Kul Region and a new, modern combined heat and power plant in the north of the country.

Concurrently, Rosatom is executing a broad reclamation programme for former uranium mining sites. We are also exploring the possibility of constructing Kyrgyzstan’s first nuclear power plant, utilising advanced Russian small modular reactor technologies. I must emphasise that these reactors meet the most stringent international standards for safety and environmental protection.

Russian-Kyrgyz humanitarian cooperation remains traditionally rich and multifaceted, with ties between our citizens continually strengthening.

Our collaboration extends robustly across culture, sport, public and youth organisations, and certainly education. More than 10,000 students from Kyrgyzstan are currently pursuing their studies in Russia; half of them, as the President noted, are studying in state-funded places.

Kyrgyzstan hosts branch campuses of several leading Russian universities. The Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University in Bishkek alone serves approximately 7,500 students. The intergovernmental agreement signed today includes plans to construct a new academic building and other infrastructure on the university campus.

And, of course, it is encouraging that, alongside Russia, the Russian language, which holds official status under the Constitution, is widely and freely used in Kyrgyzstan. We greatly value this, and we welcome the support provided by the Republic’s leadership for its use across various spheres of life.

It is symbolic that on the eve of our visit, the Eurasian Centre for Russian Language and Culture opened in Bishkek, and a new Russian-language television channel, Nomad TV, began broadcasting in Kyrgyzstan.

I would like to emphasise that Russia will continue supporting efforts to improve the quality of education in the Russian language. We regularly supply schools and universities with teaching materials, and more than 150 educators have been sent to Kyrgyzstan under the Russian Teacher Abroad programme. I believe, and Mr President has also mentioned this in the course of our interaction, including in our informal conversations, that this is still not enough. I fully agree with you.

In addition, we are helping build new Russian-language schools in Kyrgyzstan. The first three institutions are scheduled to open in 2027, and in total, nine such schools will be built in different regions of the country.

Naturally, President Japarov and I also discussed in detail the expansion of bilateral cooperation in the military and military-technical spheres. We outlined plans for joint efforts in countering terrorism and extremism, combating drug trafficking, and fighting organised crime.

Both sides noted that the joint Russian military base in Kyrgyzstan makes a significant contribution to strengthening the Republic’s defence capability and, more broadly, to ensuring security and stability in Central Asia.

When discussing current foreign policy issues, we acknowledged that our approaches are similar or fully align. Our countries closely coordinate their positions within multilateral formats, including the United Nations, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and the Commonwealth of Independent States.

We look forward to welcoming Mr Japarov in St Petersburg at the end of December for the traditional informal meeting of CIS leaders and the session of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council.

In conclusion, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our Kyrgyz friends and Mr President for the constructive and productive discussions.

Our joint work with Mr Japarov will continue today, and tomorrow we will participate in the regular session of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation Council. As you know, Kyrgyzstan has successfully chaired the CSTO this year and will hand over this responsibility to Russia on January 1.

I am confident that this visit and our talks will contribute to the further development of the multifaceted Russian–Kyrgyz partnership, for the benefit of our peoples and our countries.

Thank you for your attention.

Vladimir Putin answered media questions

2025-10-11T01:06:22+04:00

Concluding his three-day stay in the Republic of Tajikistan, the President of Russia answered questions from representatives of the mass media.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Good evening.

I will forgo any opening remarks or statements. If there are questions, I will gladly endeavour to answer them.

You are welcome to proceed.

Anastasia Savinykh: Mr President, good evening.

Anastasia Savinykh, TASS news agency.

You have been working here, in Dushanbe, for three days now, with approximately half of this time dedicated to the programme of your state visit to Tajikistan. You have spent many hours in negotiations with your counterpart, President Rahmon – both in a restricted format and within the delegation framework, the composition of which underscores the mutual commitment of our two countries.

Could you please summarise the outcomes of this state visit and highlight which areas are currently demonstrating the most active and dynamic development, as well as the prospects ahead?

If I may, a brief follow-up question on this topic: we have signed a programme with Tajikistan on developing labour migration. The Ministry of the Interior is opening representative offices both in Russia and Tajikistan. In your view, does this help regulate migration flows? Does it assist in minimising illegal migration and criminal activity, and are there plans to sign similar programmes with other countries in the region?

Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: I will begin with bilateral relations. Tajikistan is an important partner for us, both in general and specifically within Central Asia. Its significance lies in its position on the frontiers of the CIS – on the southern flank of the Commonwealth. While our two countries do not share a common border, this remains an issue of utmost importance for the security of the Russian Federation. It is not by chance that our border service personnel continue their work here, in close cooperation with their Tajik colleagues, and that our military base is stationed here.

Naturally, we have devoted considerable attention to reviewing all these matters. Indeed, we observe that the current government in Afghanistan is taking all necessary steps to normalise the situation in the country. Nevertheless, numerous challenges persist, as acknowledged by the Afghan leadership itself. Therefore, the border between Tajikistan and Afghanistan must remain entirely secure. That is the first point.

Secondly, we maintain substantial and serious economic cooperation. It suffices to mention our collaboration in the energy sector, including hydropower. Tajikistan, with its mountainous rivers, is one of the most robust hubs for this industry. Our projects – both those already completed and those under development – are well known. There are other areas of cooperation as well, including the extraction of mineral resources.

All this holds significant interest for our economies – mutual interest, I would clarify, for both Russia and Tajikistan. We observe the establishment of joint enterprises and continued investment from Russian businesses. I would also note Tajikistan’s competitive advantages in areas such as cotton cultivation and others. This is of considerable importance to us.

Of course, humanitarian cooperation is an essential area of our relations. It is extremely important that some time ago the President of Tajikistan proposed opening schools that not only teach Russian but where education is entirely in the Russian language and the curriculum is similar to that in our schools.

Many of our teachers are working here, and we will certainly help improve conditions for the branches of Russian universities that have opened here, and will also support the ambitions of young people from Tajikistan to study at Russian universities. One of the largest, if not the largest, quotas in the CIS has been approved for Tajikistan.

It is widely known, yet I would like to repeat that special attention is given in Tajikistan to the study of the Russian language and Russian culture. This includes theatres, but the most important thing is that the status of the Russian language has been enshrined in law. This is extremely important; it is the basis for the further development of our interstate ties.

As for migration, we are aware of the demographic situation in the Central Asian republics, of course. Several years ago, slightly more than five million people lived here [in Tajikistan]. The current figure is above 10 million. The population growth is rapid here, while Russia needs an additional workforce.

At the same time, we are interested in attracting the trades we need. This is the first point. And second, we want these people to live in good conditions, to respect our laws and rules and to be law-abiding citizens, as I always point out. Incidentally, this is primarily connected with knowing the language of the host country.

Nevertheless, there are quite a few problems, which the citizens of the Russian Federation point to. We must above all think about our own citizens. In this context, it is essential for the personnel of the concerned departments, in this case the interior ministries, to work in Tajikistan, I mean Russian police officers, and for their Tajik colleagues to work in Russia. This is extremely important.

Why? The reason is that they, as the legal representatives of the Tajik authorities, will be able to see for themselves what is going on, and second, will take part in adopting relevant administrative decisions together with their Russian colleagues.

In this case, the citizens of Tajikistan who live and work in Russia will see this in a totally different way. It is one thing when the police demand that they comply with some rules and laws, and it is quite another matter when law enforcement personnel from Tajikistan are involved. This will build trust on both sides and enhance the effectiveness of [law enforcement] efforts.

Kira Latukhina: Good evening, Mr President.

My name is Kira Latukhina, and I am from the Rossiiskaya Gazeta newspaper.

Two major international summits have been held – the CIS summit and the Russia – Central Asia summit yesterday. How successful are they? And to what extent do we need such a format as the Russia – Central Asia summit? How popular is it and what “added value” does it have?

Vladimir Putin: Some time ago, when the Soviet Union ceased to exist, the establishment of the CIS was announced. I believe that an overwhelming majority of our countries’ citizens did not have a very clear idea of what was going on – they believed that the CIS had replaced the Soviet Union. They believed that, in essence, very little would change. In reality, everything changed drastically.

Unfortunately, the citizens of our countries were not informed in detail about the changes underway. But we are living in conditions that have evolved historically. Apart from living in these conditions, we should see how we can improve this vast region, how to move forwards and what should be done so as not to lose competitive advantages that emerged following the establishment on the territory of the former Soviet Union of common logistics, common industrial cooperation projects, and a common cultural code, despite the cultural diversity of the Soviet Union’s nations. The CIS is called on to preserve all this.

It became obvious at a certain stage that the level of intra-CIS collaboration was not enough for addressing current complicated economic issues. For this reason, on the initiative of Kazakhstan and its President, Nursultan Nazarbayev, another association emerged – the EAEU, where its members are working within the framework of more profound cooperation between countries that deemed it possible, expedient and advisable to establish this association. But the CIS is not losing its significance; it essentially aims to maintain this common space, including its cultural and humanitarian aspects.

Regardless of the scale of cultural differences between the most diverse nations of the former Soviet Union, Soviet people had their own common and distinctive moral code, which is very significant. The CIS is called on to preserve the heritage of the Soviet Union, and it is accomplishing this objective rather successfully.

People-to-people contacts remain robust. Again, we are committed to preserving a seamless transport space, which is of paramount importance, and we actively support the Russian language as a language of interethnic communication. This is a fundamental element in uniting our efforts and preserving the competitive advantages that I mentioned earlier.

This collaborative spirit extends to addressing security challenges and combating the most dangerous types of crime, such as drug trafficking. If you examine the package of documents we adopted and signed today, you will see that it speaks directly to these priorities.

Ultimately, the preservation and strengthening of our unity is crucial for our shared future.

The situation in the Central Asian countries follows a similar logic, albeit with local specificities. We all recognise the region’s rich ethnic diversity. The further, the more each nation is developing based on its own foundation – its own economy, its own cultural code, its own traditions. Russia is developing in the same way. This makes it all the more important that we do not drift too far apart. We must maintain our shared conviction that something unites us – a great deal actually – because that is the reality.

Consider the movement of people: is there no surplus workforce in other countries? There certainly is. Yet Russia remains a primary destination for workers from the former Soviet space. Why? Because they feel that fundamental connection. They want to learn Russian – why? For the same reason. This underscores the need to actively seek out and nurture all the common ground we share and value so deeply.

Our shared history is an important unifying force. Today, we have discussed the common Victory over Nazism – a shared legacy and a source of pride for all our nations. We will talk more about it in our ongoing meetings. That is, while we are connected by the past and the present, we must constantly seek and build upon the things that will unite us in the future.

This format has been designed precisely to give special focus to this track of our foreign policy.

Alexander Yunashev: Good afternoon, Mr President.

Alexander Yunashev, Life.

Yesterday, you met with Ilham Aliyev. During these negotiations, were you able to outline pathways to resolve the current crisis in bilateral relations, or does a certain chill remain?

Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: You know, I would not even describe it as a crisis in interstate relations. Why? Because if this had been a crisis in interstate relations, we would not have seen growth in trade and economic ties. Yet despite everything we have witnessed and encountered, growth – significant growth – has continued. So, what kind of crisis in interstate relations would this be?

I would say it was more likely a crisis of emotions. It is clear why. We were confronted with a very grave incident, a tragic event – the loss of an aircraft and its passengers. Therefore, we needed to calmly analyse the situation; we required time to properly examine it.

It was necessary to conduct highly complex technical examinations – that is true. We had to locate the so-called black boxes, decode them, cross-reference all the data obtained by investigators from the Ministry of Defence, verify this information, and compile all the records gathered from air traffic control services – both ours and those of Kazakhstan. All of this had to be pieced together and analysed. This demands extensive, meticulous, highly responsible, and professional work.

I myself once, while studying at the Law Faculty of Leningrad University, undertook an internship at the transport prosecutor’s office, where I was assigned to an investigator handling such cases. I understand what this entails, you see. It is extremely painstaking, seemingly tedious work where mistakes cannot be permitted.

But in the end, we accomplished this. We agreed with Mr Aliyev that we would do everything to ensure this investigation was conducted objectively, including by the International Aviation Committee (IAC), which carried out its inquiry using all the materials provided to it.

The investigation is now nearing completion, and overall, the situation is clear. There may still be some details or nuances that specialists need to document properly. I discussed this yesterday with the President of Azerbaijan.

I sincerely hope that we have turned this page, that we will move forward, and that we will continue to develop our contacts without complications, implementing the major, truly large-scale plans that both our countries share in logistics, industrial cooperation, and, I would add, in the cultural and humanitarian sphere as well.

Let me remind you that Azerbaijan is largely a Russian-speaking country: Russian is studied practically everywhere there. This also reflects the country’s deep and enduring commitment to developing relations with Russia. I very much hope this will remain so in the future.

Emotions are inevitable, but it is always better to keep them under control so that they do not interfere with our work or hinder progress. I believe all of this is now behind us.

Please.

Yelena Shiryaeva: Thank you.

Yelena Shiryaeva, Mir TV Channel.

Back to the topic of the summit. Today, during the meeting, an agreement was reached to create a new format, CIS+. Is there an understanding which international partners are ready to join the organisation in this format, under what conditions, and, most importantly, what benefits will it bring to the people of our countries?

Vladimir Putin: Thank you for the question.

This is indeed an important decision, as it marks the organisation’s transformation from what was essentially a family gathering into a full-fledged international structure. There are many countries interested in participating in our work, in developing cooperation, finding shared interests, and addressing common challenges.

We have agreed to establish this CIS+ format, and we also decided to invite representatives of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation as observers. I believe these are very sound and timely decisions. They will undoubtedly strengthen both the CIS’s capacity and standing as an organisation. I have no doubt that we will soon see the benefits of this decision.

Thank you very much.

Please.

Andrei Kolesnikov: Good afternoon, Andrei Kolesnikov, Kommersant daily.

Prior to your visit to Dushanbe, one of the Deputy Foreign Ministers of Russia said that the potential of Anchorage has been exhausted. Do you agree with this assertion? Is that the end of the matter?

One more question, if I may. It has just been announced that Donald Trump did not receive the Nobel Peace Prize. In your opinion: should he have received it, did he deserve it, was he worthy of it?

Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: Regarding the first part of your question. What exactly would you like to hear?

Andrei Kolesnikov: I can say, yes. I would like to hear that it has not, in fact, been exhausted.

Vladimir Putin: Do you understand the issue? We did not fully disclose what was discussed in Anchorage. We simply stated that, in general, there is an understanding – both on the part of the United States and the Russian Federation – of where we should move and what we should strive for in order to end this conflict, and by peaceful means at that. These are not simple matters.

We agreed with Donald that I, too, would need to consider the matter in Moscow and discuss it with our colleagues, as well as consult our allies. He told me the same.

These are complex issues requiring further elaboration. But we remain grounded in the discussions that took place in Anchorage. We are not changing our position on this and believe that some additional work is needed on both sides. However, overall, we remain within the framework of the Alaska agreements.

Now, regarding Trump. You know, it is not for me to decide who should be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. First of all, I doubt anyone here – among you, your viewers, or your listeners – would object. Let me clarify what I mean.

There have been cases where the committee awarded the Nobel Peace Prize to individuals who had done nothing for peace. In my view, these decisions inflicted enormous damage on the prize’s prestige. A person comes along – good or bad – and within a month or two, boom. For what? They had done absolutely nothing. Is that how it should work? It ought to be awarded for actual merits. Consequently, I believe, its prestige has been significantly undermined. But that is neither here nor there – it is not for me to judge.

Whether or not the incumbent President of the United States deserves the Nobel Peace Prize, I do not know. But he has genuinely done much to resolve complex crises that have persisted for years, if not decades.

I have said this before – I know for certain: regarding the crisis in Ukraine, he sincerely strives for a resolution. Some things have worked out, others have not. Perhaps much more can still be achieved based on the agreements and discussions in Anchorage. But he is certainly making an effort, certainly working on these issues – issues of achieving peace and resolving complex international situations.

The most striking example is the situation in the Middle East. If everything Donald has sought to accomplish, everything he has spoken about and attempted to achieve, is brought to fruition – it would be a historic event, truly a historic event.

If you noticed, I spoke yesterday with the Prime Minister of Iraq [Mohammed Shia Al-Sudani], who currently chairs the Arab League. We agreed with him that we would even postpone our meeting – between Russia and the Arab League. This was my initiative. I did this precisely because I did not wish to interfere with the process that has now, as we hope, been set in motion – incidentally, at the initiative and with the direct involvement of Trump – in the Middle East. Is that not an achievement? It is an achievement.

But I repeat, it is not for me to decide whether he deserves this prize or not, and whether the prize itself is worthy of such accomplishments.

Sargon Hadaya: Could you clarify something about Gaza?

Vladimir Putin: Yes, please.

Sargon Hadaya: Good afternoon, Mr President. Sargon Hadaya, Russia Today.

You have said that you will continue to cooperate with Arab colleagues on the Gaza issue. May I know in what format? And will Russia take part in various working groups, which will be set up on monitoring, on humanitarian issues – everything related to settlement and recognition of the Palestinian state?

Vladimir Putin: We have a very high level of trust with our Arab friends and with Palestine. I said it from the very beginning when I spoke at the Valdai Club meeting that we support the US, President Trump’s initiatives in this area at this track.

Still, the question of establishing a Palestinian state is one of the key issues. And, of course, this is the question for the future. As far as I understand – I haven’t yet looked closely at all the proposals – there is a question related to the transfer of power in the enclave to the Palestinian Authority after some time, its formation, there are questions related to ensuring security and the creation of local police.

You know, given the level of trust existing between Russia and our Arab, including and above all our Palestinian friends, of course, I think that our participation may be required. If our friends think it might help, of course, we will always be ready to take part in this process.

And we participated in it for decades. I think Russia has something to say and propose for resolving the issues, which will certainly arise in implementing the agreements achieved.

Welcome.

Pavel Zarubin: Good evening,

Pavel Zarubin, Rossiya TV Channel. Happy belated birthday to you.

Vladimir Putin: Thank you.

Pavel Zarubin: On that day, we were again wondering where you were and what you were doing, because normally nobody ever sees how you celebrate your birthday. In the evening, we saw you with the military at the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St Petersburg, in the sepulchre with the tombs of Russian emperors, beginning with Peter the Great. Why there? And why with the military at that?

Vladimir Putin: I think it is clear why I was with the military. Because Russia’s fate is largely, is always exclusively in the hands of the Russian people. And right now, our military are in the foreground, on the frontline – in the literal and figurative sense of the word. They are resolving the tasks fateful for our country – both the men at the front, on the line of engagement, and their commanders, of course.

As you have noticed, I met with the commanders of all our groups of forces that are active on the line of engagement. I invited them to the Peter and Paul Cathedral, the cathedral of the Peter and Paul Fortress, namely, to the sepulchre of our sovereigns, our tsars. And indeed, we first laid flowers at the tomb of Peter I.

Why? I think it is also clear. Because it was Peter I who laid the essential foundations of the contemporary Russian state, whatever you call it – the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, but the basic essential foundations were laid exactly by Peter I.

Meanwhile, our military in general – both commanders, soldiers and officers on the ground – are, in fact, defending what Peter I created and what his successors continued to strengthen.

Russia’s fate has evolved differently throughout history – it has grown larger or became smaller in size at different times. Under Catherine II – her tomb is actually next to Peter I’s – Russia made the greatest acquisitions of territory, as you know. That is, on that day we paid tribute to those persons who had made a unique, fundamental contribution to the establishment of our state.

And then we just had a briefing with the military colleagues. They reported to me on the situation at each section of the front, the sections they were personally responsible for. Following the meeting, we had a luncheon together, while, in fact, continued the same conversation informally.

Pavel Zarubin: Traditionally, people come to someone’s birthday with gifts. Did they give you a birthday present?

Vladimir Putin: They did, indeed. There were different military-themed presents – figurines and books. Yet two of them are of special value. One of the commanders gave me two icons our soldiers had on them, and those icons saved their lives. The icons were indented by bullets, and the soldiers sent them to me as a present. I am very grateful to them. I will make sure to find them and talk to them.

Even now, taking this opportunity, I would like to convey to them, via the media, my most sincere words of gratitude. And may the Lord protect them as he did before.

Pardon, what? About which Tomahawks?

Stanislav Ivashchenko: The American ones.

Vladimir Putin: Go ahead.

Stanislav Ivashchenko: Stanislav Ivashchenko, Zvezda TV channel.

In Kiev, Zelensky threatens to strike Russia with Tomahawks, even targeting the Kremlin itself. There is even talk that this constitutes a form of posturing… blackmail against Russia.

Vladimir Putin: You did not misspeak – posturing as well. There is certainly an element of showing off here.

Stanislav Ivashchenko: In this context, a question. The Americans say that whether they will transfer the Tomahawks or not depends entirely on Russia’s negotiating position regarding Ukraine. If our negotiating position does not suit them, they will proceed with the transfer. Is our response to this ready?

Vladimir Putin: Our response is the strengthening of the Russian Federation’s air defence systems.

Konstantin Kokoveshnikov: May I ask about START?

Vladimir Putin: Go ahead.

Konstantin Kokoveshnikov: Good afternoon.

Konstantin Kokoveshnikov. Thank you for the opportunity to ask a question.

As is already known, you have proposed extending the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, which expires very soon, in February 2026. Judging by initial statements from Washington, Trump appears not to oppose this.

Are there any signals through closed channels, perhaps, that Washington is indeed prepared to hold such consultations? Will four months be sufficient to complete this process? Am I correct in understanding that a new personal meeting between you and your American counterpart will be required?

Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: We maintain contacts through the Foreign Ministry and the Department of State. Will these few months be enough to reach a decision on extension? I believe it will suffice if there is goodwill to prolong these agreements. Should the American side deem this unnecessary, it is totally not critical for us – everything in this regard is proceeding according to plan.

I have spoken about this before, and it is no secret: the novelty of our nuclear deterrent systems surpasses that of any other nuclear state, and we are advancing this very actively. What I mentioned in previous years is all being developed. We are refining these systems, and I believe we will soon be able to announce new weapons that were previously unveiled. They are materialising and undergoing successful tests.

Regarding the intercontinental components at sea and in the air, I reiterate: the novelty and modernity of our systems, as military experts say, are at a very high level, which we maintain. We are prepared to negotiate if this proves acceptable and beneficial for the American side.

If not – then so be it. It would be regrettable, as nothing would then remain in terms of strategic offensive arms control.

Please.

Anna Sedykh: Good afternoon.

My name is Anna Sedykh, Interfax news agency.

My question follows up on the Nobel Peace Prize topic. Zelensky stated that he would support Trump’s candidacy if he supplied Tomahawk missiles to Ukraine: essentially, a peace prize in exchange for weapons. How would you assess this “businesslike approach”?

Vladimir Putin: I do not think the Nobel Committee was interested in the opinion of the current Kiev regime’s leader when making its decision. This is the first point.

Second, linking the Nobel Peace Prize to arms supplies is absurd. It simply speaks volumes about the current Kiev regime’s level.

Thank you very much.

Anything else?

Olga Matveyeva: Olga Matveyeva, Mayak and Vesti FM radio stations.

At the Valdai Club meeting, you mentioned that one country is preparing to test nuclear weapons. Could you please clarify whether that country is the United States? If, as you said, Russia responds in kind and also conducts a nuclear test, wouldn’t that throw our countries and all of humanity back to the 1990s, when the entire world refused to test nuclear weapons? And wouldn’t this provoke a new nuclear arms race between Moscow and Washington?

Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: I think that, frankly speaking, a certain arms race is underway. Whether it will be a throwback or not is hard to say.

However, I never said the United States is preparing for such tests. I said that some countries are preparing. This is well known to specialists, because there is always a temptation to test the effectiveness of the combat fuel that has been stored in missiles for many, many years.

All of this is currently simulated on computers. Specialists believe this is sufficient, but some of those same experts think that full-scale tests should still be conducted. As far as we know, some countries are considering this and even making preparations. So I said that if they do it, we will do the same.

Is that good or bad? From the standpoint of ensuring security, it is good; from the overall perspective of deterrence and efforts aimed at – if not reducing, then at least containing – the arms race, it is probably not bad either.

But our proposal to extend the New START Treaty for at least one year is in the same context. Let everyone think about it.

Goodbye, thank you very much. All the best.

Plenary session of the 10th Eastern Economic Forum

2025-09-08T15:32:38+04:00

Vladimir Putin took part in the 10th Eastern Economic Forum.

In 2025 the Forum is held under the motto “The Far East: Cooperation for Peace and Prosperity.”

Taking part in the plenary session were Prime Minister of the Lao People's Democratic Republic Sonexay Siphandone, Prime Minister of Mongolia Gombojav Zandanshatar and Vice Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress Li Hongzhong. The day before, the President held bilateral meetings with each of the three officials.

* * *

Plenary session moderator Maria Rybakova: Mr Putin, honourable guests, good afternoon.

I also extend my greetings to the participants of the forum, the audience and the early risers in the western part of our country who have woken up to watch our plenary session.

Our guests of honour will deliver their statements soon. But first, if you don’t mind, Mr Putin, I would like to steal the spotlight for a moment. Just a couple of minutes to say a few words of explanation.

I should say straight away: I am not an economist. I am a news presenter with a legal education who lives in Moscow. In short, I am oriented towards the humanities. But I also go shopping quite often, and I am someone who pays attention to prices, which, frankly, sometimes surprise me. I really know very little about economics, and you know, sometimes when you are looking for answers, you go on a video platform – which, as you know, now runs a bit slowly in Russia – and there, economists tell you that everything is bad: inflation is rising and the budget has been stretched to the limit. Then you go on another platform, and there, other economists tell you that everything is fine, everything is great, that there are breakthroughs ahead, we will beat everyone, and so on.

Like any other Russian citizen, I have a question: Mr Putin, which of these economists should we trust?

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: You know, I have already answered questions of this kind. Don't take anyone at their word. The truth is, you should proceed from your own experience, rather than seeking the opinions of those who like to voice their views online. Instead, I suggest you consult the opinions of experts if you truly want to get to the essence of the issue that concerns you. I am not saying anything revolutionary here.

But even among specialists, views differ. The questions you have raised only appear simple on the surface. Take prices, for example. Rising prices are, essentially, inflation. The Central Bank is working to curb this inflation and bring it back to the well-known and necessary target of no more than 4–5 percent. But this requires keeping the key rate high, which raises concerns for those engaged in real production. Many people here in this hall will no doubt say: “This is unacceptable, it is impossible, the key rate must be sharply reduced.” But if that happens, prices will only rise further.

So the only thing I can say is this: I want to assure you that Russia’s financial authorities – the Government of the Russian Federation and the Central Bank – are acting professionally. We have always, and I want to stress this, always proceeded from the principle that a stable macroeconomic policy is the foundation for developing the Russian economy and, consequently, the social sphere. We have pursued this course for many years, at least a decade and a half, and it has consistently delivered positive results, creating the conditions for the country to move forward. I am confident this will be the case again.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you very much.

Perhaps my introduction was a little scattered, but the main point I wanted to make is this: today I would like us to talk about the economy not in abstract, highbrow terms, not about institutional economics, but about the economy that matters to ordinary people in Vladivostok, to a typical family. That is the kind of economy that concerns me, and people like me.

Let me briefly explain how we will proceed, what the format will be. I think everyone here is familiar with it. First, we will have the official part, with speeches by our distinguished guests, including Mr Putin. After that, we will move on to the Q&A session. I very much hope it will be a real discussion. I am not sure how it will unfold, because it’s not easy to argue with Mr Putin, but I will do my best.

I will now give the floor to the president of the country hosting this forum. Mr Putin, you have the floor.

Vladimir Putin: Mr Sonexay Siphandone, Mr Zandanshatar, Mr Li Hongzhong, ladies and gentlemen,

Allow me first to address the Russian part of the audience. I would ask you to extend a warm welcome to all our international guests. For my part, I wish to express my gratitude to our foreign colleagues for coming here, showing an interest in working with us, and devoting their valuable time to this forum.

Russia and Vladivostok once again are hosting participants and guests of the Eastern Economic Forum, with representatives from more than seventy countries around the world.

This year, the forum is being held for the tenth time. Let me remind you that the very idea of establishing it coincided with the launch of a new stage in the development of the Russian Far East. This major undertaking is aimed at creating broad opportunities for citizens, for young people, above all for businesses, to fully unlock the resource, industrial and logistical potential of this strategically important region of Russia, and to improve the quality of life for its residents.

Today’s anniversary forum is not only an opportunity to take stock of the joint efforts of government bodies, entrepreneurs and public organisations, but also to outline the next steps – our long-term plans for the Far East. These plans concern strengthening its role both in Russia’s national economy and in international relations, above all in the rapidly growing Asia-Pacific region.

As you know, the development of the Far East and Siberia has been designated as Russia’s national priority for the entire 21st century. This was announced in the Address to the Federal Assembly at the end of 2013.

Subsequently, the legal framework was formed and updated, and a whole range of instruments to support business was introduced, including advanced special economic zones, the Free Port of Vladivostok regime, preferential arrangements for the Kuril Islands, and the establishment of a special administrative district on Russky Island.

Ambitious plans have been rolled out to strengthen transport, energy and utilities infrastructure. Decisions have been made to support housing construction, renovation, and the development of social facilities: schools, kindergartens, clinics and hospitals, and sports complexes.

All these measures are united within the large-scale State Programme for the Development of the Far East. It sets ambitious targets for accelerated economic and technological growth and for improving the wellbeing of the population across the Far Eastern regions of the Russian Federation.

These efforts are delivering results. In recent years, the Far East has taken a leading position across many key indicators – first and foremost economic ones – outpacing Russia’s overall growth rates.

Over the past 10 years, the gross regional product of the Far East has increased more than 2.5 times, from 4 trillion rubles to 11 trillion.

During this time, 20 trillion rubles were invested in the fixed capital of Far Eastern companies and enterprises. A quarter of this amount was channelled into projects with state support in such sectors as mining, oil and gas chemistry, construction and others.

Let me name the leading regions in terms of fixed capital investment over these 10 years: Yakutia, with 4.5 trillion rubles, Amur Region, with 4 trillion rubles, and Sakhalin Region, with 2.6 trillion rubles. Together, these three account for 55 percent of all investment in the Far Eastern Federal District.

The investment dynamics in the Far Eastern regions are such that, in real terms, their volume last year was double that of 10 years ago. For comparison, across Russia as a whole the figure was 1.5 times higher. That, too, is a good result. But still, the Far East has done better.

Per capita, investment in the Far East today is twice as high as the national average.

What does this mean? It means that not only is a modern industrial base being formed, but in fact a new industrial map of the region is emerging. Thousands of new growth points have already appeared, including world-class enterprises such as the Baimsky mining and processing plant in Chukotka, the Udokan Copper project in the Trans-Baikal Territory, the gas processing plant and petrochemical complex in the Amur Region, the Nakhodka mineral fertiliser plant, the Zvezda shipbuilding complex in Primorye, the hydrometallurgical plant in the Khabarovsk Territory, and many others.

The growth of business and entrepreneurial activity, along with the expansion of economic opportunities in the Far East, forms the foundation for the region’s future development. It is important to maintain steady progress in its traditional sectors, in areas that are already on an upward trajectory, to develop infrastructure and logistics links, to ensure reliable supplies of affordable and clean energy, and, of course, resources.

I should also note that the Far East’s resource base and mineral extraction are expanding. Over the past decade, coal and gold production in the region has grown almost 1.7 times. This has been made possible in part by the declarative principle of subsoil licensing, which has enabled greater private capital involvement in geological exploration, significantly increasing the number of newly discovered deposits, including major ones such as the Lugokan gold and copper deposit in the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Roman gold and silver deposit in Yakutia.

I will separately touch on the issue of rare earth metals, which are used in high-tech industries, instrument-making, nuclear technology, electronics and other spheres.

These resources are often accumulated in dumps during the development of deposits, including here in the Far East. There is a system for registering these resources. They can be extracted and effectively used with the development of new technologies. I spoke about the launch of such programmes at the St Petersburg International Economic Forum.

At the same time, we should regularly review these valuable components throughout the production chain, including at the stage of their reprocessing and export in the form of concentrates. In addition, we must introduce advanced technologies for enriching and processing rare and rare earth metal ores. We must also encourage demand for them at new industrial facilities in Russia.

Some months ago, in February, we agreed to approve a long-term plan for the development of the rare earth metals industry. I would like the Government of the Russian Federation to do this no later than November this year.

Next, a meeting on the development of the energy complex of the Far East was held on the eve of this plenary session. Many of you have likely taken notice of it. It is clear that the demand for electricity in the region will increase with the development of the economy and the social sphere. Consequently, we must plan the construction of energy facilities so that they meet the growing demands of businesses, cities and villages, and the people. The focus is on the expansion of gas and modern coal generation, as well as using the huge potential of hydropower generation.

The hydroelectric power plants on rivers in the Far East are a low-impact electricity source, and new ones must be built. Their construction implies modern engineering and technological solutions, and our leading company in this field, RusHydro, has the necessary experience and groundwork. However, it is obvious that the development of hydropower generation calls for major investments.

Relevant instructions have been issued. I hope that the Government and our colleagues in the regions will continue to give special attention to the development of small and large hydroelectric power plants. I would like to emphasise that we are not only talking about the economic aspect. Responsible water use, maintenance of perennial runoff, and flood prevention are integral parts of the development of hydropower generation that have a direct impact on the environment, agriculture and the safety of cities and towns.

Rivers in the Far East are also natural transport arteries connecting territories and ensuring deliveries to cities and towns within the framework of the northern supply.

In this context, a separate issue is logistics. In recent years, the load on the transport system of the Far East has grown significantly. The region’s ties with foreign countries are being strengthened. All of this requires the upgrading of road and rail arteries, the expansion of seaports and the creation of modern transport hubs with automated warehouses and digital cargo processing.

We will continue modernising the Eastern railway network – the BAM and the Trans-Siberian Railway. By 2032, their carrying capacity should be one and a half times higher than at the beginning of this year.

It will also be necessary to further expand the railway links to the seaports of the Far East, which are developing dynamically, primarily through private investment. Over the past 10 years, port capacity in the region has effectively doubled. Today, it stands at almost 380 million tonnes of cargo per year.

According to the current federal project, the Far Eastern ports’ capacity should increase by a further 115 million tonnes of cargo per year by 2030.

In the Far East, transport bridges to China have already been built: the Nizhne-Leninskoye-Tongjiang and Blagoveshchensk-Heihe bridges. Plans also include the construction of new bridges, including one to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea across the Tumannaya River, which is scheduled to open next year. It is essential to actively develop transport and logistics hubs in the vicinity of these bridges to make full use of their capacity. In addition, border crossings are being modernised. This task has also been set, as it is of considerable importance: a single transport artery is not enough, and appropriate administrative logistics are required.

I would also add that airports in every region of the Far East are being upgraded. They now handle more than 14 million passengers a year, including tourists, who are increasingly visiting these remarkable and beautiful places.

In this context, I would like to note the initiative of VEB.RF. Master plans have been prepared for the development of twelve new all-season resorts in Primorye, Sakhalin and Kamchatka. This will allow the number of tourists visiting these regions to almost double over the next ten years.

I would also highlight such landmark developments as the restoration of flights between Vladivostok and Pyongyang following the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the launch of direct air services between the capitals of Russia and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. The flight on this route took place at the end of July. A month earlier, direct train services between Moscow and Pyongyang were resumed. I am confident that these measures will contribute to the further rapprochement of our countries and the establishment of stronger ties.

Of course, a particularly significant topic for the Far East, for our entire country, and for the whole Eurasian continent is the development of the Trans-Arctic Transport Corridor. It runs from St Petersburg through Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, and the Northern Sea Route, all the way to Vladivostok.

We see that interest in this route is growing, both from Russian companies operating in the Arctic and from foreign carriers. And this is not just about individual, one-off shipments, but about forming a stable cargo base.

We will develop the Trans-Arctic Corridor.

We often speak about the Northern Sea Route. But if you have noticed, I specifically said – and continue to say – Trans-Arctic Corridor, because we have concluded that we need to operate on a larger scale, and that this artery must function as part of a complex system with all the territories adjoining the Northern Sea Route and their capacities.

So, this is a comprehensive system that should integrate maritime, rail and road transport. It will allow us to use the potential of our largest rivers, such as the Ob, Yenisei, and Lena. Everything must work as a single, unified system.

Our task is not only to establish reliable and safe sea routes in the Arctic and enable year-round operation of the Trans-Arctic Corridor. There is also work, as they say, onshore: developing communications and navigation, ship servicing systems, and emergency and rescue infrastructure. And, of course, this includes modernising seaports in the Arctic and the Far East.

Incidentally, just yesterday, the multimodal hub Artyom was opened here, in the Primorye Territory. It handles containers arriving both from abroad and from Russian regions, and it is expected to improve the efficiency of northern supply deliveries.

It is very important that similar modern transport and logistics centres develop in our country, that there are more and more of them, and that cargo delivery and handling become faster and more efficient. And I would like to emphasise that it is precisely at such points, in logistics hubs, that advanced technologies, including unmanned systems, should be applied.

Next, the Trans-Arctic Corridor must primarily operate in the interests of the domestic economy and our regions of the Far East, Siberia, and the Arctic, taking into account cooperation between them and opening new opportunities for business. Here, I would like to underline two potentially significant directions for development.

First, the creation of modern shipbuilding centres. They should be capable of producing the full range of vessels needed for the route, from tugs and supply ships to bulk carriers and ice-class gas carriers, as well as ultra-powerful icebreakers.

Second, to increase the efficiency and resilience of the Trans-Arctic Corridor, we need to provide direct access for cargo from Siberia and the Urals to Arctic maritime routes.

I ask my colleagues in the Government and the Russian Maritime Board to assess the feasibility of these proposals and provide their recommendations.

Back in the day, mechanisms that were advanced and innovative for our country, such as priority development areas (PDAs), gave a strong boost to economic growth and private initiative in the Far East.

As you may recall, the law on PDAs was adopted in late 2014, and the mechanism was launched in 2015. The goal was to create truly globally competitive environment for doing business in the Russian Far East. Therefore, we developed PDA arrangements based on the best business and investment climate practices, including from the Asia-Pacific region.

What benefits does this mechanism provide today? Our colleagues are well aware of them in general, but I would like to go over them for our guests. These are, first of all, low insurance premium rates (7.6 percent for 10 years). The federal revenue tax will be zero for five years. The regional revenue tax will amount to anywhere from zero to five percent in the first five years, and ten percent in the next five years. The subsidised tax rate on mineral extraction is provided. In addition, the PDAs provide for a free customs zone, as well as reimbursement of a portion of the expenses involved in building infrastructure and issuing low-interest loans to businesses.

The reason I am dwelling on the PDA terms in such great detail is because they are unique for business, and not only in our country, but in many other countries around the world as well, for our colleagues and friends from other countries.

PDAs have proven their effectiveness. They have helped launch numerous investment projects, systematically support entrepreneurs and companies at the most important stage during construction, setting up the production cycle, and reaching design capacity. In the Far East, 18 PDAs have been created employing over 300 residents, who have invested almost four trillion rubles and created 95,000 new jobs. The Government has made several decisions to expand the boundaries of specific PDAs to accommodate new projects.

Based on existing successful experience, I propose taking a radical step and, as the saying goes, seamlessly, while keeping the terms and conditions for the existing investors unchanged, launch a single preferential regime for business throughout, I emphasise, throughout the entire Russian Far East and the Arctic. This work must begin on January 1, 2027.

The task is to simplify the use of support measures for entrepreneurs, companies and their new projects. In other words, investors should have access to incentives wherever they take their money, in every Far Eastern or Arctic region, city and town.

I would like to point out that the launch of the single preferential regime will preserve all the terms extended to investors in priority development areas. They do not have to worry that anything will be changed spontaneously. This also concerns the residents of international priority development areas. This instrument stipulates even longer-term profit tax privileges and the so-called grandfather clause – not everyone in the hall knows what it is, so I will explain this term. This clause precludes any changes in the terms of operation for up to 15 years and stipulates an individual approach and support for each investor, including foreign companies.

The legal framework is ready, and international priority development areas will start operating in the Transbaikal Territory, the Amur Region, the Jewish Autonomous Region, and the Khabarovsk and Primorye territories on January 1, 2026. We invite all interested partners to take advantage of this opportunity.

Regarding the single preferential regime for the Far East, I would like to say this: the list of incentives, their precise parameters, deadlines and industry focus will be determined by the Government together with our colleagues in the Far Eastern entities of the federation. But there are some fundamental issues I would like to point out.

Using the results achieved in the mining and processing industries and solid infrastructure, we must start a new development stage in the Far East, shaping an economy of the future, radically improving living conditions in cities and towns, training in-demand professionals and launching high-tech projects. This is the essence of the new stage. We must turn the entire territory of the Far East into a hub for high-tech projects. It is a vast territory with a sparse population and large areas where people can be employed. We must use modern methods for the development of this territory.

National projects to ensure the country’s technological leadership have already been launched. On the basis of each of these, I instruct the Government to prepare and approve an appropriate development programme for the Far East and the Arctic by the end of the year.

For a technological breakthrough, a genuinely bold approach to regulation and the legal framework for business operations is required. These must give the green light to innovation, stimulate the development of cutting-edge solutions, and facilitate their implementation in pilot and subsequently serial production, as well as in the social sphere and everyday life.

For instance, an experimental legal regime is already in effect on Sakhalin. It allows for the accelerated testing of unmanned technologies. I instruct the Government to create conditions for their widespread application on agricultural lands, in environmental protection and natural resource management, as well as at industrial and logistics sites. Why should unmanned technology not be developed in such areas? There are none of the risks that might arise in densely populated regions of the country. Moreover, life itself demands the use of such technologies. Take, for example, forest fires that break out hundreds of kilometres away from the centres responsible for responding to them. Unmanned technology is perfectly suited for use in these vast areas.

There are other opportunities for applying modern technologies across these vast territories. This is precisely where they should be deployed. However, this requires a corresponding workforce. What must be done to ensure such a workforce? Conditions must be created so that people can live here, so that they want to live here. Social infrastructure must be developed, cultural facilities must be enhanced, and so on. Otherwise, there will be no workforce, and consequently, there will be no people capable of advancing these technologies. This is a comprehensive task.

It is evident that such solutions will be in demand not only on Sakhalin but also in other regions of the Far East, including the Amur Region, the Trans-Baikal Territory, Chukotka, and so on.

In this regard, I consider it possible to extend the experimental legal regime for unmanned systems to all Far Eastern regions and expand it primarily to include such areas as the use of digital platforms, artificial intelligence, and data exchange.

In June, at the St Petersburg Economic Forum, I spoke about the importance of leveraging the advantages of electronic marketplaces. Within the framework of the experimental legal regime, I propose utilising the infrastructure of domestic information platforms for state and municipal procurement in the field of education.

There is more to it. The Russian Far East must become an advanced digital development region, especially in data circulation. Of course, this circulation should take into account matters of confidentiality and security. We talk about this all the time. We will definitely revisit this topic at the artificial intelligence forum, which will take place closer to the year end. I look forward to the Government preparing corresponding proposals.

Next up, to develop and master technologies and to establish modern production facilities, at least 100 industrial, business and technology parks with the proper areas and utilities will have become operational in Russia by 2030. At least ten such parks will need to be created in the Russian Far East and the Arctic regions. I am confident that their state-of-the-art infrastructure and capabilities will be popular with the start-up companies that are implementing promising projects and, among other things, planning to manufacture products that are designed to replace foreign analogues, including construction materials, and medical and transport equipment, to name a few.

In order to promote the development of domestic production facilities, conditions must be met for a wider use of the so-called offset contracts, when investments in new factories, workshops, or enterprises are guaranteed by state orders. It is likewise important to expand the practice of interregional offset contracts, under which production facilities open in one constituent entity of the Federation, and products manufactured under guaranteed orders are shipped to more than one region.

Financing innovative ideas and technological projects is a separate issue. Private investors and venture investment have a greater role to play under these arrangements than the state. The Voskhod Fund, which has supported about 40 companies in robotics, medicine, and space technologies, is a compelling example to back up this point.

I am asking our colleagues from the Government to carefully review the experience of this Fund and to help scale up its activities to include our technological leadership projects. Please focus on this.

In general, I believe a transparent, modern, and effective financial ecosystem must be created in the Far East. The Eastern Exchange, which is, for all intents and purposes, a Far Eastern stock exchange, is operational. I suggest working out plans for further expanding it, including financial channels, regulatory framework, and incentives for placing corporate shares.

Colleagues, developing the Far East and the Arctic, and building the economy of the future should improve the well-being of the people, increase their incomes, and lead to structural changes in employment in favour of high-skilled and well-paying jobs. This is the underlying logic and the core meaning of the strategy that we are implementing in these regions and throughout the country. To reiterate, the Russian economy must become an economy of high wages. This is not an empty phrase, not some kind of populist rhetoric. There is economic sense to it.

Over the past ten years, the average salary in the Far East has increased by 2.5 times. As of the end of last year, it exceeded 100,000 rubles per month in nominal value. The unemployment rate in the region went down from 7 percent to 2.4 percent. The poverty rate is down across Far Eastern constituent entities of the Federation. Indeed, in most of them it is still higher than the national average, and there is room for improvement. However, overall, I emphasise, the dynamics are good and positive. On average, the poverty level in Russia decreased from 11.3 percent to 7.2 percent from 2014 to 2024. Among the Far Eastern regions, poverty is below the national average in some regions, namely, 5.3 percent on Sakhalin, 5.9 percent in the Magadan Region, and 4.4 percent in Chukotka.

We remember how, amid economic headwinds and challenges in the social sphere in the late 1990s, people began to leave the Far East. It was a truly threatening trend, and reversing it was a challenge. But we are getting there. Gradually, we are getting there.

I will give you some telling figures. Since 2014, the migration outflow in the Far East amounted to 211,000 people over five years, but it decreased to 109,000 people in the next five years, which is also a lot. But it was down almost by half. Moreover, 2024 saw a migration influx, albeit a small one at 24,000 people. Not many, indeed, but the very fact of trend reversing was a major achievement.

Particularly important is the fact that young people from all over the country headed to the Far East. Since 2015, an influx of young people aged 20 to 24 has been noted for nine years in a row. Last year alone, it more than doubled compared to the year before that.

This means that you can go there to get an interesting profession, find a well-paying job, settle down, solve housing issues, start a family, and raise children. The future of our country is being created in the Far East. Young people sense it, see it, and react accordingly.

We will continue to improve the system of general and higher education in the region, encouraging it to adjust to the personnel demands of enterprises and organisations, and to take into account potential changes in the employment market due to the development of new forward-looking economic sectors.

We have agreed to open university campuses in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Yakutsk, Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk, Ulan-Ude and Chita, to build the second phase of the Far Eastern Federal University campus and to establish world-class campuses in the Arctic, namely Murmansk and Arkhangelsk. In other words, we will create all the necessary conditions for receiving a quality modern education.

Of course, it is necessary to support not only those who plan to move to the region but also those who were born and are living and working here, making the Far East and consequently, the whole of Russia stronger and better.

We must ensure a sustainable improvement in the standards of living for people and families in the Far East. This is a crucial aspect and the basis for creating an economy of the future.

Regarding housing affordability, urban development, the environment and the social sphere, the standards in the Far Eastern regions must rise above the country’s average within a decade.

As you know, master plans for 22 Far Eastern cities and agglomerations have been prepared with this aim in view. They include the economic development of residential areas and are designed to create a modern and truly comfortable living environment, with renovated housing and utilities, developed public spaces, parks, boulevards, children’s playgrounds and sports grounds, and a modernised social sphere.

These master plans are being implemented. To date, over 160 facilities have been built in accordance with them, including an embankment and a children’s technology park in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, a stadium in Ulan-Ude, and a roofed skating rink in Nakhodka. A shipyard has been modernised, an embankment has been built and a park has been laid out in Yakutsk. The construction of the Kamchatka Region Hospital has been completed.

It is clear that the successful implementation of these master plans depends on interaction between local authorities, including proper regard for governance elements in the urban agglomerations that comprise several municipal areas.

I would like to ask the Government, working jointly with local colleagues, to test the mechanisms of such interaction in the Vladivostok City Agglomeration, with the results of this experience formalised by 2030.

By the end of this decade, within the framework of the Far Eastern and Arctic master plans, more than 600 facilities are to be put into service. In their development, it is important to apply advanced solutions, both in design and in construction.

Next, for the financing of the master plans, we have agreed to create special sections in the national projects specifically dedicated to the Far East and the Arctic, and to allocate 5 percent of the expenditures of relevant state programmes in the social sphere, infrastructure and other areas to master plan initiatives.

I ask the Ministry of Finance to note that these decisions have been made. Yes, there is work to be done, and all of these programmes need to be carefully reviewed. But I ask that 5 percent be allocated here unconditionally, to address the tasks facing the region.

In addition, at the last Forum, I instructed that a separate limit of treasury infrastructure loans be allocated for the master plans of Far Eastern and Arctic cities. By 2030, 100 billion rubles will be directed to these purposes, primarily for the construction and upgrading of infrastructure.

Projects from the regions are already being selected locally and reviewed by the Government. I want to emphasise that resources for them are allocated to the Far Eastern regions in addition to the existing instruments of the so-called infrastructure menu. These include funds from the National Wealth Fund, the issuance of infrastructure bonds, and financing under the Modernisation of Utilities Infrastructure and Housing federal projects. All of this is an important contribution to the development of housing construction in the Far East and to improving housing availability for Far Eastern families.

If in 2015 the region completed the construction of 2.9 million square metres of housing, last year the figure stood at 4.7 million. The Far Eastern Quarter mechanism, with incentives for developers, played a role here. And, of course, the Far Eastern and Arctic mortgage programme with a low rate of 2 percent – originally covering young families, families with children, and participants in the Far Eastern and Arctic Hectare programmes – also contributed.

More than 165,000 loans have already been issued under this mortgage programme. We have extended it until 2030, and expanded it to include participants in the special military operation, employees of defence industry enterprises, doctors, and education workers. Specific age limits have been applied to these categories.

I would like to make an important clarification. The opportunity to receive a mortgage at a 2 percent rate should be available not only to teachers, but, I emphasise, to all employees of state and municipal educational institutions in the Far East and the Arctic. I ask the Government to make the necessary amendments to the regulatory framework. These are funds that, even under current conditions, are quite manageable, and I ask that this be done.

I also propose using the Far Eastern and Arctic mortgage programme for the secondary housing market as well, not just primary market, but specifically in those urban areas without blocks of flats, where developers do not offer anything. Of course, the year of the construction and the condition of the buildings will need to be assessed before a mortgage loan is issued. I am asking our colleagues to have a careful look into that.

We have discussed this in relation to other regions. Subsidised arrangements must definitely be allowed on the secondary market. Well, what if no new housing is built there? Please work it through. This decision must be made.

The housing issue is the key to improving the demographic situation. Families in the Far East are paid one million rubles for the third baby, rather than 450,000 rubles as in the rest of the country, which makes perfect sense. All of that together produces the result that I just talked about. Young people are coming here.

Initially, this support mechanism was introduced in the Primorye Territory, and then in seven more regions. Twenty-five percent more third and subsequent babies are born into Far Eastern families than the national average. It is also a telling indicator. Since this payment of one million rubles is used to pay off mortgage loans, I think the right thing to do is to make the Far Eastern and Arctic mortgage programme available to all families in the region with three or more children. To reiterate, to all large families, regardless of the age of the parents. We had a cap of 35 years. But now women give birth at 35, 40, and even older. God bless them. The more babies we have, the better.

Of course, Far Eastern families, families with children should be provided with social facilities such as outpatient clinics, kindergartens, schools, and hospitals.

Building such facilities at the expense of businesses, or more precisely, strategic partners that carry out major investment projects and conduct large-scale production operations in a particular population centre is a popular approach in remote Far Eastern urban and rural areas.

As a reminder, last year we agreed to create such a convenient mechanism, so that businesses could use their own funds to build social facilities when they are building their production facilities. They would build social facilities concurrently and then transfer them to regional or municipal authorities and have their expenses reimbursed. How will the reimbursement work? By way of future tax deductions when an enterprise becomes operational.

I would like the Government and the VEB.RF corporation – Mr Shuvalov, please note that – launch this tool widely and use budget resources that are set aside to cover investment tax deductions. Without a doubt, public-private partnerships and concessions should be used widely as well.

In this regard, I count on VEB’s energetic participation in further improving concession and PPP mechanisms. I am talking about creating a national standard and financing model in this area, which should ensure transparency and a common understanding of the terms of public/private partnership in socially important projects. This is a simple mechanism, and there is nothing important here. The budget will not be overly burdened by it. It is a quite feasible project.

Colleagues,

The Russian Far East and the Asia-Pacific region as a whole is an area of dynamic change and burgeoning growth. We should maintain high rates of positive change, improve the structure of the domestic economy, increase the technological efficiency of all spheres of life, and more effectively use the resource, production, logistics, and research potential that the Far Eastern regions and the country as a whole possess.

To be able to do this, we need to widely implement bold innovative solutions. All of that must be reflected in the regulatory framework and business environment, as we continue addressing issues that define the quality of life of our citizens. All of that should be done in a timely manner.

Such approaches have proven themselves in the Far East and the Arctic. We will continue developing them and adjusting them to the needs of people and the needs of businesses and regions. We will use them to ensure Russia’s national interests.

Of course, the success of this work largely relies on a systematic and comprehensive approach, the ability to look forward, to see prospects, to set big goals, and to set the plans to achieve them. Based on the outcomes of this forum, I am asking the Government to approve a long-term Strategy for the Development of the Far Eastern Federal District to 2036. Please do that within the next 12 months.

Much is being done in the Far East and the Arctic, and a lot more will need to be accomplished. Importantly, and I want our foreign friends to hear me, we are open to everyone who is willing to take part in this work.

Thank you for your attention. Thank you.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you very much, Mr Putin.

I have a quick question to follow up on that. The Far East will be just fine near-term and long-term as well. We can breathe a sigh of relief.

Traditionally, we have two main economic forums in Russia: the Far Eastern Forum, which has always been oriented towards Asia and the Pacific region, and the St Petersburg Forum, which, I think, has always served as a platform, or a small window to Europe.

If you look at our main symbol – the double-headed eagle – it also looks to the West and to the East. You had quite a fulfilling trip to China for the SCO summit. One can get an impression that the eagle is now looking to the East with its both heads.

A group photo of you, Xi Jinping, and Narendra Modi has made it to tabloids around the world. It was dubbed a new alliance of the elephant, the dragon and the bear. My question is: what place does the bear have in this alliance? What is it in this group?

Vladimir Putin: A bear is a bear.

Maria Rybakova: But bear is a fairly tough animal, Mr Putin.

Vladimir Putin: You just said that our eagle is looking to the East and to West. But there is also South.

Maria Rybakova: Alright, let us say the eagle is looking southeast.

Vladimir Putin: I have discussed this issue with my colleagues many times. What I was saying is that our interaction, our expanded interaction and joint work with our friends from the Asia-Pacific region and the Global South has nothing to do with the current political developments.

Look, President Xi Jinping and I took up this major effort 20 years ago. It has nothing to do with the current circumstances, but is related to our respective national interests. Our economies are complementary, we are neighbours, and we share many common interests, common approaches, and common values. To be sure, traditional values.

We, in Russia, knew the inner workings of the global economy. What are they? The whole world knows well that it is growing at a fast pace featuring new areas of focus and growth points. Naturally, we are guided by this, all the more so as we enjoy excellent neighbourly relations with many countries, including the People’s Republic of China, India, and Indonesia. Please note the pace of growth in these countries: Indonesia has almost 300 million people. That is quite a market.

There are small, but rapidly growing countries, such as Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam, with which we have had special relations for decades. Why would we not put all of that to good use? It is a natural thing to do. This is not a pivot anywhere. It is simply an answer to objective processes occurring around the world and in the global economy.

We have never refused to cooperate with those who wish to work with us, including in other countries across Asia. At the moment, I simply do not want to put anyone in a difficult or awkward position. Companies from certain countries that face some problems due to the current political circumstances have not left our market; they are still there, they continue to operate and even seek to expand cooperation.

For political reasons, many European companies have exited – yes, at a loss to themselves. We are aware of this and remain in contact; many are eager to return as soon as political restrictions are lifted. We do not turn our backs on anyone. Contrary to suggestions that we are “looking elsewhere,” we are not… Our foreign and economic policies remain stable and predictable.

In my view, this represents a clear competitive advantage, as stability is crucial for business. We have not turned away anyone or forced anyone out. Those who wish to return are always welcome, but based on the conditions that are developing at the moment.

Regarding the dragon and the elephant dancing together – this analogy was originally made by President Xi Jinping, not me – later the bear was added. The bear, of course, symbolises Russia. But we are staying in the Far East, and here we also have the world’s largest tiger – the Ussuri tiger, which is a Russian tiger.

Maria Rybakova: Continuing with the theme of returns:

Overall, it seems to me that there is a global trend towards protectionism. In other words, it appears that many countries prefer focusing inward, supporting domestic business rather than attracting external competitors. I want to emphasise that this is just my observation and my opinion – I am not an economist and would like to hear your opinion.

What do you think: is this policy, which seems to be actively pursued in some countries, beneficial or not?

Vladimir Putin: This approach is harmful, both to those who adopt it and to the global economy and international trade. It fosters separatism, both regional and national. Nothing positive comes from pursuing such a policy, as today’s world is highly interconnected and driven by possibilities and technological development. Isolating oneself within a purely national framework is difficult and counterproductive, as it inevitably undermines competitiveness.

We proceed from the fact that Russia is open to cooperation with all countries of the world, and above all with those who are willing to work with us, with our friends. At the same time, we are not shutting ourselves off from anyone. I believe the vast majority of those who are present here, if not everyone, will agree with me: such openness is beneficial to everyone who adheres to this point of view and this policy.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: As they say in such cases – thank you for your support.

Maria Rybakova: Exactly. Thank you for your support.

Next, I would like to turn it over to the Prime Minister of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Mr Sonexay Siphandone, please come up to the podium. You have the floor.

Prime Minister of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic Sonexay Siphandone (retranslated): Your Excellency Mr Putin, President of the Russian Federation.

Ladies and gentlemen.

It is a genuine joy and honour for me to participate in this forum. I was very happy to receive an invitation from President Putin and to come to Vladivostok. This is my first time in this city.

On behalf of the Government and the people of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to His Excellency President Putin and the Government of the Russian Federation for the warm welcome extended to me and our delegation.

I would also like to thank you for the excellent organisation of the 10^th Eastern Economic Forum. I am absolutely sure that this forum is an important driving force in promoting cooperation in the sphere of economy, social development, and cultural interaction. This forum contributes to improving the quality of life in the Russian Far East and in the Asia-Pacific region as a whole.

Our meeting today clearly demonstrates Russia’s leading role as it strives to promote international cooperation within bilateral and multilateral formats. This also applies to political and economic interaction, as well as to promoting innovative technologies and designs.

Today, we have found ourselves in an extremely difficult situation, where changes in the international arena are absolutely unpredictable due to the geopolitical situation, with existing problems, primarily caused by protectionist measures that some countries are introducing in an attempt to compete and even hinder the growth, accelerated growth of other countries.

This is aggravated by a number of other problems, including natural disasters, climate change, exceedingly rapid development of modern technologies, and innovative technological solutions, especially the introduction of artificial intelligence.

We are facing the problem of instability on the energy and raw materials markets. Food also poses certain problems. We are witnessing crises in this area as well.

These problems must be solved in order to ensure global peace, prosperity and stability now and in the future. In order to solve all these problems, we must cooperate. We must use the existing consultative, multilateral and bilateral mechanisms that are based on the principles of mutual respect and compliance with international law. This is an important mechanism that often requires certain reforms in order to properly reflect the current situation and to meet its challenges.

The theme of this year’s forum is “cooperation for peace and prosperity.” This choice is highly relevant in today’s circumstances, because without peace, prosperity cannot be achieved. Conversely, without prosperity, peace cannot be truly sustainable or lasting. That is why we must work together to ensure that the concepts of prosperity and peace go hand in hand.

Your Excellency, ladies and gentlemen,

The Far East brings together a number of countries with enormous potential. We can see that the Russian Federation plays a key role as a driving force for strengthening cooperation in this region, both in bilateral and multilateral formats.

Above all, associations such as BRICS, the Asia-Europe cooperation framework, the SCO, and others contribute significantly to advancing regional economic cooperation. These formats are based on the principles of mutual respect and the independence of their members.

Laos also seeks to promote cooperation within the framework of open and inclusive mechanisms. We believe that only through such cooperation can we find effective solutions to modern challenges. It is essential to make use of international mechanisms that continue to remain relevant in addressing these problems.

For the Government of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, it is essential to create a more favourable economic environment for attracting investment and expanding trade.

Among other measures, we are working to establish and develop special economic zones and industrial parks across the country. We have also eliminated unnecessary bureaucratic barriers in order to make the process of attracting direct foreign investment as comfortable and transparent as possible.

We have also updated the investment law, introducing a number of provisions that make investing in our country more attractive to both domestic and international partners.

Our focus is on the most promising sectors: agriculture, renewable energy, geological exploration, manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, education, technology, services, tourism, transport, infrastructure projects, and logistics.

I would also like to stress that Laos is the only ASEAN member state without access to the sea. This makes it especially important for us to maximise the advantages of our strategic geographical position. Our goal is to ensure connectivity through land transport routes and thereby contribute to the development of logistics across the region as a whole.

Our government makes considerable investment in infrastructure and the construction of high-speed railroads across the entire country. We also continue to extend transport and logistics connectivity with friendly countries to become a regional hub for investment and trade. Tourism obviously plays a major role in that respect.

It is thanks to such policy and measures that the Lao People’s Democratic Republic has earned trust and recognition at regional and international platforms. I would like to note that Laos held the 2024 ASEAN presidency during which we identified nine priority tracks.

All of them concerned the promotion of greater connectivity and sustainability of the region built around ASEAN’s three major principles. We had a very fruitful ASEAN presidency, and we remain loyal to the declared principles, namely, the principle of ASEAN’s central role.

Today we can safely say that ASEAN is a community which has proved its commitment to peace and regional cooperation, acting invariably in the spirit of mutual assistance, in accordance with the path ASEAN has chosen.

Therefore, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic believes that enhancing ASEAN requires the promotion of economic cooperation and connectivity in the overall region. We will continue to augment regional integration and connectivity.

Your Excellency,

ladies and gentlemen,

The Lao People’s Democratic Republic is open for cooperation with all countries to achieve the goals of promoting peace, stability, prosperity and wellbeing in the region and worldwide.

It is in this spirit that I would like to invite you all to visit Laos so as to learn about our rich culture and beautiful nature as well as to see your potential in fostering cooperation and making investment in our country.

Also, on behalf of the Government and the people of Laos, I wish every success to the 10^th Eastern Economic Forum here in Vladivostok. I hope it will remain a venue for free exchange of opinions, for cooperation and building a future where all countries have equal opportunities.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to President Putin, and thank and congratulate him on the successful holding of the forum.

Your Excellency, ladies and gentlemen, I wish you all good health and successful performance of all your duties.

Thank you for your attention.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you very much for your kind words. Thank you for the invitation, I will gladly accept it as I have never been to Laos.

In addition to what you have told us now, I would like to separately discuss an amazing thing. You are now the biggest exporter of electrical power. You are even nicknamed as a Southeast Asia battery.

How did you manage to increase it in such amounts so fast? Respectively, we may also learn on your example, the more so as Vladimir Putin said we must also build hydroelectric power stations and increase the fuel and energy complex in every possible way.

I beg your pardon, we have technical issues with translation.

Mr Putin, I will have to ask you then. Yesterday, you had a major meeting, where you discussed the fuel and energy complex in the Far East, and the importance of investing in expanding it.

My main question is where will the money come from? We are talking enormous amounts of funds, the volumes are large, and the goals you have set are, let us say, quite serious.

Vladimir Putin: Money is always important, but not the main thing. The main thing is to properly organise work, to identify priorities, and to establish interaction between various entities that have been assigned a common task.

This common task is for the regional authorities to, on the one hand, come to terms with investors and, on the other hand, investors must guarantee – some of our colleagues present here, for sure, are planning to do something – and these investors must guarantee the consumption of this energy, meaning that those who will produce it must be sure that as they invest money in creating energy capacities and grid facilities, their efforts will not be in vain, and things will not hang up after they spend their money.

The first thing that needs to be done is to organise joint work, and then to look for the latest technologies and investors who are ready to use these technologies in conjunction with the oversight organisations in charge of monitoring the fragile ecosystem of the Arctic and the Far East. This is the common task.

In that case, money will not be a problem, because the invested funds will pay back quickly. Ultimately, this will benefit the budget as well, since it will receive more tax revenue from the effective and competently organised work at new enterprises.

Maria Rybakova: What about supporting the industries? I mean the coal industry which is going through difficult times. You mentioned gas yesterday and said that we may face gas shortages in the Far East and volumes must be increased. How do you see solutions to these problems in these particular industries and who should we start with?

Vladimir Putin: You mentioned coal miners, who, like you said, are going through difficult times. Times are difficult in the sense that our coal mining industry is large, and the situation on international markets has changed, but we must largely focus on the domestic needs and the domestic market. This is my first point.

Second, to reiterate, we possess large amounts of coal in the Far East that will last 900 years. In order for us to use them effectively, we need the latest technologies. This is what we need to focus on in the first place.

If the domestic market consumes the volumes we need, we will be able to use it effectively, and we will simply have no difficulties with the situation on international markets, since it will be irrelevant. We will then be able to regulate the work of all industries, including coal mining, in the ordinary course of business. This is what we should strive for, and this is one of our critical goals.

The situation on international markets matters, no doubt about it, and we must take it into account. But in order to be more flexible and more sustainable, we must rely primarily on the domestic market.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you.

I would like to invite our next speaker. Prime Minister of Mongolia, Gombojavyn Zandanshatar, you have the floor.

Prime Minister of Mongolia Gombojavyn Zandanshatar (retranslated): Esteemed President of the Russian Federation, Mr Putin,

Esteemed Prime Minister of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic Sonexay Siphandone, esteemed Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Li Hongzhong!

Ladies and gentlemen!

Allow me to extend my greetings.

Mr Putin, I would like to sincerely thank you for your kind invitation to participate in the Eastern Economic Forum, which grows in significance and scale with each passing year. It is a great honour for me to take part in the jubilee tenth Eastern Economic Forum as the head of the executive power of Mongolia.

The regular assembly of the Eastern Economic Forum, along with its discussions on key issues of international and regional economic development, investment, infrastructure, energy, and environmental cooperation, is of great importance for shaping the future trajectories of our countries. This has firmly established the forum as a vital mechanism for dialogue in the Asia-Pacific region. I am confident it will continue to serve as an authoritative platform for meaningful discussions.

This year’s theme – Far East: Cooperation for Peace and Prosperity – is both timely and highly relevant. I believe that our deliberations here will help chart new avenues for joint development.

Amid large-scale political, social, and economic changes on the global stage, our countries are facing complex challenges in the social and economic spheres, including rising prices and persistent logistical and financial difficulties.

I am confident that the Far Eastern region – home to the majority of the world’s population and accounting for one-third of global GDP – will play a decisive role in the future. For this reason, Mongolia is keen to deepen trade and economic ties and to expand investment, particularly with the states of East and Southeast Asia.

Along with our geographical advantages, Mongolia boasts abundant natural resources as well as a young and skilled workforce. The Government of Mongolia has been pursuing consistent policies to harness these assets, attract investment, and foster trade and cooperation, and these efforts are already delivering results. Over the past three years, our economy has grown at an average annual rate of six percent, contributing to the region’s stable development.

The Government will continue its work on diversifying the economy, strengthening macroeconomic stability, creating a favorable business climate, and enhancing the openness of foreign trade.

Ladies and gentlemen,

We are currently celebrating the 80th anniversary of the end of the Second World War, an event that has been ingrained forever in the history of humankind including the peoples of Mongolia, Russia and China.

Our countries, eternal neighbours and strategic partners, keep strengthening and fostering bilateral and trilateral relations, overcoming all barriers, as we are set on expanding mutually beneficial cooperation.

Ten years ago, the three countries’ leaders signed a roadmap of cooperation between Mongolia, Russia and China, and identified the priorities of trilateral interaction. Several days ago – in fact, three days ago – the leaders had a meeting in China to discuss further cooperation plans.

I want to stress that Mongolia is ready to actively participate in the alignment of the Steppe Road Initiative, the Eurasian Economic Union, the Belt and Road Initiative, and also to promote and deepen the implementation of the economic corridor with Russia and China. We will ensure stable and fruitful participation on this track.

The programme of establishing an economic corridor Mongolia-Russia-China designed to develop and enhance comprehensive cooperation within the strategic partnership between Mongolia, Russia and China, will definitely enhance political trust, attract investment and contribute to regional integration. In this context, Mongolia has always had highest regard for the significance of and prospects for the 33 projects of the economic corridor. We believe that laying foundations for mutually beneficial cooperation, especially in road transport, helps attract investment from international banks and financial institutions. Regular trilateral meetings on the implementation of these projects also promote their advancement.

The parties have also agreed in principle on another major project – construction of a gas pipeline across the territory of Mongolia. I would like to declare with full responsibly from this rostrum that the Mongolian government is committed to rendering every possible support to this mega project. We believe this project will unveil new economic opportunities, will be beneficial for the environment and strategically important. It will become a project of great significance for trilateral cooperation.

Esteemed Mr Putin, I express sincere gratitude to Alexei Miller for this project. Thank you.

In addition, our countries are also discussing an upgrade of the central transport corridor connecting our three nations, setting up new railway interchanges and the development of cross border checkpoints which meet international standards. These are all strategically important and economically advantageous projects. We think the implementation of these programmes and projects contributes to expanding trade and transport links between Russia, China, Asia and Europe and also steps up regional cooperation.

An interim agreement on free trade between Mongolia and the Eurasian Economic Union and its member states was signed at the meeting of the Eurasian Economic Commission Supreme Council in Minsk last June. Under the agreement, tariffs were cut on 367 goods and temporary customs duties on some goods were completely scrapped, which was in important step forward in regional economic integration.

Ladies and gentlemen,

The Eastern Economic Forum will help open up new opportunities to fight crises in the Far East, Asia and the Pacific Region, invigorate regional cooperation in the economy and other areas, and also launch new important joint projects and programmes.

We are totally ready to expand cooperation and to advance the development of the region together. Over the past time, we have initiated a multitude of programmes and measures to enhance integration. Stepping up these efforts, filling them with new content will definitely serve our common interests.

I wish all the participants of the Eastern Economic Forum success, achievements in work, and good health.

Thank you.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you very much.

I have a follow-up question. Mr Gombojavyn Zandanshatar, you mentioned the Power of Siberia. Mongolia took an active part in the SCO Summit when a trilateral meeting was held.

I have the following question – I was looking for information which was not available until now – will you buy our gas or will you render transit services only?

Gombojavyn Zandanshatar (retranslated): We are engaged in trilateral efforts to lay that gas pipeline from Russia across Mongolia to China. At present, all technical and economic aspects have been completed, including research.

It is a large-scale trilateral project. The parties agreed in principle on laying this gas pipeline.

I can say with all responsibility that we are fully prepared for the construction. We attach great importance to laying this pipeline in a proper way. At today’s meeting with Alexei Miller we had a detailed discussion of all the relevant issues, how to implement this project efficiently and without any failures, and also to ink a trilateral intergovernmental agreement.

Mongolia is not only a transit country. It can also buy and consume natural gas, connect its big cities to this gas pipeline, that is, build a gas distribution network. It will contribute to industrial development and mitigate environmental disasters such as winter smog in Ulaanbaatar, and will offer new opportunities for Mongolia’s economy. It will become a strategically crucial natural resource to solve current issues. Under the project, 50 billion cubic metres of gas will be transferred by that pipeline annually. It is evidently one of the biggest projects of the century. I believe it will also involve a lot of organisational efforts.

I would like to thank and congratulate everyone on this project.

Maria Rybakova: So are you ready to buy gas?

Gombojavyn Zandanshatar: Research work is currently underway. The devil is in the details, that’s why more research and discussions are needed.

Maria Rybakova (addressing Alexei Miller): I ask you to place it on record, Mr Miller, that I have just reached an agreement, as it appears.

Mr Putin, obviously, the next question is a logical follow-up on our discussion of the Power of Siberia. The memorandum has been signed and caused a stir. Everybody had a sigh of relief, as it seemed to me. The term of the agreement is 30 years. I have not seen the specific price. As I understand, it must be a commercial secret, yet they say that the prices will be lower than in Europe, at least.

There was a Soviet joke that we are giving our oil to Europe through “Friendship.” What do you think, are we going to give the “power” of our Siberia to China?

Vladimir Putin: This is a mutually beneficial project.

As for prices, they are based on the market and are actually estimated using the same formula as for Europe. The formula is the same but its components, the prices of various products, which make up the gas price, they are simply different in different regions of the world. The prices in Europe differ from those in Asia. And the formula to determine the price is the same, it is absolutely market-based.

We had long talks and every time when participants in the economic activity are talking and trying to find a solution – and most of the people here are like those – everybody understands well enough: this is not an easy process yet everybody is striving to reach the result both negotiating sides are interested in.

Gazprom and its Chinese partners have reached such a result in the course of their years-long efforts. I can only congratulate them all once again. It is really one of the major energy projects in the world.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you.

Since we have approached the energy projects anyway, I still want to listen to the story about how Laos managed to make such a stride. I want to ask how you could become the main power source? I understand that our technical issues have now been resolved. Mr Sonexay Siphandone, please tell us the secret of your energy market. How did you manage to achieve such great results? Why does everybody want to connect to your power source?

Sonexay Siphandone (retranslated): Thank you very much for your question.

This is a very important question. We consider the electric power to be a priority area for us, like oil and natural gas. The thing is that we are a country that purchases 100 percent of its oil and gas, and for this reason the electric power is important for us, and it is also green power. Our government encourages a broader use of electric power.

We also regard the development of hydropower engineering as a priority, as we have abundant water resources and many rivers in our country. All this allows us to build a large number of hydroelectric power plants. Ninety-five percent of the energy that we produce comes from hydropower engineering. The total capacity exceeds 12 million megawatts. We plan to increase this figure to 30 million megawatts.

Still, given the climate changes and other calamities, the problem looks still greater for us, especially during the rain and draught seasons. This is why we resort to other, alternative energy sources. Specifically, we use wind and the solar energy.

We would like to thank President Putin, after our President visited Russia at the end of July. During the talks, peaceful use of nuclear energy was discussed, as well as the use of nuclear energy products in medicine. We talked about cooperation in agriculture. I firmly believe that cooperation with the Russian Federation will make it possible for us to develop our energy sector, and it will develop in a more stable manner. Moreover, we will ensure stability in the production and consumption of energy.

Of course, we cannot speak for entire Asia, but given our development priorities, we focus on advancing technology and science. We are creating a network of metadata centres to develop the ICT sector, and all of this requires energy. Therefore, we give priority to meeting domestic demand for energy and then export energy to neighbouring countries.

We are developing a power transmission network in order to cover more Asian countries.

Previously, we exported electricity to Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand. We also exported electricity to Singapore and Malaysia. Nowadays, we are beginning the second stage of all these projects. Yes, these are all priority areas for us, but, I repeat, energy must be provided first for our own domestic consumption and also meet the needs of neighbouring countries if we export this electricity there. There are very good prospects for our sector. I have just described them.

Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: We are discussing cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. You keep bringing me back to cooperation, say, with our friends and allies in the People’s Republic of China. We have not yet talked about India: there are many plans there, too. But the Asia-Pacific region also includes, say, the United States. And there are many interested parties there who want to resume or begin new work with us.

We are talking about the Asia-Pacific region. We have received excellent proposals for working with US companies in Alaska: they have resources there, and we have technologies for extracting and liquefying gas that are much more effective than those that some of our American partners have. They know this, and at the level of economic players, companies are ready for cooperation. It does not depend on us. We are also ready, but if any political decisions are made there, we will move in this direction, and we can work together in the Arctic, too.

By the way, we have already discussed possible work in a trilateral format on some of our Arctic fields with our Chinese friends. In fact, all these options are being discussed, they are on the table. We only need a political decision. This is possible, and cooperation in both gas and oil would be mutually beneficial.

Maria Rybakova: Mr Putin, what do you think is the obstacle now preventing us from starting this as soon as possible? What is putting spokes in our wheels?

Vladimir Putin: This is not a question for me. We are not putting spokes or anything in any wheels.

Maria Rybakova: I see.

Vladimir Putin: Initially, you asked about our eagle, which is one of our symbols. It looks in one direction and in the opposite. Look at the eagle now. Did we turn away from anyone? No, we did not turn away from anyone. The eagle continues to look both ways.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you.

I would like to give the floor to Li Hongzhong, member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.

Please, the floor is yours.

Li Hongzhong (retranslated): President Putin, Prime Minister Siphandone of Laos, Prime Minister Zandanshatar of Mongolia.

Ladies and gentlemen, friends,

I am delighted to meet you all in Vladivostok, the pearl of the Russian Far East, at the 10th Eastern Economic Forum.

This year marks the Forum’s tenth anniversary. A decade ago, thanks to the initiative of President Putin and his personal support, the Forum’s remarkable journey began here.

Over the past nine years of dedicated work, the Forum has grown into a vital platform for fostering cooperation in the Far East and advancing regional development.

It has become a powerful driver for unlocking the potential of the Russian Far East and strengthening the economy of Northeast Asia.

Over the past nine years, we have witnessed not only the growth of the Forum, but also remarkable progress and breakthroughs in the history of China–Russia relations. Under the strategic guidance of President Xi Jinping and President Vladimir Putin, political mutual trust has deepened steadily, while comprehensive cooperation between our two countries has continued to expand.

The breadth, depth, and high quality of our bilateral cooperation reflect the vitality of interregional ties and exchanges. In this context, I would like to highlight the strong momentum of cooperation within the Northeast China – Russian Far East framework, made possible by the personal attention and efforts of our two heads of state.

For many years, China has remained the largest trading partner and leading external investor in the Russian Far East. In 2024, trade under the Northeast China – Russian Far East framework reached $105.8 billion, representing 43 percent of total bilateral trade and serving as a key driving force in China–Russia economic relations.

Ladies and gentlemen,

Friends,

This year marks the 80^th anniversary of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Great Patriotic War, and the world war against fascism. Eighty years ago, in the face of the evil forces of fascism, China, the Soviet Union, and other peace-loving countries and peoples stood firm in defending historical truth and justice, and delivered a decisive rebuff.

China and the Soviet Union, as the principal theatres of World War II in Asia and Europe, endured enormous sacrifices and made a historic contribution to the victory in the world anti-fascist war.

In May and September, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Vladimir Putin took part in the celebrations of the victory anniversary in Moscow and Beijing. They defended the outcomes of World War II and the principles of international justice while calling on the entire world to remember history and open a path to the future.

Ladies and gentlemen,

Friends,

Today, the world is undergoing profound and accelerating changes. Global challenges are not diminishing, and the lack of global governance is becoming increasingly acute. Many issues transcend the internal affairs of individual states and cannot be resolved by any country alone.

Just a few days ago, President Xi Jinping put forward an initiative on global governance at the SCO Plus meeting. This initiative focuses on the vital question of what kind of global governance system should be created, and how it can be reformed and improved.

This represents China’s vision for effectively addressing global challenges and deepening international cooperation. It reflects the expectations of many stakeholders, demonstrates the responsibility of a major power, and expresses its desire to build a community of shared destiny for humankind.

China and Russia are influential powers and constructive forces supporting global strategic stability and advancing global governance. We are ready to fully leverage the advantages that our two neighbouring countries enjoy, and to strengthen close and united cooperation with all regional partners, including Russia, in the spirit of joint consultations, joint construction, and shared benefit. Together, we can move toward a bright future of peaceful development and mutually beneficial cooperation. In this context, I would like to offer the following opinion.

First – peace and stability contribute to development. Peaceful, stable and prosperous Northeast Asia meets the interests of all the countries in the region and is a common dream of its peoples. China has long been pursuing the path of amicability and establishing neighbourly, partner relations with adjacent nations, supporting the countries of the region in selecting a development path consonant with their national realities. We are ready to deepen mutual political trust and alignment of interests, jointly safeguard the regional stability and respond to common risks and challenges.

Second – openness and tolerance contribute to prosperity. As the Chinese adage goes, ‘Openness leads to progress while isolation – to lagging behind.’ Amid current globalisation, none of the countries is progressing alone. We back up an open, transparent, inclusive and non-discriminatory multilateral trade system and advocate the creation of an open-type regional economy, unlocking the potential of natural peculiarities and the geographical advantages of the world’s countries. We are ready – through joint consultations, joint construction and joint use – to strengthen cooperation in production and supply chains, remove protectionism, assist in the free movement of capital, market and technologies for the sake of economic integration in the region.

Third – reciprocal exchange and assimilation contribute to cementing mutual understanding. Spiritual bonding of nations is a foundation for friendly relations between our countries. Our countries are bonded by common mountains and rivers, our cultures influence each other. Our peoples maintain close ties while our friendship is rooted in the past.

We need to continue this friendly timeline, deepen reciprocal exchanges and training, enhance cooperation in tourism, education, youth affairs, culture and art. We need to make people’s trips easier so as to foster neighbourliness and friendship.

Ladies and gentlemen,

Friends,

A Chinese adage says, ‘When everyone’s efforts are joined, victory is inevitable.’ Peace and prosperity in our region are inseparable from each party’s efforts. China is ready “to open its doors” so as to share new development opportunities with all countries of the world on the basis of the news results of China’s modernisation and China’s greater openness.

We are ready to promote neighbourliness and friendship, strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation for the sake of joint usage of the results of the development of all the region’s countries for our wonderful common future.

I wish all the participants fruitful work. Thank you for your attention.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you very much.

Right after your remarks, I would like to touch upon your meeting yesterday, which focused on Russia’s reciprocal decision to abolish visas. We discussed this earlier, and you mentioned during your visit to China that China introduced a visa-free arrangement for Russians.

My immediate question is this: While expanded tourism will certainly benefit both countries’ economies and cultural ties, the main concern remains, Mr President, which is the matter of payments.

For example, I want to visit China as a tourist, but I don’t have a Visa card, and my Mastercard is blocked here. I got a UnionPay card issued about three years ago, but it no longer works. Today, very few banks can issue such cards, and those that do are ruble-based, meaning payments are made in rubles. The only option is to carry cash and exchange it or find a more creative solution. Unfortunately, I haven’t mastered cryptocurrency yet.

Are there any preconditions for making the system of payments between our countries more transparent and accessible?

I would like to pose the same question, in turn, to Mr Li Hongzhong.

Vladimir Putin: First of all, I would like to emphasise that the decision by China’s political leadership – clearly made at the highest level – allowing visa-free entry for Russian citizens into the People’s Republic of China came as a complete surprise to us. We had no prior knowledge of it, and it was especially welcome.

Naturally, this decision is a strong sign of friendship, which we deeply appreciate. It will undoubtedly lead to a significant increase in mutual travel, create more favourable conditions for businesses, and further strengthen the ties between our two countries. This is simply self-evident.

To travel to any country, including China, an ordinary person usually needs to visit several authorities, submit documents, and go through various formalities. Now, with this visa-free arrangement, one can simply board a plane and fly – no bureaucracy. Right? This will undoubtedly bring our two countries closer together. Naturally, we will respond in kind to this gesture of friendship and adopt the same measures.

Regarding tourist travel, it is true that the system of payments needs further improvement. We are working on this intensively. Our financial institutions of the highest level are attending to this matter, along with commercial banks.

I do not want to make more comments at the moment, so as not to create any difficulties for future decisions. This is also connected with the need to respect the interests of financial institutions operating under sanctions pressure. Nevertheless, possible solutions do exist.

We are perfectly aware that steps must be taken for tourists to have as few difficulties as possible. They can certainly use our Mir payment card, and similar Chinese instruments. These payment instruments can be aligned, third countries’ bank cards can also be used. I assure you that the central banks of both countries are working on this and will find a solution.

The heads of the financial institutions discussed all these issues in my presence and in the presence of President Xi Jinping right now, during our delegation’s visit to the Chinese People’s Republic. They are maintaining a dialogue and keep discussing this matter.

I am confident that decisions are forthcoming.

Maria Rybakova: OK, then we’ll be waiting.

Mr Li Hongzhong, we would like to hear a comment on the matter from the Chinese side.

Li Hongzhong (retranslated): Thank you for your question.

The Chinese Government is introducing a visa-free regime for Russian citizens. These are important outcomes and agreements between our heads of state. It is a meaningful sign of enhanced large-scale progress in the Russian-Chinese relations.

I have attentively followed President’s Putin’s reply. I think President Putin’s answer is very professional and sets benchmarks for further development.

I will not go into detail either, but I think, since our countries will meticulously work out all the issues together, we are sure to remove difficulties and technical issues related to payments. Therefore, we are confident we will achieve our goals.

For example, circulation of Chinese currencies and payments. Of course, we hardly use cash now in China, we use our telephones for payments. This is a hard time for thieves because we do not use cash, it’s just a payment method.

When I arrived in Vladivostok, I also had a good impression because I used my telephone here just like in Beijing. It means we already have good alignment in telecommunications.

We also have to work on financial communications at the next stage. I think that we will certainly reach these goals through joint efforts.

I have just mentioned Russian-Chinese cooperation. I said we need to ensure the free movement of capital, markets and people. I firmly believe that we will definitely solve this issue.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you for the answer.

Well, it looks like my only hope is the QR codes, no other options.

Then, I want to come over from a good and friendly agenda to a not so friendly agenda and travel to the other part of the planet. As a matter of principle, you have answered media questions at the news conference in China just the day before. I mean the Ukraine crisis and everything concerning relations with America, everything happening in the area of the special military operation.

Just yesterday, another meeting of the ‘coalition of the willing’ was concluded in Paris. Basically, I didn’t see any specific decisions taken at the end of it. So far, it's just talk about deploying military forces in Ukraine. But Donald Trump said he would call. First question: has he called yet? And the second question: What do you think about the decisions proposed by the other side?

Vladimir Putin: We have an open dialogue with President Trump. We have agreed to call each other, if need be, and talk. He knows that I am open to such talks, as well as he is – I know it. However, so far, based on the results of these consultations in Europe, we have not had any discussions. Actually, it was difficult for me to do this, as I have just arrived from China and am here now. We have no communication problems here. This is the first point.

Second, regarding possible military contingents in Ukraine. This is one on the basic reasons for dragging Ukraine into NATO. So, if any troops appear there, especially now, during combat operations, we will deem them legitimate targets for destruction.

And if any decisions leading to peace, a lasting peace, are achieved, then I will not see the sense of their deployment in Ukraine, that’s it.

If agreements are achieved, then no one should doubt that Russia will execute them in full. We will observe the security guarantees, which, of course, would be drafted both for Russia and Ukraine. And I will say it again: Russia will observe these agreements. Anyway, nobody has ever discussed it with us seriously, that’s that.

Maria Rybakova: Thus we will be waiting. Time will tell, as they say.

The next question is about peace settlement. You said earlier that you basically see a certain potential in this regard and even invited Vladimir Zelensky to Moscow. However, the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry has officially declined it. Do I take it right – or maybe I am wrong – that we cannot speak about any steps towards peace settlement in the nearest future?

Vladimir Putin: I would like you to stick closer to the topics of the Asia-Pacific economic cooperation. But I realise that without solving such acute problems, cooperation as a whole is burdened, so these are legitimate questions.

What can I say?

First, just recently the leadership of the Kiev regime spoke unflatteringly of us, to put it mildly, and excluded any possibility of direct contacts. Now we see that they are asking for such contacts, at least they are suggesting having them.

I have repeatedly said that I am ready for such contacts. At the news conference in Beijing that you mentioned I said that I do not see much sense in them. Why? Because it will be impossible to come to terms with the Ukrainian side on the key issues. Even if they have political will – which I doubt – there are legal and technical difficulties which are related to the fact that any agreements on territories must be confirmed, under the Ukrainian constitution, in a referendum. To hold a referendum, a martial law must be lifted, as referenda are not held under martial law. If martial law is lifted, presidential elections must be held right away. After the referendum, if it is held, regardless of its results, it must be endorsed by a Constitutional Court’s ruling. But the Constitutional Court is not functioning because, as I see it, after it received enquiries on the legitimacy of the incumbent authorities, the court dodged rulings while the head of the regime ordered the security guards not to let the Constitutional Court Chairman to his office. This is the kind of democracy they have there. Meanwhile the Supreme Court Chairman is in jail on corruption charges. It is common knowledge that corruption abounds in Ukraine. But is not clear why it is exactly the Supreme Court Chairman who should be put behind bars. Although it is clear that they have reached the point of destroying their judicial system as such. This is yet another vivid example of how “democratic” the current Ukrainian authorities are. So this is an endless process leading to nowhere. Nevertheless, we said that we are ready for a top-level meeting.

Look, the Ukrainian side wants this meeting and suggests it should be held. I said, ‘I am ready, please come, we will certainly provide proper conditions for work and security, with a 100 percent guarantee.’ But if we are told, ‘We want to meet with you, but you should go to some place for this meeting,’ I think these are just excessive demands towards us.

Let me reiterate – if someone really wants to meet with us, we are ready. The best place for it is the capital of the Russian Federation, the hero city of Moscow.

Maria Rybakova: Mr Putin, thank you for the answer.

May I ask one more question? And then we will definitely switch to the Far East.

Vladimir Putin: Go ahead.

Maria Rybakova: I would like to go back to the root causes of the special military operation.

Literally, during the same news conference, you said you saw no obstacles and had no problem with Ukraine accessing the EU. That same day, a statement by former Ukrainian President Yanukovich was released. He enjoyed support at the time, and we got along with him just fine. I understood that he also always said that he wanted and looked to the West. Maybe, I misunderstood it. Were you talking about the same thing, or not?

Vladimir Putin: I have no way of knowing how you understood it. I will tell you how things are, and things are as follows. Indeed, Ukraine set itself a goal – and still has it – to join the EU. To reiterate, this is Ukraine’s legitimate choice. It decides how to build its international relations, how to ensure its interests in the economic sphere, and whom to conclude alliances with.

The problem for us when Yanukovich was president was that Ukraine’s integration into the European system of economic relations entailed certain economic issues, because Ukraine was part of the free trade zone, our customs borders were open, and for us this implied certain consequences. Ukraine had to compare, put on the scales and see what it was losing in contacts with us in direct monetary and cooperative terms, and what it was gaining there. This is what President Yanukovich thought about. He ran the numbers and that made him cry, because opening markets to competitive, highly competitive European products was killing the manufacturing industry in Ukraine and shutting down cooperative and trade relations with Russia. That was the problem. As far as I remember, he did not say no to joining the EU, on the contrary, he wanted to join it. I do not know what he said, but I know for sure that he wanted it and was striving for it, but on terms that were acceptable to Ukraine.

It did not concern us in any way other that it affected our interests in cooperation ties. But otherwise, no problem, we have never objected to any integration moves in Ukraine’s policies with Europe.

Security issues are a different matter. President Yanukovich and Ukrainian prime minister were against drawing Ukraine into NATO. This issue directly affected us and continues to affect us from the point of view of ensuring Russia’s long-term security interests.

What happened next? As a result of the coup, they got Yanukovich out of power. They removed the person who was against Ukraine joining NATO, and used a bloody coup in Kiev to bring to power forces that advocated and continue to advocate for Ukraine’s NATO membership. This does not suit us at all.

Even though each country can choose how it prefers to ensure its own security, such issues cannot be addressed without regard for Russia’s security, because there is a general rule included in the European documents: the security of one country cannot be ensured at the expense of the security of another country.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you.

Russia, and especially the Far East – we are going to talk about wealth – naturally boasts enormous natural resources. This also applies to fish resources. Recently, I came across some interesting statistics, which I would like to share with you.

According to the data, in 2024, Russia’s crab exports to China reached a historic high of over 41,000 tonnes. For comparison: supplies of Russian crab to the domestic market over the same period amounted to about 8,000 tonnes. In other words, we have a sort of crab paradox: the crab really does walk sideways, bypassing us and heading instead to Korea, Japan, and China.

Do you think Russia has sufficient processing capacity at its ports to add value through processing, and supply it to the domestic market instead of just catching and auctioning it? After all, live crab is the most expensive product and, as far as I know, all live shipments are currently going in the opposite direction.

Vladimir Putin: It is not about prices, although that is certainly one of the key factors.

In order to improve and expand the supply of this product to Russian regions, the issue of logistics must first be resolved. We transport it by rail, which is costly, or by air, which is even more costly. That is the problem. Seafood – both fish and crab – ends up mainly in expensive restaurants. Why? Because it has to be flown in. If we could organise transportation and build logistics correctly, the situation would change.

However, I should note that fish products from the Far East – not only crab, but seafood in general – account for about 75 percent of the national catch, if I recall correctly. Of this, about 65 percent is also processed here.

Today, logistics is the most sensitive issue. We are working on it. We are giving it serious attention, and we will expand our capacity to distribute seafood, including crab, to all regions of the Russian Federation. This is indeed a problem.

Moreover, according to Ministry of Health standards, we are not yet meeting recommended levels of seafood and fish consumption. If I am not mistaken, the norm is 28 kg per capita per year, while today we are at around 23–23.5 kg. Clearly, there is work to be done here. We are thinking about it, and I hope this issue will be resolved.

Maria Rybakova: Wonderful.

Since we mentioned transport and accessibility, intraregional flights in the Russian Far East are not, of course, a matter of comfort but a matter of survival. There is simply no other way to reach some areas with such long distances.

I would like to tell you a brief story. I have a friend who lives in Khabarovsk. He needed to fly to Vladivostok but there were no direct tickets available. I think everybody who lives here knows how difficult it is to grab an intraregional flight ticket. And you wouldn’t want to drive 750 km. I hear from drivers they travel with two spare tyres just in case. Anyway, my friend bought a connecting flight through Moscow and flew from Khabarovsk first to Moscow, where he spent four hours in an airport, then boarded a plane and flew to Vladivostok. So, he did all that and, as their plane was approaching Vladivostok, due to adverse weather, their flight was diverted to a backup airfield in Khabarovsk. Overall, he spent 24 hours flying from Khabarovsk to Khabarovsk. Clearly, it is an anecdote but I think it explains a lot.

When do you think we can resolve the issue of medium-haul aircraft? Today, I’ve also come across news that the State Transport Leasing Company signed an agreement to lease 50 Baikal aircraft.

Perhaps I have missed something. Is Mr Trutnev here? I can’t see him. We have spoken and he told me that there is no such thing as a Baikal aircraft. They bought an aircraft that does not exist yet. I am a little confused. I don’t know, perhaps there is a reason to stop by the stand of the Prosecutor General’s Office? Do these aircraft exist or not, Mr President? And what are the prospects of intraregional flights in the Russian Far East?

Vladimir Putin: Unfortunately, although there was a rather decent local airline network set up in the Soviet times, it was lost in the 1990s. It was mostly neglected in the early 2000s, so people had to, and still have to, fly from one city, even if major, to another city via Moscow, like your friend. But we have already established a local airline. Of course, the key issue is the availability of medium-haul aircraft in sufficient quantity. The Government, the Ministry of Industry and Trade and our domestic enterprises have many plans in this area.

Unfortunately, I have to agree that this matter is taking longer than we wanted. But there is Baikal and other small aircraft that are to replace Antonov An-2. This is work in progress.

I will be honest, sometimes we argue with some of our responsible parties. They will have to expedite these efforts.

We have plans and specific models ready. They have been launched, and I have seen them in operation. The next step is serial production and supplies to airlines. We will certainly do all we can to speed up the process.

We are aware of this problem and of the fact that it still persists. We will keep on working on solutions.

I will not list everything. We have Baikal and many other aircraft models. I have seen them in operation. But serial production is not yet launched.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you very much.

In your speech, you mentioned investment growth; and indeed, foreign investment has increased over the past four years.

My question is this: if we look at the investment climate as a whole, foreign investment mainly comes from a few major countries, including China.

Also, it seemed to me that in your speech, you placed considerable emphasis on technological progress, underscoring the need to develop knowledge-intensive and complex industries. Yet, and this is no secret to anyone, investment is still largely directed toward commodity sectors such as mining, oil, gas, coal, and the infrastructure that supports them.

So, perhaps a logical question would be: is there a risk of falling into a commodity trap, where we would be perceived exclusively as an investment partner in these areas?

Vladimir Putin: No, there is no such trap or threat of falling into one. That risk would exist only if we did nothing. You paid attention to my speech, and one of my central – if not the main – arguments was precisely that: when it comes to investment, we must make the region as a whole more innovative.

This is not a problem of our partners that they tend to invest into the extraction of mineral resources. It is our problem. We should create conditions for the development of innovative sectors of the economy, and for people with the right expertise to come to work here. In fact, such a trend is already emerging, as I mentioned. Our task is to build the right environment.

I can assure you that our partners will be eager to invest in promising enterprises, provided that their implementation also brings them benefits. That is the only way it works; there is no alternative. I am confident that we can implement all of these plans.

By the way, we discussed these issues with our Chinese partners, our friends, in Beijing. Overall, we should organise our work, calibrating it to high technology economic sectors. This is what we are going to do. This is the only future for our economies and our countries, the foundation of our shared success. This certainly applies to the regions of the Far East as well.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you.

I would like to ask about the economy more broadly…

Vladimir Putin: One more thing about mineral resources – I have just looked at Mr Miller and recalled it – is that the concept that we can just drill a hole, and oil and gas will just pour through it is a primitive one. Mr Mikhelson here knows very well what liquefied natural gas is. The technologies he and his team have adopted do not exist anywhere else in the world. This is a high technology sector. And I say this without exaggeration, without hyperbole – it is the truth. The same applies to the gas sector as a whole.

Gazprom’s cooperation with our Chinese friends and partners is not limited to supply contracts. It is a genuine strategic partnership, which means that people are working together on technology-intensive industries, including gas. And there is plenty of work to be done to ensure the effectiveness and profitability for both suppliers and buyers. An extensive number of advanced technological solutions are necessary.

This work within the framework of strategic partnerships between interested companies has already been established and is underway. The only task now is to extend it to related and promising industries, such as artificial intelligence, and of course, we will do this.

We have agreements in the aviation industry with China as well. I am going to fly to another Russian city soon, where I will talk about engine manufacturing. There are plans to work on aviation, which is, by the way, well-represented in the Far East, including both military and civilian aircraft. Sukhoi Superjet 100 is manufactured here in the Far East. There are areas that can be improved, and the same applies to shipbuilding.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you.

I have a joke. I did not know how this plenary session would go so I checked a job hunt website in Vladivostok. By the way, I did not find a single job opening for a television presenter but I was curious to see what else is offered. What jobs and professions are really in demand here? I have mostly seen driver jobs – with salaries of up to 400,000 rubles, by the way – junior executives or pressing operators. Mr President, I have hardly seen any jobs for IT professionals. Even the most in-demand professionals section did not mention IT. I found one job opening in software development, but this is not much.

According to a SberIndex analysis, businesses in the Russian Far East are growing faster than on average in the country – and you said so yourself. And yet, this is mainly due to building large production facilities and production of mineral resources. The IT sector is lagging behind.

In your opinion, what could solve this problem if employers start seeking IT professionals? Are they to be ‘imported’? How can the Far East attract highly qualified technology professionals and incentivise them to stay here and treat this region as their home rather than a temporary placement?

Vladimir Putin: I have spoken about this at length in my remarks and said that young people do move here as they see prospects. There is a demand for young professionals. This trend is apparent but it needs reinforcement from the government. The region needs support in shaping a new image of local economic development, mainly with the help of advanced technologies.

I do not know what you have seen on websites, but I know for certain, having heard it from top managers of local companies, that there is a shortage of highly qualified workforce. The Zvezda shipbuilding complex that we have mentioned today is building a large-capacity fleet that we have not had before. We also need aviation professionals here.

It goes without saying that we need to develop all modern technologies so that we can go beyond developing the Far Eastern and Arctic mineral resources and can make this region part of Russia’s technology-intensive production in general. It is what we plan to do and it will elevate the region to a new development stage.

Maria Rybakova: Mr President, another aspect concerns the exorbitant wage demands among blue-collar workers as drivers want 400,000 rubles and welders want 500,000, for example. This is another side of the story. How can this matter be resolved in your opinion? Is it appropriate today to seek such high wages?

Vladimir Putin: I believe the more people earn the better.

Maria Rybakova: Certainly.

Vladimir Putin: It does matter. I said that it is an economic category. The higher the wage the higher the spending. The higher the spending the more Russian products are popular in the market because usually, people wish to buy Russian-made goods, and so on. This is another economic factor – and a positive one. Moreover, it makes people’s lives better.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you.

Of course, since we are talking about wages, I would really like to discuss what is happening with the Russian economy in general. Many statements have been made on the sidelines of the forum.

Vladimir Putin: I am not the only one here.

Maria Rybakova: Yes, of course, Mr President. But you see, I have so many questions for you. I will certainly have questions for the other guests. For now, I would like to focus on what is happening in the economy.

German Gref says he has noted signs of technical stagnation in the Russian economy. Do you agree with this?

Vladimir Putin: No.

Maria Rybakova: Mr Gref, there you go.

Vladimir Putin: He knows this well. We maintain constant contact. He regularly participates in our meetings, including those I hold with the Government and the Central Bank. Some members of the Government share his opinion, mainly because the Central Bank is holding the rate high to combat inflation.

You complained about prices in shops. The goal is not only to bring prices in shops down but also to ensure that economic actors also restrain price growth. We can discuss anything but I do not want to give assessments now. I have my own view, of course, but let me refrain from evaluating the Central Bank’s work. Let me note instead that our Central Bank is highly respected across the international finance community. This is first-hand information.

The Central Bank’s policy is deliberate. In 2023, Russia’s GDP grew by 4.3 percent; and in 2024, by 4.4 percent. At the same time, inflation rose, too. We need to address macroeconomic challenges and ensure a soft, smooth landing of the economy to stabilise key macroeconomic indicators and slow down price growth.

Yes, I know the debates very well: we discuss this daily. Just yesterday we were talking about this. Some experts believe that the economy has cooled down, but lending has not stopped. Ask Mr Gref himself: has lending stopped? No. The pace has slowed down, yes.

I know some industries are going through rough times, and people present here also understand this very well. However, everyone also understands that nothing good will happen if inflation spins out of control. It would become impossible to plan anything, not just years ahead, but even ten days ahead. This is a very delicate issue. Take banks, for example. You can ask the Chairman of VTB. He will tell you: yes, perhaps they have overdone it, maybe the economy has cooled somewhat too much.

Maria Rybakova: Mr Kostin often complains about the key rate.

Vladimir Putin: Yes. The Ministry of Economic Development will tell you the same thing. And all of them are right in their own way. But I am confident that we will eventually find a way to maintain the necessary pace of economic growth while keeping inflation to a minimum. I think that’s enough for this discussion format.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you.

My next question is for Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. In 2021, Laos and China launched one of the largest high-speed railways. There have been reports that the railway may be subsequently extended to Thailand. It is a major project that requires complex technology and infrastructure.

My question is: is there an opportunity, a chance, or prospects for connecting the railway to Far Eastern ports? And how can this be done sooner? It would expedite both our trade and cooperation. Is this a realistic prospect? Perhaps discussions have already taken place.

Sonexay Siphandone (retranslated): As for transport, we are using a modern railway that is far more advanced compared to the railway we built many years ago.

As I have already said, we are turning from a country with no sea access into a country connected to others. On this project, we cooperate with China.

As you have noted, we cooperate in railway development. We have successfully completed this project. Of course, the coronavirus pandemic was a certain obstacle, but we have managed to overcome these difficulties in our strategic cooperation.

According to the respective initiative, I am completely certain that there is an agreement between Russia and China. If there is also an agreement between Russia, Laos and China, we will be able to transport products from Laos via China to the Far East, including to Russia.

The railway may open new cooperation opportunities for Russia and ASEAN, China and ASEAN, and improve Lao products’ access to the market. I would like to stress that this is an alternative route that is faster and more sustainable.

The government of Laos is considering the possibility of establishing sea routes to Vladivostok through China, potentially via Hainan or a Vietnamese port. We have already agreed on some aspects of this project to date.

It would be an excellent opportunity for us to cooperate with Vietnam. We have no access to the sea but we have made an agreement with Vietnam that would help us reach both China and Russia.

As for Mongolia, we could also use similar transport infrastructure to exchange products. Certainly, there are many advantages to developing the Laos-China railway network.

Thank you.

Maria Rybakova: Mr President, do you have anything to say in response?

Vladimir Putin: No, we are discussing it with our Lao friends, and we talked about it just yesterday.

We are in contact with our partners from third countries, including from Vietnam. Indeed, we are discussing all these logistic options; we are talking about expanding them. I think prospects are good.

Maria Rybakova: As for the railway tracks here, in Vladivostok, I know that it is a vexed question, I mean we want to have more and better railway tracks. The railway logistics still accounts for a large part [of infrastructure] in the Far East. Will it be renovated? You have already spoken this.

Vladimir Putin: Not large – they account for the larger part of the entire infrastructure. This is the so-called Eastern Operating Domain, the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline; now a new railway has been built to Magadan, to the Sea of Okhotsk. This is a very good project and the results will be good. We will continue to develop all this.

I, as well as my colleagues, constantly talk about it. This is a key development area for the Far East and the country in general. The shipment volumes have multiplied. Well, what can I say about it? We will develop the Trans-Arctic Corridor – there are things to work on – together with the Northern Sea Route.

As for our friends in the Asian-Pacific region, I very much expect that all our efforts to develop transport logistics in the Far East would benefit – that was the intention – trade and economic relations with our partners, including our friends in Laos.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you. So, welcome as they say.

I want to note that this is my first time in Vladivostok. And, of course, I am very impressed both by its size and by how interesting it is. Really, it is a well-tended and, let us say, an interactive city. There is much to see here, and it has a certain authenticity. But I went on an excursion not far from here and I was, so to say, a bit surprised by the contrast. Central cities and regional centres really do look great, they are being transformed, but, to put it mildly, we certainly will not see a Zolotoy Bridge anywhere near Pevek.

What do you think should be done to make remote towns comfortable, authentic and beautiful, including from the point of view of infrastructure?

Vladimir Putin: Practically, it is all the same everywhere: the centre of the city looks one way, and the suburbs look differently. Thinking about developing our population centres so that people can live a comfortable life in any part of the city is an issue to be addressed by the municipal authorities, primarily regional authorities.

As for small towns, we have a programme to develop population centres. As far as I remember, there over 800 (I think, 804) towns in the country with the population under 50,000 people, or around 50,000. This is a major programme.

As regards the development of Russia’s towns and cities, there are many areas that work quite effectively for small towns. Without a doubt, this work needs to be expanded.

With regard to the Far East and the Arctic, we have a separate programme that includes 22 towns and cities at the first stage. The appropriate resources have been allocated, development plans have been drawn up, and the work has begun. I have briefly mentioned some of the results, but I believe that this is one of the key areas of work. We have just discussed this with our colleagues who stood, so to speak, at the beginning of this road, who initiated this process, which turned out to be very popular and effective.

I have already covered the importance of giving a new boost to economic growth. We need to bring in well-trained specialists to the region, who, of course, need adequate social conditions. There must be kindergartens, good schools, good education, and medicine. All of that should be developed in small towns as well.

To reiterate, there is a properly funded programme that covers 22 towns. Of course, we will expand this work.

Maria Rybakova: Still, we are discussing spending. I am just trying to smoothly segue to the budget deficit. In 2025, it was planned at about 1.2 trillion rubles. In the summer, it grew, according to official figures, to 3.8 trillion. We are only in September now. Clearly, things may change by the end of the year. I even heard a figure of up to eight trillion rubles. Again, I am not an economist, and I have no idea if it is possible or realistic at all.

How do you think this can even out? What mechanisms are planned to be used in the first place?

Vladimir Putin: I do not operate in terms such as “I think,” I can tell you what I believe, and I believe as follows. Indeed, spendings are growing, which is due to the infrastructure development plans, including in the Far East, because they require large financial resources. The Eastern Operating Domain, the Baikal-Amur Mainline, the Trans-Siberian Railway, and so on, the development of port infrastructure, airports, and so on. Spending on education and healthcare throughout the country, and spending in the defence and security sphere, including spending related to the special military operation – these are all spendings.

First, we need to work on the revenue part, and there are things to discuss, meaning, of course, not an increase in the tax burden, but simply an increase in production efficiency. We need to increase labour productivity, introduce the latest technologies, and better organise production processes. Here, I assure you, we have things to address, and the reserves are countless, meaning the opportunities are vast.

However, there are other things that can quite reassure us, and, rest assured, there is nothing scary about it. Some of our colleagues in the Government believe that this deficit can be increased, and it is not a big deal. Why? Because our debt burden levels – external and internal – are not just acceptable but are low. This guarantees the stability of the entire financial credit system, including the budget system.

The budget is built on a balanced basis. This is not an easy thing to do. It is actually a complex and even stressful effort, if I can put it that way, because achieving a balance between different sectors of the economy is a challenging task. The Government is coping with it.

Maria Rybakova: Mr President, I read the other day, and it was discussed during the forum sessions as well, that the Finance Ministry and, I think, Sberbank – (Addressing German Gref.) – is that correct, Mr Gref? – are planning to introduce artificial intelligence for budget work, to have the artificial intelligence somehow help form the budget? If I understood it correctly.

Mr President, how do you feel about the idea of using AI this way?

Vladimir Putin: My view on this is positive. But AI can only be an assistant, at least at this particular moment, at this stage of AI technology development. Today, these tools can only be used to assist the decision-making both at the level of the Central Bank and at the level of the Government.

Maria Rybakova: Then, the ball goes to Mr Li.

China has achieved quite significant success in the field of AI and is now among the leaders. In fact, the American and the Chinese neural networks are probably the two most popular ones. I know that China has been actively developing the platform economy for a long time now. This is a completely innovative type of economic activity. We are actively implementing these processes as well.

I have a question. How do you generally assess this leadership? What does China plan to do to keep cooperation between AI and the state going? What will it look like? What is the plan?

Li Hongzhong (retranslated): Thank you for your question.

You have touched on a critically important topic. AI is a way for all of humanity to achieve progress. AI is a new production force that drives our evolution, and it is very important to develop it. All countries around the world, including China, Russia, the United States and other countries, pay great attention to developing AI and promoting its technologies.

President Xi Jinping said in 2023 that the world will advance just four main principles of AI development: its universal popularisation, its further advancement, and our joint use of human and machine resources, as well as the promotion of these technologies in our everyday lives. These principles have been put forward.

In general, we will be implementing these principles in approximately three areas, such as scientific and technological innovations, and scientific and technological development. Innovation is the central element of developing the AI concept. Increasing the intended capacity, the computing capacity, and creating neural networks and models. This is connected with the development of high technology and the implementation of high-tech development plans overall. This is connected, of course, with the training of specialists and personnel management. This, of course, helps us train personnel.

We are creating new platforms. The United States is, without a doubt, leading here, but nevertheless China is constantly making great efforts to achieve an advantage in this area. For example, artificial intelligence. The level of forecasting and the degree of monopolisation in China in this area has reached 60 percent. We are making progress in matters of monopolising AI technology at a pace of about 20 percent annually. This, of course, is our advantage. We patent these technologies. This is one of the key areas of development.

The second component is that we are implementing our approaches, viewing AI as a path for the development of humanity, as a path to achieving well-being. President Xi Jinping put forward in his speeches the most important concept of a community of common destiny for humanity. We profess these ideas. One of the key components of this concept is an affluent and powerful state, and the promotion of general welfare for all groups of population.

We are steadily following the path of promoting high technologies. Take, for instance, China’s DeepSeek neural network. This model is already widely known. It makes it possible to achieve great results. It is an advanced technology. We were able to significantly reduce the cost value and thus overcome the threshold of achieving great benefits at minimal costs. This is, of course, one of the ways to develop AI.

Increasing the AI compute capacity offers new opportunities. We have discovered completely new areas of using it. Take, for example, technologies such as unmanned control of production processes. Its open source makes it possible to use these technologies efficiently. We can thus reach new heights in our work, simultaneously developing these AI technology and implementing them. Benefitting from the use of AI, we pay great attention to the environment that is necessary for using these technologies.

All this is designed to increase the production and capacity. Already now, the scope of AI use in production is showing exceedingly high growth. Its capitalisation has reached 700 billion yuan representing growth of about 20 percent annually. There are many areas that can help us improve the well-being of our people, develop these technologies across the board, and improve the lives of people in our country, as well as spread these technologies in the interests of industries and enterprises. This, of course, provides us with new advantages. The multifaceted and comprehensive use of such technologies is the key area of our country’s development.

We have opened the gates to the use of AI technology in people’s lives, and we would also like this technology to make progress in Russia, as you, Mr President, and our President, Comrade Xi Jinping, have already jointly stated. We must make the most out of the Russian Far East and our territories in order to develop AI in our respective countries.

Thank you very much for your attention.

Maria Rybakova: Mr President, I am not going to ask you whether it is possible to use AI to run a country.

My question is: Do you think that AI can be trusted with setting the key interest rate? I hope Ms Nabiullina forgives me for asking this.

Vladimir Putin: I have already said, I think, no, take that back, I believe that the capabilities of AI can be used when making any kinds of decisions, and they should be used in making any decisions across all areas, including in matters overseen by the Central Bank. However, decisions of that kind must be made by a specific person that should bear responsibility for them. You cannot hold AI accountable. It is just a tool. Humans should do the actual work.

By the way, our Chinese participant, our friend from China has a high political rank, he is a member of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee. But we just heard him provide expert assessments in a fairly serious area of AI. Humans should make decisions. And such people should be in China and in Russia. They should use AI and develop these tools.

Maria Rybakova: I hope AI will not replace me or other people who do my kind of work.

Vladimir Putin: Why not? There are neural networks, and I think there are AI-based television presenters as well.

Maria Rybakova: That is it, I'm done for. But the human side, Mr President, will go away if AI were to ask you questions.

Vladimir Putin: Or it will get better with the help of AI.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you.

Ladies and gentlemen, does anyone have anything to add to the questions that have been asked? We are gradually approaching the finish line.

I have one last question left, which is rather philosophical. Mr President, it is about the Far East, but, not entirely about the economy.

Here it goes. For some reason, I thought that the Far East really does live in the future, because it is 5:00 pm here, and it is morning in Moscow. You and I are in the middle of the day, or rather, it is almost an evening.

Overall, the world looks rather strange today. Everyone is talking about it a lot, including turbulence and crises that flare up non-stop, and this is not only about the Ukraine crisis, but Israel and Palestine as well. Flashpoints like that abound.

What do you think of Russia’s future in this world? This is the first question. And the second is do you think the world of the coming decades will be more Western or Eastern?

Vladimir Putin: It will be multipolar.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you.

All that remains for me to do is to thank you for trusting me with asking you questions today.

Also, in closing, I am very grateful to the Far East for such a warm welcome.

As Mr President has rightly pointed out, tomorrow, and some of us today, will be heading west. Therefore, I would like to sum it up and say that, since we mentioned the double-headed eagle at the very beginning, perhaps our uniqueness and strength lie in the fact that we are not choosing but looking in both directions at once. I think this seamlessly fits with the motto of the anniversary forum on cooperation in the name of peace and prosperity.

Thank you very much.

Vladimir Putin: For my part, I would like to thank all the participants, including our foreign guests, my colleagues who are working here with me today, and the audience for their joint efforts, because this is also part of the work, as well as our charming moderator for making such an interesting discussion possible.

Thank you very much.

Maria Rybakova: Thank you. This is the best assessment. Thank you very much, Mr President.

Have a safe flight everyone, at least those who are leaving today.

Media statements by the Presidents of Russia and Belarus

2024-12-07T13:49:31+04:00

Vladimir Putin and Alexander Lukashenko made statements for the media following the meeting of the Supreme State Council of the Union State.

President of the Republic of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko: Mr Putin,

I express my gratitude for your presence here today, alongside your colleagues – essentially the entire leadership of the Russian Federation – as we have conducted a highly productive session of the Supreme State Council.

However, if I may, given the amicable and – as your Press Secretary [Dmitry Peskov] once aptly described – fraternal relations that we have cultivated, I wish to bring up one more point. I refrained from mentioning it during our meeting, yet I’ll be frank, since I don’t conceal it, as I previously brought it up in Astana. This is indeed a serious matter, and it would be preferable for it to be transparent rather than later there appear various speculative approaches to this issue.

Mr Putin,

We are gravely concerned about the situation in Western Europe, particularly along our borders, specifically with Poland and Lithuania, our neighbouring nations. We perceive this as an even greater threat than that posed by the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.

Merely 15 kilometres away – a short distance to the border – troops are being deployed, and it is not solely the Polish and Lithuanian forces at the frontier; NATO troops from other nations, including Germany, are being amassed. Thus, the situation is exceedingly tense. Poland is expending vast resources to arm its military forces. However, if they want peaceful coexistence with us, as they profess, then why allocate billions of dollars towards armament? In essence, we are profoundly disquieted by this.

This poses a threat to our joint military force, which you referenced in your statement today. In Astana, without consulting you, I jestingly remarked upon it – but what jest can there be when discussing new weaponry?

Recently, Russia successfully launched the Oreshnik missile system. This has made a notable impact on our former partners, now adversaries. Please, do not misconstrue this as audacity: I would like to publicly request the deployment of new weapons systems, particularly Oreshnik, within Belarusian territory.

This would significantly placate certain factions inclined towards conflict against Belarus, as well as against Russia on Belarusian soil – in line with the national security concept that you recently endorsed and we have adopted today regarding the Union State.

We possess, and I am not jesting in saying this, specific locations where these weapons can be stationed. With the singular condition: that the targets for these weapons shall be determined by the military and political leadership of Belarus. Meanwhile, you would train us to operate these weapons, should this be implemented, so that Russian Federation specialists would maintain and launch the Oreshnik warheads at designated targets. You have demonstrated your proficiency recently. This would considerably fortify the defence of our Union State and, primarily, the territory of Belarus.

I earnestly ask you to contemplate this and accede to my request. We are being criticised: nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons are deployed, and so forth. These are not nuclear arms, but they are exceedingly effective. As you noted, they are comparable under certain conditions to delivering damage akin to that of a nuclear weapon, yet without any contamination and without any strikes that would lead to pollution of the territories and facilities that are targeted.

Once more, I urge you to consider it. It would constitute substantial support – not solely for my appeal, but also for the Belarusian people.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr Lukashenko, colleagues,

Foremost, I wish to extend my gratitude to the President of Belarus for the invitation to visit Minsk and for the traditionally warm reception accorded to our entire delegation.

As I have already remarked during today’s proceedings: a substantial amount of work has been undertaken by the experts and government representatives on both sides to prepare for today’s event – an endeavour that proved to be both successful and efficient. Indeed, there are issues within the economic domain that require further attention. Nonetheless, all our preceding meetings have been directed towards reaching consensus on some contentious matters, which inevitably arise given the extensive scope of our collaboration.

As of today – the President of Belarus is aware, as are our colleagues from both sides – virtually all issues that have previously sparked disputes or necessitated coordination have been resolved. Certainly, there remains work to be done, and we shall pursue it. I am confident of achieving favourable outcomes, as both parties are eager and prepared to continue our collective, constructive endeavours. This signifies that solutions will be found and realised.

Although, I reiterate, as of today – Mr Lukashenko, I trust you concur – there are no issues causing dissatisfaction in the progression of our relations on either side. There are, I reiterate, matters requiring further work, and we shall address them.

We have just signed two exceedingly significant agreements – one concerning the unified electricity market and another on security guarantees. Undoubtedly, these treaties are of paramount importance: one within the economic sphere, the other within the security sphere, as the treaty on security guarantees delineates mutual allied commitments to ensure the defence of Russia and Belarus. And, as we have previously stated, with the deployment of all available forces and resources.

That is why we decided to meet the requests from the Republic of Belarus and the President of Belarus to deploy Russian tactical nuclear weapons on the territory of Belarus.

Of course, such cutting-edge systems as Oreshnik have no parallels in the world. A combined missile assault by this system is comparable to the use of nuclear weapons, yet they are not weapons of mass destruction for two reasons.

Firstly, unlike weapons of mass destruction, this system is a precision weapon. It does not hit areas, and it achieves a desired effect not through its power, but through precision. This is the first point.

Secondly, in the case of a combined missile assault – using one, two or three systems – it is the same as a nuclear weapon in terms of the impact force but it does not contaminate the area and does not have any radiation fallout since the warheads of these missiles have no nuclear component.

Now as regards the possibility of deploying such, let’s face it, formidable weapons as Oreshnik missile systems on the territory of Belarus. Since we have signed today a treaty on security guarantees with the use of all available forces and means, I believe that the deployment of such complexes as Oreshnik on the territory of the Republic of Belarus is feasible. This is the first point.

Second. I think, this will become possible in the second half of next year, as the production of such systems is ratcheted up, as these systems are mass-produced in Russia, and as these missile systems enter service with the Russian Strategic Missile Forces.

And there are obviously a number of technical issues to be addressed by specialists, namely, identifying the minimum range in view of the priorities of ensuring the security of the Republic of Belarus. Specialists should look into the matter, but I think that it is possible, given that this will require minimal costs. I mean that Belarus retained certain infrastructural capabilities from the times of the Soviet Union, so the deployment of such missile systems in Belarus will incur minimal costs to prepare the infrastructure.

Of course, although they will be part of the Russian Strategic Missile Forces, nevertheless, it will certainly be up to the military and political leadership of the Republic of Belarus to identify the targets on the territory of the potential adversary. This is obvious.

So, we will discuss all this in a routine mode. I must only say right away – experts are well aware of this – the shorter the range, the greater the striking power of the warhead. Well, we will talk more about technical details later.

Thank you.

Alexander Lukashenko: Thank you, Mr Putin. I am quite satisfied with the answer – the second half of next year.

Vladimir Putin: Yes, the second half of next year. By that time, according to our preliminary estimates, we will have established series production. These systems will enter service with the Russian Strategic Missile Forces. And concurrently we will begin deploying them on the territory of Belarus.

Alexander Lukashenko: I took advantage of our friendship in the sense that if you want something from Putin, make him promise it publicly.

Thank you!

Meeting of the Supreme State Council of the Union State

2024-12-08T16:00:39+04:00

Vladimir Putin and Alexander Lukashenko held a meeting of the Supreme State Council of the Union State of Russia and Belarus in Minsk.

The meeting was timed to coincide with the 25^th anniversary of the Treaty Establishing the Union State.

A package of documents was signed during the meeting of the Supreme State Council of the Union State, includinge decrees of the Supreme State Council of the Union State “On Uniform Consumer Protection Rules” and “On Certain Measures to Combat the Illegal Import of Goods into the Territory of the Union State.” A number of resolutions of the Supreme State Council of the Union State were also signed, such as “On the Security Concept of the Union State,” “On Organising and Holding Events to Celebrate the 80^th Anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War,” as well as a number of resolutions, in particular, on the abolition of roaming on the territory of the Union State.

Following the meeting, a ceremony was held to sign interstate documents: the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus on Security Guarantees within the Union State and the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus on the Unified Electricity Market of the Union State.

The presidents of Russia and Belarus also made statements for the media.

***

Remarks by presidents of Russia and Belarus at the meeting

President of the Republic of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko: Mr Putin, members of the Supreme State Council, participants in today’s meeting.

I am delighted to welcome all of you to the capital of Belarus ahead of the 25^th anniversary of the Treaty Establishing the Union State.

Today, we can confidently state that back in 1999 we made the right choice. In fact, it is only through this allied tandem that we have been able to benefit from our shared experience and potential based on the principles of mutual trust and partnership.

Our bilateral relations, in their current form, demonstrate the strong and mutual bond between our countries, which is based on a shared language, the fact that our two countries have similar systems for training specialists in engineering and technology, while our people have a great deal in common in terms of their mindsets, cultural traditions and their shared history. This provides for a unique experience in international affairs, with two countries, two economies and a single economic space. This framework has stood the test of time and has proven its worth.

Faced with unprecedented sanctions pressure, we have succeeded in keeping the core sectors of our economies afloat and kept the financial system up and running, while unemployment has remained at an all-time low, and household incomes have been rising. Not only have we stood our ground, but we have become stronger.

Let me share just a few economic statistics with you.

Compared to 1999, our two countries have made great strides in terms of their GDP growth, which has increased by about 150 percent. Bilateral trade has been growing too. Last year, it reached $55 billion, and is expected to reach about $60 billion this year if it continues growing at the same rate.

That said, we must ask ourselves: Have we done or anticipated everything to perpetuate this progress and make it immune to any fluctuations?

We need our governments and all sectors of our respective economies to work together in a well-coordinated and responsible manner to overcome new challenges as they emerge. We must now deliver on new objectives in the current situation. In their reports, Belarusian and Russian government officials will elaborate on efforts to respond to these developments from a practical perspective.

I would like to outline several strategic directions for our further development.

Firstly, it is essential to address the persistent issues that have hindered our progress for many years. These challenges exist, and as the President of Russia remarked at a recent meeting in Moscow, there is no need for reticence – tell us what remains unfinished, the people will understand.

I believe that the primary objective is to implement a unified economic policy and ensure equal rights for citizens within our Union State. We have yet to achieve the level of self-sufficiency and independence necessary for long-term developmental planning, which would shield us from external factors and various challenges.

The mechanisms for addressing this task are evident: a harmonised industrial policy, unified approaches to food security, a shared energy market, the gradual attainment of technological sovereignty, and judicious import substitution. It is also crucial to eliminate the remaining barriers to bilateral trade.

We have already initiated joint ventures in sectors such as microelectronics, machine tool engineering, aircraft manufacturing, and shipbuilding; however, progress remains insufficient. Currently, there are only 27 import-substitution projects underway for the combined market of Belarus and Russia, with a total GDP estimated at two trillion dollars. This figure should, in my view, be exponentially higher. Both Belarus and Russia stand to gain from these projects.

In both nations, our collaboration has resulted in the creation of new jobs and the emergence of innovative products. Today, we will take another significant step in our union-building efforts by signing an agreement to establish a unified electricity market. For the establishment of an equitable economic environment, we are anticipating the prompt launch of unified markets for gas, oil, and oil products. Efforts are ongoing in these areas.

Regardless of the objectives we pursue in constructing our Union State, its foremost aim and target audience are our citizens – those who believe in us, trust us, and anticipate a responsive approach to their needs and demands. Consequently, ensuring equal rights for the citizens of Belarus and Russia is a pivotal topic.

Over the past 25 years, significant progress has been made in the areas of migration, social and labour relations, and healthcare.

There are no restrictions on movement within both states. Equal rights in employment, recognition of work experience, and labour protection have been secured. Issues regarding pensions and social insurance have been resolved. All citizens have access to urgent emergency medical care. Our experts estimate that approximately 60,000 Russian citizens received medical treatment in Belarus in 2023 alone. Support is extended to families with children and specific population categories.

What particularly pleases us is that for holidays, festivals, and in general, Belarus remains the most attractive destination for tourists from a vast country like Russia.

Much remains to be done, though. Everyone, without exception, should experience practical advantages provided by our union.

Transport and logistics come second. Belarusian exports went through Russian ports, which turned out to be a mutually beneficial arrangement. On the one hand, it has taken care of export logistics and, on the other hand, it has significantly boosted the Russian companies’ revenue.

However, there are still many untapped reserves. The Northern Sea Route project will be implemented next. We have done a trial run of transporting cargo along this route, and it worked out well.

Our Russian partners are working on a pilot project to build a high-speed Moscow-St Petersburg railway. We are looking forward to seeing it connect Moscow with Minsk. Mr President, your announcement that this railway will go from Moscow through Minsk to Brest inspired the Belarusians, because many people move between Minsk and Moscow, and we even had to add two more trains of late.

Military and political security is third. Ongoing developments make us place great emphasis on the defence capability of our respective countries. The Union State security concept and the interstate treaty on security guarantees that we signed today will take us to a whole new level of strategic alliance and coordination in the military sphere.

This will make it possible to prevent violation of the territorial integrity of Belarus and Russia, to preserve our sovereignty and independence and, most importantly, to guarantee peaceful life for our citizens. Mr President, our intention to sign this treaty got our Western “partners,” as you call them, into a state. This is probably not a bad thing. It caught their attention.

Fourth, planning and redistribution of labour resources. It is no secret that every year the Russian labour market takes in a significant number of Belarusians, which means that we, just like Russia, experience labour shortages. We need to coordinate our policies in this area and use efficient legal mechanisms that would take into account the interests of both sides.

Friends,

Importantly, we discuss quite special topics all the time. In May 2025, Belarusians and Russians, alongside other peoples of the former USSR and everyone who shares our values, will mark the 80^th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. This is a crucially important commemorative date for our people who are bound by common history and share spiritual and cultural values.

Just like our ancestors did 80 years ago, on May 9, we will commemorate the victims of that terrible war on Red Square, and mark the important anniversary of historic victory of the Soviet people over Nazism.

Today, as always, we have a busy agenda that addresses specific concerns of the peoples of our countries. They focus on improving the functioning of our respective economies and strengthening the security of Belarus and Russia. Let me wish us all productive work.

Thank you for your attention. I turn the floor over to President of Russia Vladimir Putin.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr Lukashenko, colleagues,

As mentioned by the President of Belarus, today’s meeting of the Supreme State Council is special in that it has been timed to coincide with the 25^th anniversary of the Treaty on the Creation of the Union State, signed on December 9, 1999. Let me remind you – all of us know this well – that this is an achievement of the first President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin, and Alexander Lukashenko.

This is a truly fundamental document that has guided Russia and Belarus over the past quarter of a century, during which they jointly accomplished a truly vast amount of work. I am referring primarily to their efforts to promote integration in the socioeconomic and humanitarian spheres, to harmonise the two countries’ laws, and to reliably ensure common defence and security.

Most importantly, the Russian-Belarusian relations of alliance and strategic partnership are based on the unshakeable principles of friendship and neighbourliness, mutual respect and regard for each other’s interests. Our countries and peoples are bound by a common history, family ties between many Russians and Belarusians, and a commitment to the same moral and spiritual values.

Trade and investment exchanges are actively developing within the framework of the Union State, multifaceted business contacts and cooperation ties are growing stronger, and conditions are being created for stable and sustainable growth of our countries’ economies. In a word, practical integration is bringing real tangible benefits to the citizens of our countries, enhancing the quality of their lives and well-being.

Taken together, this is clear proof of the correctness of our strategic policy of comprehensive cooperation and a common economic, humanitarian and defence space of Russia and the Republic of Belarus.

We appreciate the smooth operation of the practical cooperation mechanisms in the Union State. The Council of Ministers meets regularly, and the two countries agencies are conducting a coordinated macroeconomic policy with assistance from the Permanent Committee of the Union State, promoting interaction between industries and coordinating the functioning of our financial markets and banking systems. At the same time, we are paying special attention to minimising damage from the illegal Western sanctions and other restrictions.

The supranational Customs Committee and Interstate Customs Centre are working effectively. We discussed these issues for a long time; it was not simple to coordinate each other’s positions in detail, but ultimately the Russian party and our friends in Belarus have found mutually acceptable solutions and options. I am confident that our colleagues on both sides are satisfied with the operation of these mechanisms. They are clearly useful instruments in the current situation and are creating conditions for the sustainable growth of our economies and our progress.

Overall, the Supreme State Council’s decision on the Guidelines for Implementing the Provisions of the Treaty Establishing the Union State for 2024–2026 is being successfully implemented. It involves large-scale joint projects and events in key spheres, namely, industry, agriculture, energy, transport, culture and information policy. We also focus on science and education. To date, about 20 percent of the planned measures have been implemented.

The effectiveness of Russian-Belarusian integration can be judged by the growth of our trade. Alexander Lukashenko has already mentioned the figures we expect to report this year. It is a tentative result, but I believe that it is quite accurate. According to our statistics, mutual trade in January to September has increased by 8.4 percent and exceeded $37 billion, and the yearend results will be close to reaching the figures the President of Belarus has mentioned.

Russia accounts for over half of foreign trade of Belarus. At the same time, Belarus is the fourth largest trade partner of Russia; its share stands at nearly 9 percent.

Russia has invested over $4 billion in the Belarusian economy. There are about 2,500 companies with Russian capital operating in the republic. Our energy cooperation is growing stronger, and we continue to create joint oil and gas markets. We have coordinated and are ready to sign a treaty on the single electricity market today, as Alexander Lukashenko has stated. This will help reduce prices for end users in both Russia and Belarus. I believe that this is extremely important for our households and industrial facilities.

Built by Rosatom, the nuclear power plant in Belarus operates in keeping with its planned capacity and design specifications. Its overall output from the two units has exceeded 36 billion kilowatt-hours, including over 14 billion this year, up 20 percent compared to the NPP’s annual output in 2023. This is robust performance.

Bilateral cooperation in manufacturing has been growing in scale with a focus on import substitution and increasing the share of high value-added products, which is crucial today, and is set to play an even bigger role in the future. I hope they keep all their restrictions in place – this is what I have been hearing from some of my colleagues in the Russian Government all the time.

Of course, these restrictions have created some challenges for us. However, at the end of the day, Russian producers within the real economy have been benefiting from some breathing space in the domestic market, just as it happened with agricultural production some time ago. Overall, the positive implications outweigh the challenges we face in this regard.

We have also fine-tuned our cooperation and partnership in science-driven sectors, digital transformation and microelectronics, as well as in terms of digitalisation. Today, we will adopt a new resolution introducing streamlined tariffs for communication and data transmission services within the Union State. The new rules are expected to come into force on March 1, 2025.

Humanitarian cooperation has been gaining traction within the Union State too, with efforts to promote proactive exchanges in education, culture, sports and youth affairs. At a radiology centre in Dimitrovgrad, Union State residents can benefit from treatments based on proton therapy.

Higher education institutions specialising in engineering and technology have been holding various forums. Training specialists in these disciplines has special importance today for both Russia and Belarus. The Union State awards in science and technology, literature and art have gained a lot of prestige. We established a special award for young researchers for their achievements in the natural sciences, technology and social sciences.

We also suggest establishing an award for research in history, cultural and educational projects aimed at promoting patriotic education among young people.

Members of the Supreme Council,

Faced with unprecedented external pressure, Russia and Belarus have joined ranks on the international stage and have been unwavering in their commitment to supporting each other as true allies. We share coinciding or convergent approaches, as diplomats say, to the most urgent global and regional matters.

As you know, the October BRICS Summit in Kazan adopted a decision instituting a new category for BRICS partner states. We are delighted that our Belarusian friends have been responsive and confirmed their readiness to work with BRICS within this framework.

Russia and Belarus have been stepping up their cooperation in defence and security, as the President of Belarus has already said, as well as in military technology. Of course, this meets the fundamental interests of our two countries and their people.

A seamless air defence system is deployed across the defence space of the Union State, operated by a joint regional grouping of troops. Daily contacts are maintained between our law enforcement agencies. The military doctrine of the Union State has recently been updated. The updated security concept, submitted for the Supreme State Council’s approval, includes assessments of the current international situation, which is far from simple, and potential joint measures to counter the main challenges and threats.

The situation in the European region, in particular, in Ukraine, is definitely a cause of particular concern. The Western countries are deliberately exacerbating tensions in the region. In fact, their actions have led to today’s tragedy and continue to aggravate the crisis. Such irresponsible policies are pushing the world to the brink of a global conflict. We know that Belarus, the President of Belarus, supports a policy aimed at a peaceful settlement of this crisis. We are continuously discussing the matter, and we will definitely focus on some of its aspects during the exchange of views later today.

In this context, it makes perfect sense for us to sign an interstate treaty on security guarantees within the Union State today. The document defines our mutual allied obligations to use all available forces and capabilities to ensure both countries’ defences, and protect their sovereignty, independence and constitutional order, as well as the integrity and inviolability of the territory and external border of the Union State. This includes Russian tactical nuclear weapons, previously deployed on the territory of the Republic of Belarus at the suggestion of the President of Belarus.

Let me remind you that the November 19 Executive Order Approving the Basic Principles of State Policy of the Russian Federation on Nuclear Deterrence clearly indicates the possibility of using those weapons for defensive purposes in response to a possible attack with the use of weapons of mass destruction, or to repel aggression with the use of conventional weapons, which poses a critical threat to Russia’s sovereignty or territorial integrity. We continuously coordinate these issues with the leadership of Belarus, with the President of Belarus. I am convinced that this treaty will ensure that the security of Russia and Belarus are reliably protected and will thereby create conditions for further peaceful and sustainable development of both our nations.

As we said, next year, we will celebrate the 80^th anniversary of victory in the Great Patriotic War. It is important that both Russia and Belarus remember and revere the heroism of our fathers and grandfathers who fought shoulder to shoulder against Nazism. And we will certainly continue to make effort to ensure that future generations have a conception of the price they have paid to defend peace and freedom.

We are expecting Alexander Lukashenko to attend the anniversary celebrations in Moscow on May 9. Military crews from Belarus are also invited to take part in the parade on Red Square alongside the Russian military. In addition, I certainly hope to see Mr Lukashenko in St Petersburg on December 25–26 at the traditional informal meeting of CIS leaders and at the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council session.

In conclusion, I would like to express confidence that today’s meeting of the Supreme State Council will be productive, will promote the further dynamic development and integration of Russia and Belarus, and consolidate the security and defence potential of the Union State.

I would like to thank everyone who contributed to the preparation of today’s event and the preparation of the documents. It was an ambitious and very necessary work.

Thank you very much for your attention.

Gala reception in honour of the BRICS Summit

2024-10-25T20:44:59+04:00

Vladimir Putin addressed a gala reception hosted on behalf of the President of Russia to mark the 16^th BRICS Summit.

Address by President of Russia

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Heads of State,

Ladies and gentlemen,

Friends,

We are sincerely happy to welcome here in Kazan the heads of BRICS countries and leaders of nations interested in cooperation with our group.

Today, we have successfully conducted the BRICS Summit meetings in both restricted and expanded formats, addressing pressing issues on the global agenda, including interactions in politics and security as well as the economy and cultural sphere.

Our discussions have once again underscored that BRICS countries share the universal values of peace, justice, and equality and work collectively for the prosperity and well-being of our countries and peoples.

BRICS states stand united, advocating for intensified cooperation on the global stage based on the key principles of the United Nations Charter. We collectively strive to contribute in every conceivable way to the establishment of a just, multipolar world order with decisive participation from countries of the Global South and East in the systems of international governance.

Tomorrow, together with all of you, friends, we shall hold a BRICS Plus/Outreach format meeting. Such expanded format has proven its worth, offering a platform for direct and open dialogue between members of our group and our sincere friends.

Together, we shall address issues of concern to the global community. These include sustainable development, eradication of poverty, peaceful settlement of conflicts, combating terrorism and cross-border crime, adaptation to climate change, stability of supply chains, and exchange of technology and knowledge in its broadest sense. In essence, these are the issues that directly impact the lives of our citizens and thus necessitate collective action.

We are committed to involving our like-minded partners in the existing collaboration formats within our group, striving to build an equal and mutually beneficial partnership with them. It is in this spirit, under the slogan Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security, that the Russian chairmanship has been operating this year.

Friends, I extend my gratitude for your presence here today. I propose a toast: to the prosperity of our peoples, to the strengthening of our cooperation, and to the health of all those present!

Expanded meeting of the BRICS Summit

2024-10-25T20:44:06+04:00

President of Brazil Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (via videoconference), President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping, President of Egypt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, President of Iran Masoud Pezeshkian, President of Russia Vladimir Putin, President of South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the United Arab Emirates Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan participated in the expanded meeting of the BRICS Summit.

In addition, the meeting was attended by Brazilian Foreign Minister Mauro Luiz Iecker Vieira, President of the New Development Bank Dilma Rousseff, Chairman of the BRICS Business Council, President of the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Sergei Katyrin, Chairperson of the BRICS Women’s Business Alliance, Chairperson of the Board of Directors of Global Rus Trade Anna Nesterova, and Chairman of the BRICS Interbank Cooperation Mechanism, Chairman of the VEB.RF State Development Corporation Igor Shuvalov.

On the Russian side, the event was also attended by Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergei Lavrov, Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak, Deputy Prime Minister Alexei Overchuk, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office, Special Presidential Representative for Financial and Economic Cooperation with BRICS States and Interaction with the New Development Bank Maxim Oreshkin, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office, Presidential Press Secretary Dmitry Peskov, Aide to the President Yury Ushakov, Minister of Industry and Trade Anton Alikhanov, Minister of Natural Resources and Environment Alexander Kozlov, Minister of Agriculture Oksana Lut, Minister of Economic Development Maxim Reshetnikov, Minister of Finance Anton Siluanov, Minister of Transport Roman Starovoit, Governor of the Central Bank Elvira Nabiullina, and Head of the Republic of Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov.

* * *

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Colleagues,

Heads of State,

Ladies and Gentlemen, friends,

We continue our work in an expanded format, and before we do that, we need to approve the agenda. All of you are aware of its items. Does anyone have any comments, suggestions or amendments in this regard? None? Then we shall assume the agenda has been approved. Thank you.

If you have no objections, I will open the meeting, or rather, continue our work.

We will review a few current aspects of BRICS activities, primarily in the economic and humanitarian areas, and hear reports from the heads of relevant BRICS bodies – President of the New Development Bank Dilma Rousseff, Chairman of the Business Council Sergei Katyrin, Chairman of the Interbank Cooperation Mechanism Igor Shuvalov, and Chairperson of the Women’s Business Alliance Anna Nesterova.

As we pointed out during our restricted-format meeting, global trade and the global economy in general are undergoing substantial changes. On the positive side, the centre of business activity is gradually shifting towards developing markets. A multipolar model is evolving, engendering a new wave of growth, primarily in the Global South and East countries, as well as in BRICS countries, of course.

However, there is still considerable crisis potential, not only due to rising geopolitical tensions but also because of the continuing growth of the debt burden in industrialised countries and the expanding practice of unilateral sanctions, protectionism and unfair competition. A direct result of this is the fragmentation of international trade and the market of foreign direct investments, especially in developing countries.

The raw materials prices volatility is high, with individual and corporate revenues declining in many countries due to rising inflation.

The implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is stalling, with the least developed countries suffering the most from global economic instability, above all food and energy inflation.

As for the BRICS economies, they generally demonstrate sufficient stability, thanks to the responsible macroeconomic, monetary and financial policies of our governments. The majority of our countries expect to report outperforming growth rates. In particular, tentative estimates put average growth in the BRICS economies at 3.8 percent in 2024–2025, while global GDP is estimated to increase by 3.2–3.3 percent in the same period.

The share of BRICS countries in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP) will reach 36.7 percent in 2024, which is larger than the share of the G7 countries, which was 30 percent in 2023 and will only grow slightly in 2024.

It appears that a trend to retain BRICS’ leading positions in the global economy will be consolidated, primarily due to such objective factors as population growth, the accumulation of capital, urbanisation and greater labour productivity, bolstered by technological innovations.

To fully realise the potential of our growing economies and take advantage of the new wave of global economic growth, our countries need to strengthen cooperation in areas such as technology, education, efficient resource development, trade and logistics, finance and insurance. Additionally, we must significantly increase the scale of investments.

In this connection, we suggest establishing a new BRICS investment platform that would become a powerful tool for supporting our national economies and provide countries of the Global South and East with financial resources.

I would like to note that, this year, BRICS has managed to coordinate multiple initiatives aiming to accomplish critically important common objectives.

For example, this includes efforts to make supply and VAT chains more resilient, to counter protectionism, to expand e-commerce and to establish contacts between special economic zones.

We believe that launching a special mechanism for consultations between BRICS countries on issues related to the World Trade Organisation will help us chart a common position on formulating more equitable rules of the game in the global economy and overhauling the international financial system.

It is necessary to continue jointly promoting well-balanced approaches to issues linked with the global economy’s transition to low-emission development models and to counter attempts to use the climate agenda to oust rivals from the market. This is particularly true of emerging markets. The BRICS Contact Group for Climate and Sustainable Development is actively addressing these issues. We believe that BRICS’ initiatives on partnership regarding carbon markets and the climate research platform are highly promising.

BRICS countries are ramping up interaction in an effort to expand barrier-free e-commerce. The dynamic growth of online sales has increased the number of commercial disputes that need to be resolved promptly and fairly.

Russia’s chairmanship proposed sharing information about practices for launching online services to resolve e-commerce disputes with an eye towards creating joint framework procedures for pre-trial dispute resolution. I would also like to remind everyone about our initiatives to establish a BRICS Investment Arbitration Centre and to develop a convention on settling investment disputes, which will improve the protection of mutual investments.

The BRICS space is home to over 2,500 special economic areas. We believe it is important to establish direct links between management teams of these territories with preferential and easy-term regulations in order for them to exchange best practices on matters such as building logistics hubs, localising the industrial manufacturing, and creating favourable global competitive environment for investors.

Several BRICS countries are among the world’s largest producers of grains, leguminous crops, and oilseeds. In this regard, we proposed establishing a BRICS Grain Exchange, which would help discover fair and predictable prices for products and raw materials, since the latter have a special role to play in ensuring food security.

Once implemented, this initiative would help protect national markets from adverse external interference, speculation, and attempts to create artificial food shortages. Over time, we could also consider transforming the Grain Exchange into a fully-operational commodity exchange.

The contribution of BRICS countries to ensuring global energy security is undeniable. The association includes key energy producers and consumers. The joint energy research platform has been bringing good results as well.

Russia also advocates expanding cooperation in subsoil use. In July, the first meeting of the BRICS Geological Platform, which provided a venue for an expanded sharing of experience in mineral exploration and mining, took place in Moscow.

We believe it is quite practicable to create a separate BRICS platform for precious metals and diamonds, as this market is greatly overregulated by trade barriers in circumvention of the universal Kimberley Process Certification Scheme.

The BRICS Competition Law and Policy Centre has built a positive track record. We believe that we must continue working on this agenda, including by launching an interstate platform for promoting fair competition.

In September, Moscow hosted a meeting of BRICS Tax Administration Heads and Experts. It was quite a success. Our colleagues discussed important proposals dealing with creating a website to promote cooperation within BRICS on tax-related matters, as well as an online platform for digitising tax services. Russia suggested establishing a permanent secretariat within BRICS on taxes which would operate on a rotational basis.

Efforts to enhance transport connectivity between our countries deserve special attention, since they offer us additional opportunities for expanding and diversifying mutual trade. This year, we started a dialogue on this topic within BRICS. By establishing subgroups on transport and logistics within the Business Council, we made sure that this dialogue continues on a regular basis.

We are also discussing future projects, such as creating a permanent logistics platform within BRICS, reviewing transport routes, creating an online communications platform for the transport sector, and establishing a reinsurance pool.

Having hosted a meeting of healthcare ministers in October, we have achieved meaningful progress in promoting BRICS cooperation in this sector. This meeting defined our long-term vision for healthcare-related matters.

We established a nuclear medicine group, which will promote cooperation in the production of innovative radiological agents and diagnostics. Held in St Petersburg, the first BRICS forum on nuclear medicine was quite useful in this regard.

We have launched an integrated early-warning system for addressing large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases. Russia has also put forward an initiative to create a BRICS research network on public health so that we can benefit from each other’s best practices for strengthening our national healthcare systems. It is essential that we persist in our efforts to develop and expand the Vaccine Centre and the Tuberculosis Research Network within BRICS.

On a separate note, I would like to mention the publication of the BRICS medical journal’s first edition, which offers a platform for doctors, researchers and medical students to publish their innovative ideas.

BRICS cooperation in science and technology significantly contributes to bridging the global digital divide and advancing artificial intelligence, alongside other emerging technologies.

I would like to underscore Russia's proposal to establish a BRICS alliance in the realm of artificial intelligence. This initiative aims to regulate artificial intelligence technologies, including measures to prevent their unlawful use. In Russia, the business community has adopted a code of ethics in this area, which could be joined by our BRICS partners and other nations.

We welcome the arrangements on common approaches to the formation of a system of scientometric databases, as well as the expansion of cooperation areas and the number of participants in the Network University.

I should also mention the decision to establish BRICS Geographer's Day, which will now be celebrated annually on August 18. A scientific expedition to the nature reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Region and the Republic of Khakassia in Russia has already been scheduled to coincide with this date.

During Russia's chairmanship, we placed special emphasis on the development of contacts in the cultural and humanitarian sphere. The International Film Festival and the BRICS Cultural Festival were successfully held, and the Alliance of Folk Dance and the Association of Film Schools were established.

Large-scale BRICS Sports Games have proved to be a valuable initiative. This year, Kazan hosted the fifth such games across 27 sports. For the first time, they were organised in an open format, with athletes not only from BRICS countries but also from more than 80 other countries participating in the competition. These Games clearly demonstrated that Russia possesses a modern infrastructure base and manpower potential to organise major world-class sporting events. To further develop the BRICS Games, we propose devising a special intergovernmental programme and establishing a coordinating authority to implement projects in the field of physical fitness and sports.

This year, inter-parliamentary dialogue within the framework of the group has significantly intensified. A new format for meetings of chairpersons of legislative committees on international affairs has been established.

Broad prospects are emerging for cooperation among regions, cities, and municipalities. During the thematic forums held in Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan, discussions were held on the prospects for collaboration in the sphere of sustainable development of municipalities, efficient management of the urban economy and infrastructure, and increasing the accessibility of urban services.

Colleagues,

I thank you for your attention and invite my colleagues to express their views on the above-mentioned outcomes of the work on the economic and humanitarian tracks.

<…>

Vladimir Putin: Once again, I would like to thank you for your substantive contributions and for this insightful and interested discussion.

We had a detailed conversation on setting our priorities in terms of forging a stronger strategic partnership within BRICS and went on to outline our plans for future cooperation. In fact, we share close or convergent positions on most topical global and regional matters.

It is essential that all BRICS partners remain committed to working closely together to create a more democratic, inclusive and multipolar international system. We have a shared understanding of the fact that together we can undertake the most ambitious and large-scale projects and initiatives.

We heard interesting reports from the heads of BRICS financial and business structures. As a founding member of the New Development Bank, Russia wants it to expand its project activities in all the countries which have the status of NDB shareholders and in the countries of the Global South and East.

We support the BRICS Business Council’s proactive efforts to promote cooperation among our major corporations, as well as SMEs in trade, manufacturing, agriculture, energy and transport.

In addition, we believe in the importance of working together within the BRICS intrabank cooperation mechanism as a way to combine our efforts in supporting economic projects dealing with essential social matters, undertaking regional development programmes and building infrastructure. Creating incentives for using national currencies in trade and investment remains high on our agenda.

Of course, we all praised the BRICS Women’s Business Alliance, created with the purpose of assisting women in promoting business, facilitating contacts and implementing promising projects.

Overall, very good results have been reported for cooperation between BRICS countries this year. Jointly, we have advanced in all three dimensions – politics and security, the economy and finance, and cultural and humanitarian contacts. We have laid solid groundwork for the future.

The final declaration, which has been prepared for our approval, reflects our common views on the global situation, the results of Russia’s BRICS Chairmanship, and the guidelines for our interaction in the long term.

I would like to ask our colleagues once again if they have any objections or remarks regarding this declaration. If not, I propose we consider the declaration adopted. I would also like to add that we plan to circulate it at the UN as our common document.

It has already been noted that Brazil will assume the BRICS Chairmanship next January. I am confident that Brazil’s chairmanship will ensure continuity in the work of our group while also supplementing our cooperation with interesting new initiatives and ideas. All of us will provide all-round assistance to our Brazilian friends.

In conclusion, I would like to thank you once again for our constructive and fruitful joint work and to declare the expanded meeting of the BRICS Summit closed.

Tomorrow, we will hold a BRICS Plus/Outreach format meeting to discuss the current aspects of our group’s interaction with many other Global Majority countries. This evening, I invite you to a reception, which will also be attended by the delegations that will take part in the joint meeting tomorrow. The time before the reception can be used for bilateral meetings.

I would like to thank you again for our joint work. Thank you very much.

Restricted-format meeting of the BRICS Summit

2024-10-25T20:44:00+04:00

President of Russia Vladimir Putin, President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping, President of Egypt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, President of Iran Masoud Pezeshkian, President of South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa, President of the United Arab Emirates Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Brazil Mauro Luiz Iecker Vieira attended a restricted-format meeting of the BRICS Summit.

On the Russian side, the meeting was also attended by Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, Deputy Prime Minister Alexei Overchuk, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office, Special Presidential Representative for Financial and Economic Cooperation with BRICS States and Interaction with the New Development Bank Maxim Oreshkin, Presidential Aide Yury Ushakov, Minister of Finance Anton Siluanov and Central Bank Governor Elvira Nabiullina.

* * *

Opening remarks and beginning of speech by President of Russia at BRICS Summit meeting in restricted format

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Colleagues,

Heads of State,

Ladies and Gentlemen, friends,

I am sincerely delighted to welcome you all to Kazan. Our meeting opens the 16^th BRICS Summit, the first since the group’s enlargement. The centrepiece of Russia’s chairmanship programme, this meeting is themed Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security.

I would like to emphasise that Russia has taken a very responsible approach to organising the joint BRICS activities this year.

We have sought to strengthen the group’s influence, enhance its role in global affairs and in addressing pressing global and regional problems. We have done everything possible to deepen multifaceted cooperation between our states in three broad areas: politics and security, economy and finance, and cultural and humanitarian contacts. It goes without saying that we have made every effort to ensure the smooth and fullest possible integration of the new members into our group formats.

Right now, in a restricted format, we suggest considering the most important items on the global agenda and exchange views on cooperation between the BRICS countries in the international arena, including in the resolution of ongoing regional conflicts.

We will also discuss the implementation of two important decisions from our previous summit in Johannesburg. First, I am referring to deeper financial cooperation within BRICS. The other decision, which is equally important, concerns the group’s further expansion. It would certainly be wrong to ignore the unprecedented interest in strengthening ties with BRICS displayed by the countries of the Global South and East. Over 30 nations have expressed such aspirations in one form or another. At the same time, it is crucial to maintain balance and ensure that the effectiveness of BRICS mechanisms is not diminished.

In Johannesburg, we agreed to develop modalities for a new category of partner states and to draw up a list of countries eligible for this status. It is important to reflect this decision in the final Kazan Declaration.

Colleagues, if there are no objections regarding the agenda, I declare the restricted meeting of the BRICS Summit open.

I am counting on fruitful work and a traditionally constructive and earnest dialogue on all issues pertinent to our interaction.

As per the established procedure, I would like, as the head of state chairing our group, to be the first to make a statement, after which all other heads of delegations will have their say.

I would like to request that you respect the agreed time limit of seven minutes for your statements. Are we in agreement? Thank you.

So, heads of state, ladies and gentlemen, friends,

We are all witnessing the dynamic growth of BRICS and the strengthening of its authority and influence in global affairs. The BRICS states possess truly immense potential in terms of political power, economy, science, technology, as well as human development. Furthermore, we are united by shared values and a common worldview.

It would be fair to say that BRICS is a group of like-minded sovereign states that represent different continents, development models, religions, and distinctive civilisations and cultures. All our states advocate equality, neighbourliness and mutual respect, the assertion of the noble ideals of friendship and harmony, commonwealth and well-being. We have assumed responsibility for the future of the world not in word but in deed. We are exerting a truly beneficial influence on global stability and security and making a substantial contribution to addressing pressing regional problems.

This is the essence of the BRICS strategy on the global stage, which responds to the aspirations of the largest part of the international community, which we refer to as the global majority. This approach is especially relevant in the current conditions when truly radical changes are underway across the globe, including the shaping of a multipolar world.

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Plenary meeting of the Interrelation of Times and Civilisations – Basis of Peace and Development international forum

2024-10-12T11:56:43+04:00

Vladimir Putin attended the plenary meeting of the Interrelation of Times and Civilisations – Basis of Peace and Development international forum in Ashgabat dedicated to the 300th birth anniversary of Turkmen poet and philosopher Magtymguly Pyragy.

Before the meeting, President of Turkmenistan Serdar Berdimuhamedov held a welcome ceremony for the heads of delegations attending the international forum.

The Russian delegates attending the event included Deputy Prime Minister and co-chair of the Russian-Turkmen Commission on Economic Cooperation Alexei Overchuk, Deputy Chief of the Presidential Executive Office and Presidential Press Secretary Dmitry Peskov, Presidential Aide Yury Ushakov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Turkmenistan Ivan Volynkin, and Head of the Republic of Tatarstan Rustam Minnikhanov.

Vladimir Putin had a brief conversation with President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari on the sidelines of the forum. The leaders exchanged mutual invitations for official visits to Russia and Pakistan, respectively, and confirmed their countries’ intention and political interest in strengthening bilateral ties across all areas.

Vladimir Putin also talked with Speaker of the Turkish Parliament Numan Kurtulmus and reaffirmed that he was looking forward to meeting with President of Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdogan at the BRICS summit in Kazan.

* * *

Address by the President of Russia

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr Berdimuhamedov, ladies and gentlemen, friends,

The Interrelation of Times and Civilisations – Basis of Peace and Development international forum, dedicated to the 300th birth anniversary of the outstanding Turkmen thinker, philosopher poet and public figure Magtymguly Pyragy, is of great importance today.

Magtymguly Pyragy is rightfully regarded as a great humanist and the founding figure of Turkmen poetry and literature, with his creative legacy forming an integral part of the world's greatest cultural treasures.

Magtymguly was one of the first to reveal the beauty of the Turkmen language in all its diversity and richness. He had a unique poetic style, expressing thoughts concisely, but with a depth of meaning and aphoristic clarity. Many of his poetic lines became popular catchphrases – aphorisms, proverbs, and sayings. Magtymguly’s books were not only read, they were kept at home as sacred relics.

There is something I would like to highlight: during the Second World War — or, as it was known in the Soviet Union, the Great Patriotic War, relatives of Turkmen soldiers would quote his poems in their letters sent to the frontlines, trying to reassure the warriors and inspire courage and valour. I will quote one of those phrases for you: “All our tribes are marching under the righteous banners from all sides.”

Magtymguly’s works have been translated into Russian. It is reliably known that the poet actually lived for a long time in the village of Funtovo near Astrakhan. The area has been densely populated by Turkmen diaspora groups since the late 17^th century to the present day. In 2019, a school built there at Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov’s initiative was named after Magtymguly. Astrakhan has a monument to Magtymguly; in September, a bust of this outstanding poet was unveiled in Moscow.

Far ahead of his time, Magtymguly never halted his creative and spiritual search and always strove for knowledge and truth. Due to his genius, he was able to anticipate the future of his land and people. In his works, Magtymguly invariably called for purity, justice and equality, not only in relations between individuals, but also between states and nations. A visionary thinker, he advocated the high ideals of friendship and good neighbourliness, and tried to convey these thoughts to future generations, calling for harmony and responsibility, tolerance and understanding, respect and solidarity.

This message remains relevant and meaningful to reasonable people today, and it holds even greater significance amid the current global challenges, when unprecedented threats stem from civilisational divides and ethnic and religious conflicts. International relations have entered an era of profound transformation, and a new world order is emerging that reflects the world's diversity. This process is inevitable and irreversible.

Emerging powerful centres of economic growth, financial, and political influence are increasingly evident, particularly within the Global East and the Global South at large. These newly established centres are committed to preserving and strengthening their sovereignty and socio-cultural identity, while pursuing harmonious development in accordance with their traditions and based on national interests.

In the spirit of Magtymguly's philosophical views, the global majority nations, which both Russia and every other country participating in this forum are part of, advocate for a more equitable distribution of wealth and the consistent democratisation of the international landscape. We firmly believe that universal peace and comprehensive development can only be achieved if every nation's views are taken into account and every state's right to have its own sovereign policy, worldview, traditions, and religious beliefs is respected.

I’d like to emphasise that Russia endorses the broadest possible international dialogue concerning the parameters of interaction in our emerging multipolar world. It is open to discussing the establishment of a new world order with all our friends, partners, and like-minded people, including within the frameworks of the CIS, the EAEU, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and BRICS.

In this context, we are preparing for the forthcoming BRICS and BRICS Plus/Outreach format summits scheduled to be held in Kazan from October 22 to 24. We would most certainly welcome our host, Mr Berdimuhamedov, along with many other leaders attending this forum, to join us at the events in Kazan.

Before concluding, I would like to take this opportunity to extend special gratitude to the current leadership of Turkmenistan – the President and the national leader of the Turkmen people, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov – for their commitment to the principles articulated by Magtymguly and their significant contribution to maintaining peace and stability in our shared region, as well as to expanding multifaceted cooperation and partnership.

Thank you for your attention.

The fourth Eurasian Women's Forum

2024-09-18T20:36:32+04:00

Vladimir Putin addressed the plenary session of the fourth Eurasian Women's Forum.

Organised by Russia’s Federation Council and the Interparliamentary Assembly of CIS member states, the Eurasian Women's Forum is the largest international platform where women leaders from all continents gather to discuss their role in the modern world and coordinate approaches to global issues.

Over 1,500 people from 126 nations are attending the forum this year. The 2024 EAWF is themed Women for Strengthening Trust and Global Cooperation.

The plenary session of the fourth Eurasian Women's Forum is held at the Tauride Palace in St Petersburg.

* * *

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Ladies and gentlemen – I see that there are also men in this room,

Friends,

I extend my warm greetings to the participants and guests of the fourth Eurasian Women's Forum. Welcome to Russia and to St Petersburg.

Your forum is one of the most highly respected international platforms demonstrating the potential and capabilities of modern women and their truly colossal role in virtually all spheres of life.

I would like to emphasise that your meetings reflect on the most crucial aspects of modern development and promote the ideas of unity for sustainable development and universal security. This is more important now than ever, and this is what millions of people across all continents desire. Humanity is facing extremely complicated issues, which can only be resolved together and based on respect for each other’s interests.

The previous forums paved the way for many concrete initiatives, including stronger interaction within the framework of BRICS, APEC and W20. Incidentally, we have just now discussed these issues with the President of Brazil. I bring you best regards from Brazil.

I am convinced that women’s commitment to the ideas of cooperation and peace has brought success and popularity to your forum. Each time, it brings together greater numbers of participants. This year, female leaders from 126 countries came to St Petersburg. Additionally, multimillion online audiences have joined the discussions focusing on a variety of sensitive topics.

Delegations from all Russian regions which represent our multi-ethnic nation, our rich culture and centuries-old traditions are attending this forum as well. Russian women bring to light the soul of Russia, its beauty, appeal, warmth, graciousness, and magnanimity.

The forum provides an opportunity to show the broad international female community that Russia is an open and hospitable country that appreciates dialogue, trust, and friendship, and that we respect the diversity and uniqueness of other countries and peoples.

The great interest in the Eurasian Women’s Forum is also grounded in the fact that its agenda transcends the typical discussion of women’s role in society. The forum brings together accomplished women who have achieved top results in their professional careers. Your experience in creative, managerial, intellectual, humanitarian, and educational activities undoubtedly matters a lot for billions of people worldwide, which fact made this forum a global platform for developing proposals to address the most pressing issues.

The forum’s already high standing continues to rise. Your voice is heard, and governments around the world heed it. Your recommendations are taken into consideration by major international organisations.

To reiterate, this participation and energetic work are crucial if we want to build a multipolar, just, and genuinely free world. Everyone among us shares these ideas and does everything possible to shape a new progressive global space.

This forum is devoted to matters of trust and global cooperation. As always, the female eye has captured the most important matters. Humanity is in need of a robust foundation of trust, openness, mutual understanding, and contacts across various fields in order to be able to address challenging social issues, to ensure economic prosperity and technological development, and to overcome poverty, inequality, and diseases.

Most importantly, to be able to develop equal indivisible security principles that every country needs. For many years now, Russia has been urging the world to unite in order to discuss and to adopt such principles. I am convinced that you are supportive of our initiatives and will promote them in your respective countries.

Speaking before an audience of female leaders from around the world, I would be remiss not to recognise the immense contribution that Russian women are making towards achieving our national development goals. More often than not, they drive the efforts to carry out projects that are critically important for improving the quality of life and standards of living in our country, supporting families, protecting their interests, and, more broadly, upholding our traditional values.

I would like to take this opportunity and thank all women of Russia for their work for the good of society and their incredible energy of creation. I am confident that heads of states that are represented at the forum share my sentiments and can express gratitude to women from their respective countries, because life has provided us with compelling evidence that progress, well-being, and harmony which are mandatory pillars of a truly prosperous world cannot be achieved without women.

Friends,

Russia is traditionally respectful of women. In this regard, our state policy relies on the National Strategy of Action in the Interests of Women. Several initiatives have been put forward towards this end, and proper conditions are being created for women to succeed professionally while remaining guardians of the hearth and lynchpins of large families with many children.

We know that combining these roles is a challenge, but our women cope with it and, despite being confronted with rigorous workloads, they manage to remain beautiful, caring, and charming ladies. They possess a secret that men are unable to fathom.

Here is what I would like to add to this. Women in Russia work in almost all fields. Female entrepreneurship is making wide strides. Last year alone, the number of female entrepreneurs grew by almost a third to six million women now running their own businesses in Russia.

In every field of choice, women are highly responsible operators who strive to discover the truth of the matter they are dealing with, to think outside the box, and to take every nuance into consideration when making decisions.

I wish productive work to the participants and guests of the forum. I am convinced that the 4^th Eurasian Women’s Forum will be a success and bring good results, give rise to new ideas and projects, and boost cooperation and mutual understanding on our planet.

I wish you good health and all the best. I wish you success for the benefit of peace, creation, and progress.

Thank you for your time.

I hope you will have the chance to get to know St Petersburg.

Thank you very much. All the best!

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Plenary session of United Cultures Forum

2024-09-13T17:40:19+04:00

Vladimir Putin addressed the plenary session of the 10^th St Petersburg International United Cultures Forum.

The events of the 10^th St Petersburg International United Cultures Forum will last until September 14. The anniversary year’s theme is the 21^st Century Culture: Sovereignty or Globalism?

The plenary session was held in the General Staff building of the State Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg.

* * *

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Ladies and gentlemen, friends,

I am glad to welcome you in Russia, in St Petersburg.

It is the tenth time now that our northern capital city welcomes cultural representatives from around the world. Every meeting of this kind, like the culture itself, embodies the Zeitgeist and raises acute, vital and most important issues.

The Forum of United Cultures is a substantive answer to the most complicated challenges that our countries and nations are facing today. Even its name recognises the civilisational diversity of the world, people’s natural right to identity, respect for traditional values and religions and, of course, the countries’ unconditional equality in shaping the global cultural agenda.

These approaches and principles were envisaged in the Declaration adopted at the last year’s forum. Their relevance in our time is higher than ever.

The importance of humanism and dialogue, mutual respect and trust in the world is shared by the global majority. However, it is unfortunately under constant pressure and the threat of dilution, primarily due to unprecedented politicisation of the cultural sphere, which is being turned into a weapon in geopolitical schemes, and due to constant attempts to push it to the sidelines and to belittle the importance of national value systems and everything that does not coincide with the agenda promoted by the globalist elites and the ruling circles in some countries.

Russia has identified its main values and enshrined them in the Constitution, the country’s Basic law. We protect these values and everyone who shares them, who, like us, believes that the people’s right to speak their mother tongue and keep the faith of their fathers, to live in harmony with nature under its natural laws is sacred.

Without exaggeration, the result of these efforts will determine both the future world order and prospects for culture. We believe that it should and can exist without gross interference and without cancel culture, that is, the cancellation of culture itself.

There is a good reason that diplomacy is called an art. It takes more than knowledge and talent to master it. Diplomacy is also culture: a culture of actions, emotions, and speech. It is what gives an understanding of what can or cannot be said or done in order to avoid irreversible consequences.

Culture has always been a kind of a fuse for the world. It seems to have melted through in some countries. Today, many high-ranking politicians have lost their moral boundaries, breaking taboos that remained even during the most tense moments of the Cold War. In countries where such elites rule, people start gradually to accept xenophobia and then extreme forms of discrimination and persecution on national, ethnic, or religious grounds as a matter of course.

We all know how quickly the ruling regimes get dehumanised in situations like this, and what it means for particular families and people of different ages. We can see this.

This is why I have recently signed a Presidential Executive Order on providing humanitarian support to people who share traditional Russian spiritual and moral values. We are not fighting against any other values – we support our own. This is the difference in approaches between us and our opponents.

This decision was made in response to the growing flow of requests from countries where people are essentially being deprived of freedom of choice, mainly families with children, against whom local authorities impose perverted ethical standards.

There are also many requests from cultural figures who do not want to restrict their creativity to the Procrustean bed of quotas and criteria and to create in compliance with neoliberal standards alien to them.

These standards are being actively spread in some media, thus forming what is called mainstream. If authors are interested in their work being published or released, they must follow this mainstream. If there is a shadow of dissent or doubt in these works or even in private statements, then the writer, director, or actor will be ostracised or cancelled.

Moreover, we can see more often how the value agenda promoted by Western elites ignores and sometimes deliberately insults global religions and cultural traditions of entire regions of the world. I believe that most countries and peoples do not like this approach. They see the future of culture in mutual respect and trust, as well as in equal international cooperation in this area.

In hosting this forum once again, especially during such challenging times, we remain deeply convinced of the essential need for dialogue between cultures. Your voices, friends, must be heard.

No amount of aggressive propaganda can stand against genuine art, because true artists have an acute sense of the times and the needs of society. They can discern real from false values and recognise those who genuinely fight for peace, prosperity, and friendship among nations, as opposed to those who cloak self-interest, superiority, and destructive ambitions and their exceptionalism behind noble words.

Your creative, scientific, and educational activity holds tremendous potential for fostering peace and countering division. It helps maintain bonds between people and has the power to heal the wounds inflicted by conflicts and wars. That is why it is so important for you to have opportunities to communicate, exchange ideas, and collaborate on joint projects.

As one of the most diverse nations in the world, Russia is genuinely pleased to offer you this platform, including through today’s forum.

We understand that the cornerstone of cultural development is continuous interaction and mutual enrichment. The unity of diverse cultures and traditions holds immense creative power. This unity shapes our national identity and embodies core national values such as mutual support, justice, compassion, historical memory, continuity of generations, strong family bonds, patriotism, and civic duty.

For our international audience it is important to emphasise that Russia emerged as a multinational state from the very beginning. This rich diversity is deeply ingrained in our traditions and forms the foundation of both our shared identity and spiritual strength.

We place great emphasis on cultural development. Museums, theatres, community centres, and libraries are constantly being modernised, and places of worship are being restored. Public spaces like embankments, parks, and public gardens are also being revitalised. This effort not only enhances the cultural landscape but also plays a crucial role in the development of all our regions.

During my recent visit to Tuva, I observed the growth of the local religious community. Across the country, we are building hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of new mosques, churches, and synagogues. This cultural and religious revival is progressing rapidly, in ways that were unprecedented in both Tsarist and Soviet Russia.

We are making significant efforts to protect cultural heritage sites and are planning to adopt a long-term programme that will be implemented not only through government funding but also with the support of private benefactors. We have experience in this area and plan to build on it. We recognise the importance of restoring historic estates and churches, as they are tangible representations of our centuries-old history and national identity.

Cultural and humanitarian ties, cooperation in art and education, and youth exchanges are key priorities of Russia’s BRICS chairmanship. This organisation represents a model for a multipolar world, where principles such as mutual respect, independent development paths, and practical implementation of the UN Charter’s key principle, sovereign equality among states, prevail.

This year, Russia also holds the Commonwealth of Independent States chairmanship. Both through the CIS and BRICS, an unprecedented number of projects are being implemented. The business agenda of your forum includes meetings within the framework of these organisations.

Just yesterday, for instance, as far as I know, a meeting of the culture ministers from participating countries took place. I’m pleased to welcome you all here – colleagues, ladies, and gentlemen – and to thank you for your contribution to strengthening inter-culture dialogue, for your dedication to infusing it with vibrant, creative content and innovative ideas.

I believe the time has come to establish a new, shared international infrastructure for national cultures. In today’s world, the most successful societies are those where people are driven and inspired by culture, and where they can rely on a strong foundation of their values, history, and traditions.

Friends, colleagues,

Last year, we had in-depth discussions on many issues of shared interest. I hope you will understand that, unfortunately, I will not be able to engage in such discussions right now. However, I am confident that everything taking place at the forum and across the various platforms organised by the participants has been both highly engaging and valuable.

We are always pleased to welcome you to Russia – not just at this forum, but also at many events Russia hosts across various areas related to both our culture and the global culture, which our nation’s culture is an integral part of.

Thank you for your attention, and I wish you all the very best.

Thank you very much.

Plenary session of the 9th Eastern Economic Forum

2024-09-07T18:03:53+04:00

The President of Russia took part in the 9^th Eastern Economic Forum plenary session.

The forum’s slogan this year is ‘Far East 2030. Combining Strengths to Create New Potential’.

Vice President of the People's Republic of China Han Zheng and Prime Minister of Malaysia Anwar Ibrahim also participated in the session. The discussion was moderated by Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the Russia 24 news channel Alexandra Suvorova.

* * *

Alexandra Suvorova: Good afternoon.

It is my great honour and privilege to welcome you to the Eastern Economic Forum’s plenary session. This year, the main theme is Far East 2030: Combining Strengths to Create New Potential.

Mr President, you have repeatedly emphasised the importance of developing Russia’s Far East as a priority for the 21^st century. What has been achieved so far and what do we need to accomplish moving forward? How is Russia building relations with its colleagues within the Asia-Pacific Region (APR) and its regional associations?

During this session, we will try to answer these questions together. But before we do that, Mr President, I would like to give you the floor and invite you to address this gathering from the podium.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr Anwar Ibrahim,

Mr Han Zheng,

Ladies and gentlemen, friends.

I am delighted to offer warm greetings to all the participants and guests of the 9^th Eastern Economic Forum.

It has become a tradition for Russia and the city of Vladivostok to host this event in early September, bringing together businesses, technology providers, research teams, senior executives from major corporations, government officials, specialists, experts and entrepreneurs who are interested in Russia’s Far East and recognise the immense opportunities this unique Russian region offers for launching creative undertakings and engaging in mutually beneficial partnerships.

As you know, and as our moderator Aleksandra pointed out, we have designated the development of the Far East as a national priority for the 21st century. The significance and correctness of that decision have been confirmed by life itself, the challenges we have recently encountered and, most importantly, the objective trends that are gaining momentum in the global economy, when the main business ties, trade routes and the overall development are increasingly shifting towards the East and the Global South.

Our Far Eastern regions offer direct access to these growing emerging markets, helping us overcome the barriers which some Western elites are trying to create worldwide. The most important thing, as I have already mentioned, is that the Far East is a huge area for implementing business initiatives, launching complex projects and creating whole new industries.

In fact, the Far East has become a crucial factor for strengthening Russia’s standing in the world and our flagship in the new global economic reality. The further development of the Far East will largely determine the future of our country as a whole.

This subject – the image of our future – is the key focus of nearly 100 events, panel sessions and roundtable discussions at the Eastern Economic Forum. Overall, representatives of more than 75 countries and territories are taking part in the forum’s events.

It is extremely important that such discussions are complemented with substantive business dialogues and result in the adoption of investment decisions and trade agreements. I would like to say that over a thousand agreements worth in total more than 10.5 trillion rubles were signed during the previous three forums.

In short, the Eastern Economic Forum has rightfully become a respected venue for establishing reliable business contacts and discussing the strategic development of the Russian Far East and the Asia-Pacific region as a whole.

In my address I will tell you about some of our planned actions in this sphere, our proposals for our foreign partners on strengthening investment, trade, industrial and technological cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, as well as about our achievements and plans in the economy, infrastructure and social sphere of the Far East, including for improving the quality of life for our citizens in this region.

Let me remind you that back in 2013 we launched a new strategic programme and a governance framework for promoting comprehensive development in Russia’s Far East. And this approach has proven its worth. Over the past ten years, over three and a half thousand manufacturing, infrastructure, technology and educational projects have been launched in this region. Over the same period, fixed capital investment has been gathering momentum in Russia’s Far East, with the growth rate exceeding the national average by a factor of three.

This investment brought about tangible results. There are about 1,000 new enterprises here, and these efforts helped create over 140,000 jobs. In terms of industrial output growth, the region has been above the national average by 25 percent since 2013.

Let me also remind you that there are currently 16 priority development territories in Russia’s Far East. There is also the Free Port of Vladivostok. We introduced a preferential regime for the Kurils, and established a special administrative district on Russky Island – this is where this meeting is taking place. By the way, this district has offered a pathway for re-shoring assets worth over 5.5 trillion rubles back to Russia from offshore and foreign jurisdictions. More than 100 companies are currently registered here.

We will make sure to continue this advancement and will work tirelessly to improve the business environment in Russia in general, as well as in its Far East, including by relying on innovative and effective practices when working with foreign investors.

For example, we announced the initiative to establish international priority development territories in the Far East at the 2023 Eastern Economic Forum. Foreign investors, primarily from the friendly countries, of course, must benefit from a globally competitive environment.

We have plans to establish our first international priority development territory here in the Primorye Territory. Our Chinese partners, as well as the Republic of Belarus, have shown great interest in this undertaking. Belarus could even contribute to building a new deep-water port here. I would like to ask the State Duma and the Government to step up their efforts to draft a law for launching these international priority development territories.

There is another regulatory solution designed to facilitate and expand our ties with our foreign partners. Starting on September 1, 2024, Russian law allows for the use of foreign standards in construction and design. Of course, this applies to countries where quality and safety requirements for permanent structures are just as high as here in Russia. I hope that this approach serves its purpose, including within the Far East’s international priority development territories.

Developing Bolshoi Ussuriysky Island in the Khabarovsk Territory should serve as a model for working with our foreign partners, attracting investment in construction projects and creating jobs. This project provides for creating major logistics centres and border checkpoints, as well as expanding its road network.

Last May, during the state visit to the People’s Republic of China, we agreed to collaborate with our Chinese colleagues on this project. I am certain that it will provide a good powerful impetus to the development of Khabarovsk and the entire region. I am asking the Government to finalise all the organisational and financial issues in order to begin fulfilling this plan as soon as 2025.

Of course, electricity supply is one of the key issues when it comes to launching business initiatives in the processing industry, in housing construction and in transport network upgrade, across all areas, in fact.

The Russian Far East is experiencing an increase in energy consumption. The current rate is 69 billion kilowatt per hour annually, and by the end of the decade, we expect it to be around 96 billion. Even today, there are areas, residential areas and major Far Eastern investors who face the shortage of power and have to wait for the launch of new stations, which delays construction, the operation of industrial facilities and infrastructure.

I have already instructed the Government, our major energy companies and business circles to develop a long-term development programme for energy capacity in the Far East, and work on respective project financing mechanisms.

This programme aims to eliminate the expected deficit of electric energy in the Far East, primarily by launching new generation facilities like, for example, the Nizhne-Zeiskaya HPP in the Amur Region, which will not only provide electricity to the region and the Eastern Operating Domain but also help protect territories and residential areas from flooding. I am also asking you to consider building nuclear power plants in the Far East. We discussed this with our colleagues yesterday.

I want to emphasise that the power development plan must consider both current and future needs of businesses and the public, as well as the long-term objectives of the constituent entities, cities and smaller residential areas.

This also applies to strengthening transport and logistics capabilities of the Far East and the entire country. The largest and most significant project here is, of course, the expansion of the Eastern Operating Domain.

In the past ten years, more than 2,000 km of railway tracks have been built and more than 5,000 km have been renovated on the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline. We have built and renovated more than 100 bridges and tunnels, including those across the Lena, Bureya and Selenga rivers. By the end of this year, the carrying capacity of the Eastern Operating Domain railway network is expected to reach 180 million tonnes.

This year, we launched the third stage of this highly important transport artery, and the works are currently underway.

I want to emphasise that our objective is to eliminate railway bottlenecks and build over 300 facilities, including routes supplementing the Severomuisky, Kuznetsovsky and Kodarsky tunnels, as well as a bridge across the Amur River. This is a much more ambitious goal. It is crucial to start planning for the future today.For example, we will need to lay a second set of tracks along the entire Baikal-Amur Mainline and electrify this railway.

Over the next eight years, we will lay 3,100 kilometres of tracks along the Eastern Operating Domain. To put this into perspective, this is the same volume of tracks that were laid during the first and second stages of expanding BAM and the Trans-Siberian Mainline combined. This is also comparable to the construction of BAM in 1974−1984.

Today, we are implementing a project whose scale exceeds the largest Soviet-era infrastructure investment project completed by all Soviet republics pooling all their resources.

Just like the Trans-Siberian Mainline, the new transport corridor between St Petersburg and Vladivostok will serve as a vital continental artery.

Expanding freight traffic volumes and improving the quality of vehicle traffic are not the only goals. When completed, the new corridor will also promote inbound tourism: the entire route passes through numerous Russian regions.

The corridor is being developed in stages. In December 2023, we opened a modern motorway between Moscow and Kazan. By late 2024, this route will reach Yekaterinburg and later Tyumen. We will also build bypass roads in Omsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo and Kansk.

In the future, when the modern road reaches Vladivostok, the auto transport corridor will be over 10,000 kilometres long, including routes for accessing checkpoints on the Russian state border.

In this connection, I would like to remind you of the objective set out in the Address to the Federal Assembly, specifically, the reduction of queues at the border and reducing the time in which lorries undergo checks, which should not exceed ten minutes.

We aim to achieve this result at the first five Far Eastern border checkpoints by 2026. It is worth noting that railway checkpoints are already processing freight at the border promptly.

Let me stress this: a truly large-scale effort has been launched at both the Eastern Operating Domain’s railway network and at all of Russia’s major road infrastructure facilities. This effort involves specialists, engineers, and designers from many regions of our country. They are proving through their hard work and responsible approach to business that Russia is ready and able to handle large-scale construction projects, and do it quickly and with high quality, and to implement infrastructure and transport projects on a national and global scale. These projects include the development of the Northern Sea Route as an international logistical route. Over the past decade, the freight traffic flow on this route has increased by an order of magnitude, from just four million tonnes in 2014 to over 36 million tonnes last year. This is 400 percent more than the Soviet-time record.

We will continue to boost the freight traffic, including by developing actively Arctic deposits, rerouting cargo flows from west to east, and expanding the transit.

The large-scale plan for the development of the Northern Sea Route is currently being implemented. We are building icebreakers, expanding our satellite cluster in orbit, strengthening the coastal infrastructure, and upgrading the network of emergency and rescue centres. Coastal cruises were launched on the Northern Sea Route two years ago to familiarise ourselves with new logistical routes. Today, this arrangement includes 14 ports in the Northwest, the Arctic, and the Russian Far East.

It is worth noting that the capacity of Russian ports within the limits of the Northern Sea Route exceeded 40 million tonnes at the end of last year. However, we believe that this is just the beginning. We will continue to increase their capacities, upgrade the cargo transshipment mechanism, and expand the nearby and far-off rail approaches to these ports. One of our goals is to increase the capacity of the Murmansk Transport Hub to 100 million tonnes and potentially even higher.

Let me note that our Eurasian integration partners are also interested in developing the Murmansk Transport Hub. For example, the colleagues from Belarus I have mentioned are giving careful consideration to the prospects for expanding the port infrastructure and their terminals on the Kola Peninsula. Of course, we also invite other countries to take part in this project. I know that there is an interest in this work.

Let me add that Russia implements all its transport and logistical initiatives using advanced engineering, digital and environmental solutions. This creates additional demand for the output of Russian machine-building and iron-and-steel plants, and for services of the construction and other industries, research institutions, and hi-tech businesses.

It is with this approach based on the latest solutions and the greatly improved technological, economic and educational capability of the country as a whole, that we must address the tasks of strategic development of the Far East, including the further strengthening of the region’s basic mineral resources sector.

Today, the Far East accounts for 100 percent of the country’s tungsten, tin, fluor spar and tincal production, 80 percent of diamonds and uranium, over 70 percent of silver, and 60 percent of gold. However, mining in the main production areas, including Yakutia and Chukotka, began long ago and their resources are objectively limited, while the demand for them is growing, both for export and on the domestic market.

We must ensure the resource sovereignty of our country and provide a reliable basis for the sustainable supply of affordable raw materials and fuel to the national economy, to our regions, cities and towns, as well as create a foundation for the production of new materials and energy sources. As I mentioned earlier, we must accomplish this by utilising more effective domestic technologies and scientific solutions in the fields of ecology and mineral resources management.

During our forum last year, we instructed the Government to prepare separate programmes for exploring the resources of the Far East and Siberia and to incorporate them into the Geology. Revival of a Legend federal project.

These programmes have been prepared. According to our estimates, every ruble of federal funds invested in exploration will attract at least 10 rubles of private investment. But the main thing is that these investments will pay back and produce a huge profit, as well as have a comprehensive effect throughout the production chain. However, this job must be completed within the given timeframe and with due regard for the investment planning horizon.

I ask the Government to include the funding of these programmes in the draft three-year federal budget in the amounts necessary for achieving our goals.

As I said, the Far East has the potential to increase the state of geological exploration severalfold, including when it comes to the exploration for and production of high-tech raw materials such as titanium, lithium, niobium and rare earth metals, which we will need for the economy of the future. Most importantly, we have all these elements.

These industries have a huge potential for the growth of our Far Eastern regions, for creating jobs, enhancing the availability of various services, strengthening ties and improving logistics efficiency.

We will support the development of innovative and creative industries, and the infrastructure for the big data and AI economy in the Far East. In particular, we will establish a zone here where civilian purpose drones will be created.

We will continue to build up the scientific and educational potential of the Far East so as to use the advantages of technological progress to full capacity. New projects to build university campuses in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and Khabarovsk have been launched in the region, but this is clearly not enough for the Far East.

I propose launching several more projects, namely, to build new campuses in Ulan-Ude, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Chita. We will also complete the second phase of the campus at the Far Eastern Federal University in Vladivostok. These campuses will have all the necessary conditions for study, work and accommodation of the students, as well as youth entrepreneurship platforms and business clubs.

We will also upgrade our Arctic universities. The project to build a campus in Arkhangelsk will be followed by a similar project in Murmansk.

Innovative engineering schools will be created at university campuses. Two such schools have already opened in Sakhalin and Vladivostok. Their task is not only to train professionals for our industries, agriculture, transport, the services sector and AI spheres, but also to propose unique solutions for broad implementation in management, the social sphere and economic sectors.

A RusHydro science and technology centre has been functioning efficiently on Russky Island for two years. It is focused on innovative global energy research, and its solutions are being actively used in the retooling and modernisation programme of the energy sector in the Far East.

Our leading companies will contribute to the establishment of another major innovative science and technology centre at the Far Eastern Federal University on Russky Island. It will specialise in research and practical solutions in the fields of marine engineering, biotechnology, biomedicine and other promising spheres.

I urge our colleagues in the Government and in the Primorye Territory to use the Far Eastern concession mechanism for the implementation of that project, as well as to explore ways to attract scientists from other research centres in Russia and other countries to that centre. What I have in mind are competitive incentive programmes and benefits packages for professionals and their families.

Colleagues,

We realise that the successful implementation of our plans in the Far East and nationwide depends primarily on the people and Russian families.

I have already noted that we cannot rely on outdated logic, where new plants and factories were built first and then the authorities started thinking about their employees. This unfair logic simply does not work in a modern economy, an economy of the future that revolves around people.

This is why we have launched major social initiatives together with new economic plans in the Far East. We have also activated the unified subsidy mechanism, which helps fund the construction of schools and kindergartens, outpatient clinics and hospitals and sports centres, improve the urban environment and implement infrastructure modernisation projects. Almost 2,000 social and infrastructure facilities have been built to date.

The unified subsidy has become a powerful financial lever for the Far Eastern concession mechanism. It aims to attract private investment in social projects. Businesses are already planning to invest over 120 billion rubles for this purpose. We are currently implementing 36 of these initiatives, with work already underway.

For example, we are building a year-round alpine skiing resort here in Primorye, as well as a national museum and theatre in Ulan-Ude. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky will receive a new community centre, and an art museum will be completed in Khabarovsk. We are building new sports facilities in Magadan and Chita. We are completely modernising municipal lighting systems in Chita and Birobidzhan. Of course, we will continue to support the Far Eastern concession project and to adjust its mechanism to meet the needs of the people and the capabilities of the business community.

I would like to note separately that, today, the system of public-private partnership helps build schools, airports, bridges and motorways, and to upgrade municipal transport networks across the country. However, the volume of these projects remains small, accounting for less than three percent of the GDP or 4.4 trillion rubles.

To intensify the development of this sector, it is necessary to upgrade specialised legislation. We should also adjust the mechanism of public-private partnership to ensure transparent risk distribution for all the parties involved, including state agencies and businesses. These risks should be distributed equitably, including during the implementation of socially important projects.

Considering the experience and achievements in implementing technological sovereignty projects, I suggest that the VEB.RF Development Corporation becomes a mandatory participant in public-private partnership projects. It should oversee the risk allocation system and confirm the profitability of projects for the state and businesses. Mr Shuvalov and I have discussed this issue, and the corporation is ready for this. Just like the Projects Funding Factory, it should incentivise private investment.

I ask the Government and VEB.RF to chart specific parameters of transactions and their scale within the system of public-private partnership, with the participation of VEB.RF being a requirement.

Next, it is extremely important to attract private investment that aligns with the long-term development plans of our industries and territories, as well as our cities and towns. It is for their comprehensive development that we are actively promoting master plans, which are a fundamentally new mechanism for improving the quality of our people’s lives. Many are aware of this, in particular, our Russian colleagues.

These plans have been approved for 22 administrative centres and urban conglomerates in the Far East, where over four million people live. In particular, a master plan has been prepared for a satellite city of Vladivostok, which will have a cohesive development strategy for the development of a huge conglomerate comprising Vladivostok, Artyom and the Nadezhdinsky District. Its implementation is slated to begin in 2025.

What are the specific features, essence and novelties of these master plans? To understand them, we need to examine the previous situation at the local level. There was poor coordination between economic and urban planning services. Construction, housing and utilities, and social infrastructure were operating by themselves, which led to unbalanced decisions and disjointed urban spaces.

Today, the region and local administrations have held a series of discussions with the public and businesses, which helped pinpoint problem areas, assess the development potential of all aspects of their cities, and prepare individual long-term development models for each of them.

In fact, it was for the first time that one document comprised all socioeconomic and spatial development models that included the construction of transport, housing and utilities, energy and other infrastructure. As I said, the integral part of these plans is to improve the quality of people’s lives. It is our main goal.

Many elements of these Far Eastern master plans are still at the design stage, but we can say confidently that 70 facilities will be completed this year. In future, the implementation of these master plans must be accelerated.

The Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic has compiled a special rating of regions and agencies that are particularly active in this sphere. The current leaders in the implementation of these master plans are the Sakhalin and Magadan regions, the Republic of Buryatia, and the Kamchatka and Khabarovsk territories. I would like to thank our colleagues for their significant progress and ask them to continue building momentum.

At the same time, I would like to note that we will monitor the implementation pace of the Far Eastern master plans every year and recognise the best regional teams and federal agencies. This will allow other colleagues to learn from their success and adopt their best practices.

I should add that decisions have been made regarding additional budget loans for Government-approved master plans. Thirty billion rubles have already been allocated – as additional funding, I want to emphasise that. I propose allocating 100 billion rubles from the approved loan limit for 2025–2030 specifically for the master plans of our Far Eastern and Arctic cities, which will exceed the limits that the regions will receive as regular disbursement.

We should not forget about the urban development plans as we develop new national projects that are currently in their final stages. Moreover, it is necessary to allocate funds for specific sections, primarily for such national projects as Infrastructure for Living, Effective Transport System, Family, Long and Active Life, and Youth and Children.

What else is important? Half of the expenses under the master plans of the Far Eastern cities are covered by non-budgetary sources – that is, business investment and backbone enterprises that are willing to build outpatient clinics and kindergartens, sport facilities, roads, utilities networks, and restore cultural monuments, and so on.

As I said, we will certainly support such business investment. I am confident that, as the transformation of the cities and towns gains pace, the share of private investment will undoubtedly grow as well, including from our strategic partners such as large enterprises that take an active role in city renovation under their own social responsibility programmes in their present locations. We should take advantage of their results, capacities and experience when implementing the master plans.

Our strategic partners could, for example, fully fund a social infrastructure facility in a city, a town or a residential area where their investment projects are located. After this social facility is transferred to the municipality or the region, these investors will receive compensation in the form of tax rebates, concessions and other privileges. I am asking the Government to outline the parameters of this mechanism.

I want to stress that the experience of the Far East will serve as the basis for scaling up this master plan practice. As stated in the Address to the Federal Assembly, by 2030, these strategic documents will be developed for 200 Russian cities and towns. We will be scaling up this effort, from 22 areas in the Far East today to 200 areas nationwide, including the backbone cities that contribute to strengthening Russia’s technological sovereignty.

To continue: A comfortable urban environment and large-scale social infrastructure are essential components of modern residential developments. Far Eastern investors involved in implementing these projects are entitled to benefits envisaged for priority development areas under the Far Eastern Quarter mechanism, which is currently being applied in pilot mode in seven regions. It is planned to build 1,800,000 square metres of housing for almost 70,000 people with its help.

Generally, let me note that the amount of housing built in the Russian Far East every year for the past five years has grown by about 100 percent. This is a good indicator. It is expected that 5,600,000 square metres of housing will be completed by the end of this year.

An important and indeed decisive role in this sense has been played by the Far Eastern mortgage scheme. As you may know, we have extended it to participants in the special military operation. Loans issued at the record low interest rate of two percent are also available to young families, where the parents are under 36 years of age, as well as to recipients of the Far Eastern Hectare, employees of defence plants, teachers, and doctors. The same mortgage plan – on the same terms – is available in the Arctic regions.

We have extended these programmes until the end of 2030. I know that the Government discussed the terms of this mortgage plan for the future. I suggest that we put a full stop here and leave the interest rate for the Far Eastern and Arctic mortgage plans unchanged at two percent per year.

Let me add that since last year, families in the Primorye Territory that have a third child are entitled to a higher sum for mortgage repayment – one million instead of 450,000 rubles, as in the rest of the country.

We have agreed that the same payment of one million rubles should be introduced for families with many children in all Far Eastern regions, where the birth rate is lower than the average for the Federal District. I ask my colleagues to speed up the approval of relevant laws so that this measure enters into effect as of July 1 of this year, that is, retroactively.

I would like to dwell separately on issues that are of great importance for families and our citizens who live far from the “mainland,” so to say. I mean hard to access small towns and villages in the Russian Far East and the Arctic.

Our goal is to ensure regular and uninterrupted supplies for these communities, while also reducing delivery time and costs. Last year, we passed a law governing the supply of essential goods to the northern territories, which enabled us to switch to a centralised approach when planning these deliveries at the federal level, while the regions coordinate the way it is implemented on the ground.

The transport sector views shipping and handling essential goods as an utmost priority. We can issue budget loans for buying and delivering these essentials to the northern regions. There is also an effort to develop the core elements of the transport and logistics network we use for these deliveries, including roads, railway stations, seaports and river ports, and airports.

Starting in 2025, a single sea operator will be tasked with overseeing deliveries to the northern territories. For now, this project will run in pilot mode. This operator will handle cargo shipments in Chukotka. Moving forward, the project will also cover Yakutia, the Kamchatka Territory, as well as the Arkhangelsk Region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Healthcare services for people living in remote communities, cities and villages, are a separate topic. Some settlements in Russia’s Far East can only be accessed by rail. And they lack specialists for offering health check-ups and occupational health assessments, and providing other healthcare services.

A mobile diagnostics centre will start operating across five regions of Russia’s Far East this September, and next year eight more regions will be added to this scheme. This train will be a real outpatient clinic and a pharmacy on wheels with advanced equipment and specialist doctors.

They will be able to carry out a wide range of tests and to seek advice from their colleagues at Russia’s leading research centres, while using AI when drafting medical opinions. Of course, they will offer professional healthcare services, considering that all people in Russia need them regardless of where they live.

In this context, I would like to thank Russian Railways and all the doctors, nurses, railway workers and other specialists who are taking part in this noble undertaking. People really need it. I would like to ask the Government to help this company and ensure that this cutting-edge train-based medical facility and pharmacy does its jobs in an uninterrupted and effective manner.

There is one more thing. We will continue our efforts to develop local air service in order to bring cities and villages in Russia’s Far East closer to one another. As I have already said, we expect annual passenger traffic on domestic flights within the region to reach four million people. I have instructed the Government to approve a plan setting forth specific steps and initiatives to achieve this. It goes without saying that the effort to draft it has been too slow, which means that all the decisions we need in this regard must be taken without delay.

The air fleet is, of course, a major issue. We must build our own planes that are reliable and meet our quality requirements, and they must be produced in sufficient quantities. In this context, I am asking the relevant entities to step up their efforts to develop a passenger version of the Baikal, a light multi-purpose aircraft. It must enter serial production soon. Meanwhile, you must keep in mind that its price and characteristics must be competitive so that the airline tickets when using these planes are affordable for our people. Otherwise, we will have to offer subsidies of some sort.

Friends,

In the past few years, the Far East has gained popularity among young people seeking interesting careers, as well as trained specialists looking to showcase their skills and expertise in various fields.

Over the past eight years, the Far East has experienced a consistent rise in the number of young people between the ages of 20 and 24, thanks to our targeted support measures.

For example, we increased lump-sum payments under the Country Teacher, Country Doctor and Country Paramedic programmes. Today, teachers and doctors who relocate to Far Eastern villages and towns receive two million rubles each, while each nurse and paramedic receives one million rubles. We have already agreed to extend these programmes until 2030 and to maintain the double rate of regional payments for the Far East.

Another decision concerns the Country Culture Worker programme, which aims to support the employees of rural clubs, art centres, libraries, music schools and museums. In effect, these people protect our cultural sovereignty and identity, our traditional values, and educate young people.

I ask the Government to start implementing this programme from January 1, 2025. Of course, we need to stipulate higher regional lump-sum payments for culture workers moving to Far Eastern communities, and we should also involve them in the Far Eastern Mortgage programme.

I would like to add that we will continue to establish new museums in the Far East. As part of this work, I would like to instruct the concerned officials to perpetuate the memory of the Kuril amphibious landing, one of the final battles of World War II. This event symbolises the courage of our officers and soldiers who captured the seemingly impregnable enemy fortifications.

Colleagues,

Dedicated, courageous people with strong spirits where the ones who wrote the history of Russia’s Far East, a huge region that accounts for almost 40 percent of our national territory. They studied and defended this land, preserved and perpetuated the traditions of its indigenous people, added new locations to the map of Russia, built cities, factories, roads and developed mineral deposit sites.

Among our forefathers who developed the Far East there was a sense of devotion to serving their cause and their Fatherland. And the love of their Motherland enabled them to pursue grand and ambitious designs and objectives. Even today, their heroism, self-sacrifice and accomplishments inspire so many of our people, and all these specialists − doctors, teachers, cultural workers, whom I have just mentioned, university faculty members, business owners – everyone working in Russia’s Far East or who plans to dedicate their lives to this region, including officials in regional administrations and municipalities.

Launched in 2022 in this region, the Muravyov-Amursky Programme provides for training public administration officials. We have expanded it to include the Arctic region. It has been quite popular and competitive with up to 80 applications per scholarship. People who are young and ambitious can see that developing the Far East and the Arctic is one of the most interesting and promising objectives for our country. We will make sure to extend this programme at least until 2030.

Let me reiterate that government bodies at all levels, as well as the business community, NGOs and people in general will have to make a meaningful contribution to carrying out new national projects and programmes. Through these efforts, these undertakings will acquire a Far Eastern dimension and will facilitate the development of this region considering its strategic importance for Russia, as well as improve the quality of life there.

Of course, we will expand ties between Russia’s Far East and our country in general with our foreign partners, friends, states and corporate entities, who are interested in promoting steady, lasting and mutually beneficial cooperation. This would enable us to further strengthen Russia’s international standing.

I am certain that together, we will succeed in these endeavours.

Thank you for your attention.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you, Mr President.

I will give the floor to our guests a bit later. But first I have a few clarifying questions.

A look at Rosstat figures for 2023 shows that only slightly more than 7.8 million people live in the Far East. The same year, the number of population increased due to migration in three regions – Kamchatka, Yakutia and Chukotka. You also said that the number of young people moving there had increased over the past eight years. Nevertheless, the situation cannot be called stable: as you said, migration inflow increased in 2021, and there was a migration outflow, even though a small one, in 2023.

You pointed out in your address that one of the measures expected to encourage people to stay in the Far East was the master plans we are discussing now.

What else do you think should be done to improve life in the Far East?

I understand that talking about this could take long.

Vladimir Putin: Yes, talking about this could take long. We certainly should do more than we have been doing so far. This is obvious. But at least we can focus on two main aspects.

First, we must start improving conditions now and create interesting and promising jobs. And second, we must make life more comfortable for the people in the region.

But the most important thing is for every person and family to see that it is a long haul, that our planning horizon is long, and that living and working here hold a promise for them and their children. It is important to have prospects, because overall we would like to see more young people moving here, people who are our future and who have ambitious goals. We must create conditions for them to realise their ambitions. This is the main thing.

Alexandra Suvorova: I have another clarifying question. You have sad that the experience of master plans in the Far East will also be applied in other regions. How exactly will this be done?

Vladimir Putin: I have already said that novelty – if we can call it that – consists in combining spatial and economic development. How was the work organised in the Soviet period in both the Russian Far East and Siberia? They built an industrial plant and a shantytown in the vicinity. And that’s all.

Alexandra Suvorova: A backbone enterprise.

Vladimir Putin: Right, this is how it is called up till now. A backbone enterprise! A plant is built and some shanties nearby, where people could live. The BAM, incidentally, was being developed in the same way. Very many enterprises and regions developed that way, too. A plant plus something in the vicinity for people to live in. It was only later, when people began living under these conditions, that [the higher-ups] gave some thought to what could be done additionally to make their life worthy of human beings.

The new approach we are proposing is different in that it is necessary to do both things in parallel. As soon as we start building a facility, we should plan for where and how people will live, what they will do [in their free time], and what should be done in the area of education, culture, and health services. These projects must be implemented right away.

In certain places…I will not even name them now – I wanted to, but, I think, OK, I’ll refrain from doing that because it is certain that far from all has been done the way they wanted to. If I say something now, others will comment: this and that has been left unfinished. This may be so and something has really been left unfinished, but the principle is that you get going right away and in parallel, creating the infrastructure for life and developing production facilities and the economy in the broad sense of the word.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

And now, as I promised, I give the floor to our guests.

Vladimir Putin: Excuse me, I’ve already said that we are trying to develop 22 populated localities based on this principle. In the next few years, it should be extended to some two hundred populated localities across this country.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

Now I give the floor to the Prime Minister of Malaysia.

Mr Ibrahim, please come to the podium and we are looking forward to your opening remarks.

Prime Minister of Malaysia Anwar bin Ibrahim: (Speaks Russian) Hallo.

Dear President Vladimir Putin,

Vice President of China Han Zheng,

Excellencies, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen.

First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to President Vladimir Putin for inviting me to this pre-eminent and momentous forum here in Vladivostok. It is also momentous for me on a personal level because, believe it or not, this is my very first visit to Russia.

More than 50 years ago, when I was still an active youth leader, I flew Aeroflot and transited through Moscow airport on my way to Belgium for the International Youth Conference. We were not allowed to disembark – only to the transit hotel. So I never got the chance to set foot on Russian soil.

And it is a real pleasure to be finally in Vladivostok, where history blends seamlessly with progress, and where the vastness of Russia meets the boundless promise of the Asia-Pacific.

As a crossroads of commerce, this city has been shaped by diverse influences, reflecting a rich heritage of Russian and East Asian traditions, making Vladivostok a concept of cultures. Beyond its economic significance, Vladivostok holds a distinctive place in Russian history as a vital seaport and the eastern terminus of the legendary Trans-Siberian Railway. This city truly embodies Russia’s connection with the East.

Here we find a powerful symbol of our gathering – a convergence of geography, ideas, aspirations and futures. Since its inception in 2015, the Eastern Economic Forum has consistently drawn visionaries and leaders from around the world. This is fitting, as Northeast Asia, which includes the Russian Far East, is a region of vibrant economic dynamism and immense potential. Indeed, it contributes about a fifth of the world’s GDP. I would therefore like to thank President Putin for his vision and leadership in establishing this forum, which continues to foster meaningful dialogue and collaboration.

Ladies and gentlemen,

Russia is not just a strategic and economic reality that commands attention. Indeed, as a cultural, intellectual and scientific force, Russia’s prominence on the global stage transcends the confines of commerce and geopolitics, reaching deep into the very fabric of human history and thought. Russia’s pre-eminence stems not from military might or economic leverage, crucial as that may be, but from the enduring power of ideas, the beauty of artistic expression and an unwavering pursuit of knowledge. These achievements form the bedrock of the remarkable soft power earning Russia a place of global respect and admiration, influencing the hearts and minds of peoples around the world.

For me personally, this influence is most powerfully felt in literature. I say this with an honest conviction because having drunk deeply from the wellsprings of English and Malay literature in my early education, and then later having immersed in the works of Dante, Shakespeare and Milton, I do believe that life would be so much poorer without literature, particularly Russian literature.

In this regard, I can’t sing enough praise for the great Russian authors and poets who have explored the profound complexities of life, unparalleled insight, and whose works have had a lasting impact on my understanding of society and the human condition. For instance, the works of Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy, just to name a few, delve into the moral and philosophical dilemmas that define what it means to be human. While Dostoevsky challenges us to engage with the intricacies of faith, doubt and the human soul, Tolstoy invites us to reflect on the nature of power, responsibility, and the passage of time, transcending the literary significance.

The appreciation of Russian literature manifests the depth of this great nation’s impact on global thought and its capacity to inform our understanding of our own ideas and our roles within the currents of history. Furthermore, the appeal and power of Russian literature extends beyond its philosophical underpinnings. Writers like Chekhov, Pushkin, Pasternak and also my favourite, Anna Akhmatova, have brought to life the joys, sorrows and struggles of everyday existence with the realism that has resonated with me deeply.

Ladies and gentlemen,

In its pivotal role in advancing human knowledge through science and technology, Russia has consistently pushed the boundaries of possibility. From pioneering efforts in space exploration to groundbreaking work in nuclear physics and cybernetics. As you have heard it yourself, the vision and the plan as expounded by the President covers a comprehensive area which is developmental as much as it is human. These contributions reflect a deep-seated commitment to understanding and mastering the natural world, underscoring Russia’s importance in the collective progress of humanity.

We are witnessing a troubling trend of protectionism that threatens to fragment the global economy. The rise of tariffs, trade barriers and restrictions on technological exchange constitute troubling developments. In this regard, the rise of the Global South does not signify merely a shift of economic power, but a reconfiguration of global influence, encompassing countries across Asia. China, India, Africa and Latin America – the Global South is on a trajectory to play a pivotal role in reshaping the future of the world economy.

According to recent estimates, the Global South now accounts for roughly 40 percent of the world’s economic output and is home to about 85 percent of the global population. By 2030, it is projected that three of the four largest economies will be from the Global South. This rise is a reality that presents both challenges and opportunities.

For Malaysia, it is essential there are strong ties to share the growth and to contribute to a more balanced global order. Like Russia, we see the potential of these developing economies and we are committed to fostering partnerships that can drive mutual prosperity. In this vein, Malaysia is actively pursuing opportunities within the Global South and joining fellow nations that seek to create a new paradigm of development, one that is more inclusive, equitable, sustainable and resilient.

In a world of increasing complexity, our future prosperity depends on our ability to adapt, innovate, and build relationships that cut across traditional boundaries. The Global South is rising, and Malaysia intends to rise with it.

Being an open economy, Malaysia prides itself on doing business with the entire world and we have benefited greatly from being a vital node in globalised supply chains. Central to this effort is the MADANI Economy Framework, which has implemented structural reform initiatives to trailblaze a more sustainable, inclusive future path for our nation.

In Malaysia-Russia bilateral relations, one area ripe for collaboration includes Islamic finance, where Malaysia is regarded as a global leader, boasting a robust ecosystem of institutions that not only adhere to sharing our principles but also drive innovation in financial investments. Russia, with its sizable Muslim population, stands at a threshold of enormous potential in Islamic finance. I believe that the introduction of Islamic banking in Russia can facilitate joint projects and attract significant investments from Muslim majority nations.

In agriculture, Russia has made remarkable strides, becoming a significant global player in this sector. As one of the world’s largest grain producers and exporters, Russia plays a crucial role in ensuring global food security. Russia’s agricultural exports have been instrumental in stabilising global markets amid ongoing supply chain disruptions.

Turning to education and research, Russia has a long-standing reputation for excellence, particularly in STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics). Russian universities have consistently ranked among the best globally, producing world-class scientists, engineers and researchers. The recent establishment of the Russian-Malaysian High Tech Centre in Malaysia underscores our commitment to fostering technological innovation and academic excellence.

In facilitating cooperation in developing high-tech solutions, particularly in energy efficiency, data transmission and smart city technologies, we can harness our collective strength to drive innovation and address the challenges of the 21^st century. Additionally, the striving for cutting-edge advancements such as AI and semiconductor technologies should be guided by humanistic and altruistic values to ensure that tech rivalry and inequity do not result in hindrances to free trade in a more fragmented geopolitical landscape.

Ladies and gentlemen,

As the upcoming ASEAN Chair, Malaysia will not only focus on strengthening existing ASEAN mechanisms and institutions, but also find synergies with other regions and key dialogue partners to foster development and prosperity. In forging ahead with this approach, our utmost priority will be the need to reinforce the paramount principles of ASEAN centrality, which constitutes the linchpin for consensus building that in turn binds member states in cohesive action.

We will intensify our engagement with other subregions and leverage ties with our strategic partners, including Russia. In light of this, in applying to join BRICS, Malaysia aims to diversify our economic diplomacy efforts and enhance collaboration. I would like to take a moment to express my profound thanks and gratitude to President Putin for his gracious invitation for me to attend the forthcoming BRICS summit in Kazan in October.

We are entering an era marked by intense superpower rivalry, significant global economic upheavals, as well as trade and technology as tools to consolidate power bases against the growing existential threat of climate change. Together, we should continue to cooperate, speak in a unified voice and exchange ideas, strategy and best policy practices, to build a future of even greater peace and prosperity in Asia and the world.

Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen,

As we chart the path forward together, let us remember that the true strength of our partnership lies not only in the agreements we sign or the projects that we jointly undertake, but in the shared vision and mutual respect that bind our nations.

(In Russian) Thank you very much.

When we are part of the globalised world, we believe in continuing our trade relationship with all. We have traditionally, cumulatively very strong investment and trade with the United States and Europe. We are building a greater collaboration with China, by forging stronger bonds. China remains one of our major, key partners.

Russia has traditionally been a good country with which we work well diplomatically, but as I said to President Putin last night, there are vast opportunities in Russia considering its resilience, its capacity to expand in all sectors.

Now, being in BRICS would allow us to benefit and share. Malaysia is now a hub for semiconductors in the region. There are some fields that we can share, but there are a lot of other areas, and I think the Global South network of BRICS will give us an opportunity to leverage, to ensure that there are fair trade practices, that the international financial infrastructure is not monopolised by one country or one region. Essentially it will be beneficial not only to Malaysia, but I think to the Global South and naturally to the whole world.

(Speaks Russian) Thank you.

Alexandra Suvorova: Mr Ibrahim, first, I would like to congratulate you on coming here at last.

I would very much like to talk about the mysterious Russian soul and philosophy that you touched upon in your speech, but we will have to focus on topical issues, including BRICS, also mentioned by you: Malaysia would like to join the association.

Could you be more specific about the benefits of this decision?

Prime Minister of Malaysia Anwar Ibrahim: I met with a number of leading Russian companies yesterday and this morning. As a matter of policy, we do not accept unilateral sanctions, as the Vice President of China mentioned. Of course, we are careful so that we are not seen as confronting any power or economic power, in particular.

So, we focus on economic zones in the country, and as for the Russian companies, I have told them that we are an independent country, and we want to be engaging with Russia more effectively. I was delighted that many of them are coming. When I asked them, “When are you coming or what are you planning?” Some were saying, “We will go next week.” And a group will come in October.

So, there is interesting progress and interest. Of course, we are fortunate because our relations with China are currently stable. In the last quarter, we had growth of 5.9 percent, with inflation of 2 percent, and with huge investment also from the United States, particularly, in the digital and energy sectors, and from Germany, in particular.

So, I think we will do whatever is necessary. You know, we can learn from the comprehensive plan package that President Putin mentioned. And there is enormous potential. Russians should not in any way feel that we are influenced by others’ prejudice.

There is this potential and this special relationship that Malaysia wants to offer to Russia as a friend of ours.

Alexandra Suvorova: Mr President, speaking about the BRICS summit, due to take place in Kazan already in late October, what are you expecting from the summit that will involve new BRICS members?

I’d like to remind you that in late 2023, Russia’s trade with BRICS partners reached $294 billion. Regarding trade, what do you think about its future development, and how do you evaluate the current pace of settlements in national currencies? Has de-dollarisation become a well-established trend, or is this a timeserving consideration? What do you think?

Vladimir Putin: First of all, I would like to say that we are not conducting a policy of de-dollarisation. We did not renounce settlements in dollars; they denied us such settlements, and we were simply forced to look for other options; this is it. However, this is not most important.

The most important thing is that the currency of any country reflects its economic might. The larger the economy, the more partners it has. Consequently, the national currency of any particular country becomes more popular during settlements. Naturally, when there are many partners, any economy wants to use the currency of this country. This is why the use of any country’s currency depends on the role of this country’s economy in the global economy.

Naturally, after World War II, the United States, successfully took advantage of the war’s economic results, implemented the Marshall Plan for Europe and established one single financial system, the Bretton Woods system. Later, it made slight adjustments to this system and set up another one. It established the dollar as the common global currency. I want to repeat, this depended and still depends on the country’s economic might.

As Mr Prime Minister has just said, the global economic situation is changing. The countries of the Global South, as well as the BRICS countries, account for over 50 percent and about one-third of the global GDP, respectively. I would like to emphasise that priorities in using certain currencies are also changing naturally.

For example, as much as almost 65 percent of transactions we carry out with our BRICS partners are denominated in our respective national currencies. This is a natural process. However, the financial and political authorities in the United States have facilitated this process by acting in this unscrupulous, unprofessional manner.

I think that they have already understood their mistake but feel that it would be too late for them to change course. It seems that they believe that recognising their mistake would be somehow inappropriate for them, let alone changing the way they act. After all, they can see that the tools they use are ineffective. We simply switch to our national currencies. But it is too late for them to back out. It could be that only people who will replace the current generation of politicians will be able to do something about it. In fact, changing something amounts to recognising your mistakes. This could be a challenge for them.

Why are they acting this way? They probably expected everything to crumble here. This is why they made it impossible for us to use the US dollar. But we are dealing with objective trends, and they are simply pushing them forward, while at its core it is the economic growth that defines the effort to rely on other currencies.

We all know very well that today, China is the world’s number one economy by purchasing power parity. Of course, the US has a powerful and robust economy with its own unique structure, but the People’s Republic of China has a bigger economy. The United States is the world’s second largest economy. And the gap between the two is growing by the year. This is why the yuan has been used in international transactions. The United States ranks second, and India is the world’s third largest economy. Russia is the fourth economy of the world by purchasing power parity. We got ahead of Europe’s economic powerhouse, Germany, and left Japan behind not that long ago. These are not our projections – they come from international experts.

Let me reiterate that Japan, Germany and the United States have a lot of advantages, primarily in terms of the way their economies are structured, as well as their high technology and so forth, but the size of their economies also matters, since it creates opportunities for investing in the most promising sectors and undertakings.

Therefore, let me reiterate that this is a natural process that has nothing to do with momentary political considerations. Still, the authorities in Europe and the United States have simply accelerated these processes by acting in this unscrupulous and unprofessional manner.

As for our relations with BRICS countries, we are developing them and have been quite successful in these efforts. Russia, China and India are the so-called founding fathers of this association. We were the ones who launched this process back in 2005 by forming RIC – a platform for Russia, India and China. Brazil joined us down the road, followed by South Africa. We have recently expanded this framework to include new participants.

This is also a positive process. In fact, more than 30 countries around the world have expressed their readiness to work with BRICS, and some of them want to be part of this association. The new BRICS countries are self-sufficient emerging economies with their own unique culture. These are very interesting countries. There is no doubt that they will have a positive impact in terms of developing this organisation.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you, Mr President.

I will now turn to Vice President of the People’s Republic of China Han Zheng, who represents another BRICS country. You have the floor.

Vice President of the People's Republic of China Han Zheng (retranslated): Good afternoon, President Putin, Prime Minister Anwar,

Forum participants, ladies and gentlemen, friends.

I am happy to be with you at the 9th Eastern Economic Forum.

First of all, I would like to convey best regards from President Xi Jinping and the Government of China on the beginning of the forum.

Vladivostok is a window of cooperation with our partners in the Far East. It was at President Putin’s initiative that Vladivostok hosted the first Eastern Economic Forum in 2015. Thanks to its consistent development, it has become an important venue for finding consensus and solutions to development issues.

Its theme this year is Far East 2030. Combining Strengths to Create New Potential, which reflects the current situation and requirements of regional countries. Our shared goal is to promote cooperation and build up mutual trust to the benefit of all.

The Chinese-Russian relations of comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction are growing sustainably in the new age under the strategic guidance of President Xi Jinping and President Putin. This year, our heads of state met in Beijing and Astana, where they set out the plans and parameters of the further development of our bilateral relations and multifaceted cooperation, with the 75th anniversary of our diplomatic relations as a new reference point.

Out two countries have joined efforts to overcame all difficulties in this volatile international situation. We are moving steadfastly on our own path and tackling our problems in order to bring practical benefits to our people and to contribute to the revival and growth of the global economy.

Northeast China and Russia’s Far East are geographic neighbours with close ties between our people. These regions have mutually complementing advantages in trade, investment, energy and transport connectivity, and so they are natural partners.

China has been the largest trade partner and source of foreign investment in the [Russian] Far East for years. Trade between China and the Far East reached $33.8 billion in 2023, an increase of 54 percent.

Currently, China's Northeast is comprehensively cultivating a new frontier of China's openness to the outside world, which is in line with Russia's Far East development strategy. The leaders of our two countries attach great importance to cooperation between China's Northeast and the Russian Far East, and pay personal attention to it.

Given this, we should note the 8^th China-Russia EXPO, which was successfully held in Harbin in May. President Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory message to it, and President Putin personally attended it, which served as a strategic guide for bilateral cooperation. The connectivity between the development of these regions and expanding their cooperation is very timely and promising.

We are ready to follow the important agreements at the highest level together with the Russian side, to strengthen interconnectivity at an accelerated pace, both in terms of cross-border infrastructure and harmonisation of the rules and standards, to increase the scale and quality of cooperation, to strengthen the foundation for long-term sustainable development of China-Russia relations in the new era, and to make our contribution to the prosperity and stability of the region and the world.

Ladies and gentlemen, friends,

Against the background of tremendous changes in the international environment unseen in the past century, aspirations for peace, development, cooperation and win-win remain an unstoppable trend. The concept of the Community of Common Destiny for Mankind – the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilisation Initiative launched by President Xi Jinping, represent China's solution to global governance, bring confidence to the world and give impetus to collective efforts to confront challenges and achieve common development.

We stand ready with the countries of the region to consolidate efforts, strengthen cohesion and cooperation, and jointly promote peace, stability, prosperity and development of the entire region. In this regard, I would like to propose the following.

First, it is necessary to adhere to the principles of openness and inclusiveness, which are the leitmotif of the modern world. Cooperation in the spirit of openness is the trend of the era. China unswervingly pursues the strategy of openness with a focus on mutual benefit and win-win, promotes development of an open world economy, opposes protectionism and attempts to disrupt and break chains. It stands against unilateral sanctions and increased pressure. We are ready to build up and enhance cohesion with the countries of the region based on the principles of openness, justice and mutual respect and seek joint development.

Second, we should promote mutually beneficial cooperation. It is a major development driver in the region. The unique resources and high complementarity of Northeast Asian economies are the foundation for broad cooperation prospects. We should actively search for new points of the convergence of interests, highlighting our advantages, acting jointly to protect our stable and smoothly operating value chains, and strengthening our interaction in the new sectors such as artificial intelligence, the digital economy and green economy to the benefit of the cooperative development of regional countries.

Third, we should ensure comprehensive development and security. Security is an earnest of development, and development is a guarantee of security. China is firmly committed to worldwide peace, is stimulating global development and is resolutely opposing hegemonism and all manifestations of the position-of-strength policy, the Cold War mentality, interference in the internal affairs of other countries and double standards.

Ensuring peace and stability, which have been maintained in Northeast Asia by and large, is anything but simple. We are ready to join efforts with all parties to stimulate dialogue and exchanges and to build up mutual understanding for protecting regional security in the long term.

Ladies and gentlemen, friends,

During the recent third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, we set forth an ambitious plan for the comprehensive deepening of reforms and promoting China’s modernisation. Our modernisation is proceeding on the path of peaceful development and is benefitting the entire world. China will continue to promote high-quality development and high-level openness, offering new possibilities for the region and the world through the example of its development.

We are ready to join efforts with our partners to promote global modernisation, are focused on peaceful development, mutually beneficial cooperation and global wellbeing, and we are ready to contribute to the modernisation of our region and the world as a whole.

In conclusion I would like to wish fruitful work to the forum participants.

Thank you.

Alexandra Suvorova: We are grateful to Vice President of China Han Zheng for his address.

Mr President, I, of course, cannot overlook the current topical news agenda, and quite often, it does not concern the Far East and our expanding collaboration with the Asia Pacific region. For over a month, the Armed Forces of Ukraine have been hitting border territories of the Russian Federation, and several Russian regions are under attack.

What do you think about the overall situation in the special military operation zone on various fronts, as well as in border regions? How grave is the nuclear threat now that the Armed Forces of Ukraine are also attacking the Kursk and Zaporozhye Nuclear Power Plants?

Vladimir Putin: When we talk about these issues, we should, first of all, think about the people who are certainly experiencing serious ordeals and suffering from these terrorist attacks. It is the sacred duty of the Armed Forces to do everything possible for expelling the enemy from these territories and reliably protecting our citizens. Of course, the entire country should do its best to support the people.

Regarding the military aspect of the matter, I have already said that the enemy wanted to make us nervous, to start rushing around, to redeploy troops from one sector to another and to stop our offensive in key sectors, primarily Donbass. The liberation of Donbass is our high-priority goal. Did the enemy succeed? No, it accomplished nothing.

First, our Armed Forces stabilised the situation and started gradually pushing the enemy from border territories. Second, nothing hampers our offensive, and this is the most important thing. On the contrary, by redeploying its sufficiently large and well-trained units to border areas, the enemy weakened its positions in key sectors, and our troops expedited their offensive operations.

We have not made such impressive territorial gains for a long time. The day before yesterday, the Vostok group seized a triangle measuring seven by five kilometres during one strike. The Centre group is operating very successfully in the Donetsk and Pokrovsk sectors. We are gaining several square kilometres, rather than several hundred metres, there – four by five, three by five kilometres, etc. This is the second thing.

And last but not least, the enemy has been sustaining enormous losses in personnel and equipment. I will not list everything now. The Russian Defence Ministry provides this data, and I consider it objective as it can be confirmed by several sources. On the one hand, there is a risk of crushing the most crucial sectors of the front as the losses may lead to the entire armed forces losing combat capacity. This is exactly what we are trying to achieve.

This is my overall assessment. As to what is happening daily, naturally, the General Headquarters and the Defence Ministry report to me several times per day every day.

Alexandra Suvorova: You have already noted that people are the most important asset – both people living on those territories and people defending them.

Yesterday, here in Vladivostok, you visited the home station…

Vladimir Putin: I am sorry, I missed one thing. You also mentioned the attacks on a nuclear power plant.

Alexandra Suvorova: Yes, the Kursk and Zaporozhye Nuclear Power Plants.

Vladimir Putin: Those were very serious terrorist attacks. One can only imagine what will happen if we give a commensurate response, what will happen to this part of Europe.

Alexandra Suvorova: Speaking about the events yesterday, you visited the home station of the Primorye Flotilla in Vladivostok and said that recently, you had spoken on the phone with the Commander of the 155^th Marine Brigade whose servicemen are currently serving in the zone of the special military operation. When you had asked the Commander about any everyday issues, he had said there were none. But yesterday, when you spoke to his superior, issues were actually raised – in particular, problems with housing.

How often do you see similar inconsistencies?

Vladimir Putin: It was not an inconsistency. There are actual problems there… Problems always exist, but the Commander of the 155^th Marine Brigade did not raise them because in Snegovaya Pad, a place he had chosen himself for future personnel housing, the construction is underway and local officials are helping. But, of course, it is important to fulfill these plans in due time, and I am sure that they will be.

Some other commanders pointed out actual pressing problems that need to be solved as soon as possible. I also spoke to the Commander of the 810^th Marine Brigade of the Black Sea Fleet. They also need housing to be built for the military personnel serving in the border zone right now. Their operations are very successful. These guys are simply heroes.

Incidentally, regarding the issue as a whole, one of the adversary’s objectives was to saw panic, destabilise the internal political situation in Russia, impart uncertainty to our actions, and so on. But what has this led to? On the contrary, it has led to society’s consolidation, as is always the case in Russia in such circumstances. This is evidenced by the fact that the number of people, our men, who feel the need to protect the Motherland, who sign contracts with the Armed Forces, has grown exponentially.

As for the social guarantees, our country must by all means get things done, deliver on all objectives, rather than just think about it. The commander of the 810^th Marine Brigade of the Black Sea Fleet told me about this. But the local authorities, I mean the Crimean authorities, are ready to do everything to provide land and they will do this shortly, if, of course, the Defence Ministry is short of land of its own, but it does have enough land.

I have instructed the Defence Ministry and the General Staff to submit relevant proposals. The necessary resources will be assigned.

Alexandra Suvorova: You said that Kiev might agree to hold talks with Russia after the collapse of its provocation in the Kursk Region. So it turns out that there were, after all, some prospects for a peaceful solution before that?

Vladimir Putin: We have spoken about this time and again. We have coordinated practically all parameters of a possible peace agreement with representatives of the Kiev government. More than that, the head of the Kiev delegation at the talks – he still heads the faction of the ruling party in parliament, the Verkhovna Rada – initialed these agreements. Of course, it was necessary to specify some points, but on the whole it was a signed official document.

Then Mr Johnson arrived in Kiev – it is a known fact, and the UK authorities confirm it – so he came and ordered the Ukrainians to fight till the last Ukrainian, which is what is happening today, in order to inflict a strategic defeat on Russia. But this is failing. The official Ukrainian authorities said in public that had they performed what we had agreed on with them rather than obeyed their masters from other countries, the war would have come to an end long ago. But they have chosen a different path, and you can see the result.

Are we ready to negotiate with them? We have never refused it. However, not on the basis of some ephemeral demands but on the basis of the documents that were agreed and actually initialised in Istanbul.

Alexandra Suvorova: Is there an insight as to which country may be the mediator this time should the talks take place further on?

Vladimir Putin: We respect our friends and partners, whom I consider to be sincerely interested in resolving all the issues pertaining to this conflict. This is primarily the People's Republic of China, Brazil and India. I am in constant contact with our colleagues on this issue. I have no doubt that the leaders of these countries – we have trustful relations with them – are genuinely keen to help sort out all the details of this complicated process, which, of course, I would like to recall, began with the coup d’état in Ukraine in 2014. After all, that’s where it all began!

We have always been told about human rights, about some international law principles which must be observed by everybody. And what does this mean: an anti-constitutional and bloody coup, what is this? This led to the fact that part of the population of the country did not agree with the results and, in general, with this coup, and began to fight for their rights. Finally, everything boiled down to the current conflict.

That’s what it is all about, but they prefer not to recall it. However, we know what the matter is, and we will certainly defend our interests and the interests of those people who are close to us and who are speakers of the Russian language, people of Russian culture, and Russian traditions, whom, by the way, our guest today spoke so vividly about.

Alexandra Suvorova: Mr President, we all understand perfectly well that in general, and you have just mentioned this, negotiations are possible not directly with Kiev, but with its Western handlers. But in the case of negotiations, do you think that they can still be trusted?

After all, if we look even at historical facts, Russia has been deceived, we can say, more than once. This includes the cases of NATO's eastward expansion and the Minsk agreements. It was not us who breached them. Have we made any conclusions?

Vladimir Putin: You see, is there any other way? Yes, we understand who we are dealing with. They are people who do not value and treat without any respect the interests of other countries and nations. Such people, unfortunately, exist – they easily break all the commitments they have made, even signed documents.

So, what is to be done? We just need to look for such forms and guarantees that could work somehow or to any extent. Still, the core security guarantee is the growth of the economy and military potential of the Russian Federation itself, reliable and sustainable relations with our partners and allies.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

Mr Ibrahim, we just discussed with President Putin the fact that Russia had always tried to find a peaceful solution to the crisis.

As an observer, why do you think the Istanbul talks failed?

Anwar Ibrahim: I mentioned to President Putin last night that I happened to be on a visit to Istanbul and President Erdogan asked me to extend the visit for a day because he was busy monitoring the development of the progressive negotiations, and actually I knew and I thought at the time that the issue would be over because, apparently, both parties agreed on the principal parameters.

I am of course of the view that you must secure peace and it would help immensely not only these two countries but the entire world. Because it is disrupting the global chain of supplies, et cetera.

But you must start from somewhere and, as I understand, the parameters set down in Istanbul were the basis for the understanding and you work from there. Both sides agreed and I think President Putin is right, we believe that we must begin somewhere with the parameters that are fair and just. And one cannot renege on the commitment on these issues. I think most countries should then insist that some basis, particularly what was agreed upon, must be honoured so that we can secure peace as soon as possible.

Vladimir Putin: (addressing Alexandra Suvorova) You’ve said that we failed to reach an agreement in Istanbul during the talks mediated by President Erdogan. But we managed to agree – that’s the trick! – as evidenced by the signature of the head of the Ukrainian delegation that initialed that document, which means that the Ukrainian side was generally satisfied with the agreements reached. The document did not come into force only because the Ukrainians were ordered not to do this. The elites in the United States and some European countries felt the desire to seek Russia’s strategic defeat.

They thought they could use the opportunity to bring Russia to its knees, dismember it or whatever else they were planning to do. They thought here it is, manna from heaven for them, and they will achieve all their strategic goals that they had been craving for dozens or hundreds of years. That’s what it was all about. Boris Johnson came and said: “Don’t do it. Just fight till the last Ukrainian.” And fighting they do, to this very day.

I sometimes have a feeling that people at the helm in Ukraine are some kind of aliens or foreigners. As a matter of fact, they are not thinking properly – I’m serious – given such enormous losses they have sustained. I don’t understand what else they will be doing. They will have to once again lower the conscription age to enlist kids, as Nazi Germany did with the Hitler Youth. But this isn’t going to solve anything, you see.

Alexandra Suvorova: This is going to be total mobilisation, sweeping one and all.

Vladimir Putin: Their mobilisation is total as it is, but the next step is to call up students and so on, to completely bleed the country. Let me say it once again: they make you feel as if Ukrainians are not their own people. Well, in a way it makes sense: the families of the ruling elite live generally outside Ukraine. They can simply hop on a plane and be gone. They don’t think too much about what will happen with their country. All they have been doing is duping the people with nationalist slogans.

But let me repeat. If indeed they express the desire to negotiate… – we have never refused to talk, but only on the basis of the agreements that were reached and initialed in Istanbul.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

Let us go back to what we are discussing today.

Mr Ibrahim, there is such a thing as the “Malaysian economic miracle” which was made possible by the special economic areas that you have created.

What is your business environment like? Are Russian companies welcome?

Anwar Ibrahim: I met with a number of leading Russian companies yesterday and this morning. As a matter of policy, we do not accept unilateral sanctions, as the Vice President of China mentioned. Of course, we are careful so that we are not seen as confronting any power or economic power, in particular.

There is this potential and this special relationship that Malaysia wants to offer to Russia as a friend of ours.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

Mr President, speaking of our special arrangements in the Far East that include the free port of Vladivostok and the priority development areas, how competitive are they compared to similar arrangements in the Asia-Pacific region? Are you satisfied with their performance?

Vladimir Putin: We are striving to create competitive advantages and competitive environment. I will not go over all of them now, since everyone, especially the people sitting in this room, are well aware of them. That includes priority development areas, free [economic] areas, the free port of Vladivostok, and much more. Lots of incentives have been created. When we discuss this with the Government, the Finance Ministry gets nervous and keeps saying that we have created enough incentive and there is no need to come up with more. Enough is enough.

Here is what I would like to share with you: Vice President of the People’s Republic of China spoke about our joint work in Harbin which hosted the economic forum [EXPO]. He was sent there by the President of the People’s Republic of China, our good friend, Mr Xi Jinping. I am also personally grateful to him for taking part in this forum which was quite engaging. Here is what I would like to share with you. Our guest and our audience will find this quite unexpected.

Alexandra Suvorova: Will you let us on a secret?

Vladimir Putin: Yes, I will. Our Finance Ministry will be surprised as well.

Alexandra Suvorova: I am sure Mr Siluanov got nervous.

Vladimir Putin: No, no, they are cool and there is nothing wrong with their health.

Here is what I wanted to share with you. I spoke with our diplomatic mission in Harbin the other day and asked them what else can we do to make more Chinese investors come to the Far East. He said that the Chinese authorities do not put any limits on their entrepreneurs: they are free to go, invest, and do the work. But the environment that the Chinese authorities have created in Harbin is more favourable than the one we have in the Far East. That is the snag.

The Chinese authorities have long been involved in promoting special economic area and have long been creating specific conditions for growth. We need to take a closer look at the incentives that the Chinese authorities have created in their country, including the regions that border on Russia, in order to lure in businesses from other countries, including the friendly nation of China, for it to come and invest in our economy.

We need to scrutinise everything we have done in terms of creating attractive environment and supplement some of the existing tools with innovations to get the interest of the entrepreneurs and businesses and have them come and work in Russia.

Proper conditions are being created, and they are fairly good overall, but there is room for improvement. I just gave you an overview.

Alexandra Suvorova: Mr Zheng, I would be remiss not to ask you what is being done to keep Chinese businesses in China and to prevent them from coming to work in Russia. What is being done to keep them within the borders of China and away from Russia?

Vladimir Putin: Why are you asking provocative questions?

Alexandra Suvorova: It is a provocative question, that is why.

Vladimir Putin: They stay in China, and we should, on the contrary, lure them in.

Han Zheng (retranslated): First of all, the Chinese government encourages our investors to invest in the global economy, including the Russian economy and the economy of the Far East.

President Putin has brought this subject up earlier: let us look at China-Far East cooperation. We discussed this issue during our meeting in Harbin as well. This issue needs to be considered from two sides. On the one hand, northeastern China and the Russian Far East enjoy high levels of cooperation, and the basis for cooperation is solid. These two regions are on track to see their cooperation expand.

As far as I know, trade between northeastern China and the Russian Far East has exceeded $60 billion in the first seven months of this year which accounts for more than 40 per cent of the total trade between our two countries. So, the cooperation prospects are very good, even excellent.

On the other hand, we need to look into the future. First, we need to consolidate the ongoing positive trend between these two regions. There is a solid foundation for cooperation, and the Russian Far East has strong potential for cooperation, including transport logistics, agriculture, energy and the mining industry. Our range of cooperation is quite wide, and we need to consolidate the results of cooperation in these traditional sectors.

This is not enough, however. We must look to the future and expand our areas of cooperation. This includes green development, digital economy and, I think, maritime industry. Culture and art as well, of course. That’s because there is a great potential for cooperation in these areas.

Let me share with you my experience, an adventure. On President Putin’s instruction, this morning I visited two Russian university campuses and a musical conservatory branch in the Primorye Territory. This trip had a profound effect on me. I specifically went and saw these places. Students, from year 3 at school to year 3 at university, were masterful performers of classic music and ballet dancers performing Swan Lake. I was astonished to see those kids.

We have a very high level of cooperation between our countries in these areas, and I am glad to say that the number of Chinese students coming to Russia to study art has been growing by the year. As far as I know, already 40 students have come from the province of Heilongjiang this year.

Therefore there is a mutual interest in these two regions to boost cooperation. The Chinese Government always supports all Chinese firms, be they state-owned or private, to invest in the world economy, the economy of the Russian Far East and the economy of Russia. So we have wide horizons of cooperation.

Thank you.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

Mr Ibrahim, we have heard two secrets here. We would like to hear another one from you. Please tell us if Malaysian business would be interested in coming to the advance development areas, the Vladivostok free port, to fully operate here?

Anwar Ibrahim: For the region, Russia is also something new to us. This is my first visit, and a number of discussions have taken place. Russia as a whole, of course, has been given enough attention. There has been growing trade and investment jointly, of course, in the energy sector, the industrial complex and also digital technology. We are sending more students to Russia, and this can be explored specifically. We are not as powerful as China. We are trying to be but it will take time. Thank you.

Alexandra Suvorova: Mr President, if you look at data furnished by the Ministry for the Development of the Far East, investment into the region has totalled 4,200 billion roubles already. Is it big or small?

Do you think that the rate of investment will remain unchanged given that Yury Trutnev yesterday asked you to raise the target to 12 trillion roubles by 2030?

Vladimir Putin: I think it’s a lot, but it’s not enough.

Alexandra Suvorova: As usual, it’s good, but we need more of it.

Vladimir Putin: Yes. Mr Trutnev routinely reported to me about last year’s results and we routinely took part in launching new projects and enterprises. There is a view that this investment can be increased by at least 1.5 trillion to 12 trillion.

I think this is absolutely realistic.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

Mr President, again, back to the recent events. At the end of August, Pavel Durov, founder and head of Telegram, was detained in Paris. The court eventually decided to keep him under judicial oversight and ordered him to pay a certain amount.

So, what do you think of the actions by the Fifth Republic’s authorities, and did Moscow oppose to what Paris has now done?

And I can’t help but ask. It was written a lot in the same Telegram channels that you had a meeting with him in Baku. Is this true?

Vladimir Putin: I met Mr Durov once in Moscow many years ago, and he was just talking about his plans – I meet with the business community on a regular basis, and he was also at one of the meetings, it was in the Kremlin, I don’t remember when, but many years ago. I repeat, he was talking about his plans of business development. Since then, I have not seen him, we have never had any contacts with him. I don’t really understand why we should meet in Baku. I did not even know that he was there, I had no idea about it.

If there is a desire – a lot of businessmen are present here – everyone knows, I never refuse, we regularly hold such meetings both within the framework of associations of our entrepreneurs, and individually, considering certain projects, especially if business has a need for some guarantees from the state. I, the Prime Minister, federal ministers, regional authorities – I always encourage them to do so, we do not shut ourselves off business people. So, if he had a wish, he could meet with me in Moscow. I don’t know anything about that either. I assumed that he lives in Moscow, I think. I don't know where he is travelling…

Аlexandra Suvorova: Not in Moscow, in Dubai.

Vladimir Putin: Well, in Dubai, they are people of the world, billionaires, they can afford going anywhere. We have not had any claims against him. But I know that many countries did have complaints, given that the platform is used in a certain way by some people and some entities that can damage the economy or security of certain countries through their activities. I think that the Russian Government may have had some concerns about it as well. But this is something that all platforms of this kind do. If they do this to Durov, then others should probably be plugged up, arrested, or put under house arrest or some other kind of detention involving judicial restraint.

Therefore, the actions of the authorities themselves are not very clear to me, as they are selective by nature. I mean the French authorities.

Аlexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

We now return to the subject of today’s meeting.

Mr. Ibrahim, according to last year’s results of, your country received a record number of Russian tourists, 110,000 people. This represents a 37 percent increase over the previous year, and it is evident that this is not the limit. In order for the figure to grow, do Malaysian Airlines plan to launch direct flights from Russia to the country’s resorts?

Anwar Ibrahim: Yes, of course, we should not preclude Aeroflot from going to Malaysia. Firstly, we have become more attractive to Russian tourists. You know that there has been a huge increase this year. I think the issue of flights is one consideration. We have an agreement in principle. We are working on this as fast as possible. And, of course, to introduce Malaysia to the Russian public. I think that, once they get to know the country, it is peaceful, it is economically vibrant – and it is a very beautiful country.

I do not want to compete with Russia or China. At least what we have in Malaysia you do not have in Russia but what you have in Russia we do not have in Malaysia. So, it is important for both countries to increase the tourist traffic because they will see things they have not seen in their countries. And I really hope that there is that potential for Russians to come and we do encourage it.

I mean Malaysia is a friendly nation. There is no prejudice. We are not dictated by any power. And we want to have that sort of special relations with Russia as we have with many countries. I think once you go there you will find out that Malaysia is truly Asia.

Alexandra Suvorova: Mr Ibrahim, we could tell you what to come and see in Russia, but what should Russian tourists see in Malaysia? What is the real Asia, in your opinion? Who, if not the Prime Minister, should be asked this question?

Anwar Ibrahim: Being culturally vibrant society, we have a strong ethnic indigenous and also Malay population. We have a large number of Chinese ethnic minorities and Indians and indigenous tribes. We have a range of virgin jungles and beautiful beaches. As for the climate, we don’t have winter so you can swim throughout the year. That, of course, is to my mind an advantage.

I always have difficulties traveling because you always have to ask questions, is it going to be winter, is it going to be summer, is it going to be hot, or wind, so you have to change clothes. In Malaysia, you can come comfortably, and as long as you are wearing something, you are fine.

Alexandra Suvorova: Your words about how nice and warm it is in Malaysia have made a lot more people smile here.

Vladimir Putin: I’ve been to Malaysia and I would like to confirm all that the Prime Minister just said.

Alexandra Suvorova: Mr President, speaking about tourism, you travel a lot around Russia, and domestic tourism has been developing as well. According to Government data, 83.5 million Russians, or 23 percent more than in 2021, chose Russia as their travel destination in 2023. The Far East Federal District is a leader welcoming over 6 million tourists last year.

What is the economic effect of this rapid growth in domestic tourism?

Vladimir Putin: Tourism in many countries is one of very effectively developing economic sectors. Here’s a simple fact: there are around 5 million of our tourists in Türkiye. Tourism is an important source of income for this country. It is becoming a more efficient economic sector for many countries. This should be true for Russia as well, given our enormous potential for domestic tourism. That’s why our Government adopted a programme for the development of domestic tourism.

We have covered this ground already today, and I won’t be revealing anything new if I say that we must upgrade and build infrastructure and protect the environment to minimise the ill effects of tourism on the nature.

Russia has a lot of programmes such as, for example, “The Five Seas and Lake Baikal”. Many have heard about them, I believe. We subsidise building small hotels, including both residential and non-residential structures for temporary use, and so on. This is producing results, thank God. A region with such gigantic potential as the Far East, is attracting and will be attracting more tourists.

It’s great that our people are prioritising their own country. They should stay in the country of their native language and culture and avoid the trouble of crossing borders and passing customs and so on, while enjoying our nature, history and traditions. This is captivating.

But we need to do a lot to support this choice.

What this means for people in tourist areas is higher living standards next to higher incomes at all levels, bigger budgets at all levels, and people stand to gain from this. The more attractive a region is, the more money businesses are willing to invest, so this is a win-win situation for all. We will do what we can to develop domestic tourism further.

Alexandra Suvorova: But this is over a long term. If you even look at the figures that we have today, I think they basically show that everything is going very well in the country’s economy. Our unemployment rate is 2.4 per cent, a record low. But at the same time, if you take a second look at the statistics, there is now a shortage of personnel in the key sectors of the economy.

How can we fill the gap? Because, say, as of January, 47 per cent of industrial enterprises had a labour shortage. Does this low unemployment rate mean that the economy is developing at a good pace, or does it say that physically there are too few of us?

Vladimir Putin: It is never all good.

Alexandra Suvorova: But there is always something to strive for.

Vladimir Putin: Well, yes, I have already said, I was reminiscing about Faust the other day: “Stay, beautiful moment, do not pass away.” This is, in general, not our way of doing things. One must always strive to achieve new milestones, and everything is never good. But on the whole, Russia’s economy is undoubtedly developing steadily. Last year we were happy about our GDP growth of 3.4 per cent. In the first half of this year – yesterday my colleagues and I discussed what we are going to talk about today – I mentioned a figure of four per cent. I was corrected by [Deputy Head of the Presidential Executive Office] Maxim Oreshkin: No, in the first half of the year we had a 4.6 per cent growth.

Of course, this is a good figure for our economy. I think there will be a correction towards the end of the year, but on the whole we can expect at least a repeat of last year’s result, and, most likely, this growth will be even greater. This is the main indicator of the state of the economy. But, as I said, everything is never good. Malaysia’s inflation rate is two per cent, and unfortunately, we have more. We have a target of somewhere around four per cent, but it reached over nine per cent recently, 9.2 per cent. It’s true that we are witnessing a downward trend now. Inflation is less than nine per cent now, 8.9 per cent, to be exact. And that’s a good thing.

As for the fact that there are not enough of us physically. Well, yes, even Alexander Solzhenitsyn, whom Mr Prime Minister [of Malaysia] recalled, said that the main task of the state is to preserve the people. We need, of course, to address demographic problems and take care of families with children and so on. But the labour market is indeed in a unique position, two something per cent, 2.4 per cent, I believe. This has never happened in our history. It is related to the needs of production, the real sector of the economy.

How can this issue be addressed? First, of course, I repeat, it is necessary to take care of the population, to increase the birth rate, to create conditions for people to have a large family, to make it fashionable to have many children, as it used to be in Russia in the past – seven, nine, ten people in families.

And the second direction is to increase labour productivity so that more results can be achieved with fewer workers.

In what way, how can labour productivity be improved? The Vice-Chairman of the People’s Republic of China mentioned some ways and tools. We need to introduce artificial intelligence, we need to introduce modern methods of production management, robotisation. I recalled Japan, which we overtook in terms of purchasing power parity and became the world’s fourth largest economy, slightly displacing it. But I think, there are ten times more robots per thousand workers there. You see? Ten times more. We have a lot to work on in this respect. Here you are – robotisation, biology, genetics, especially in agriculture. We have a lot to attend to. And we will move in all these directions.

And human resources. Of course, we need to train personnel. This is the most important task for the state, and that is why a new national project has appeared, which is called Personnel.

Alexandra Suvorova: I will move on to the next economic issues.

Mr President, we are meeting a week before another meeting of the Russian Central Bank. The previous such meeting decided that the benchmark rate would be increased to 18 percent. Andrei Kostin, who is now in attendance, said on the sidelines that he is expecting the rate to remain at 18 percent.

Meanwhile, the volume of non-mortgage loans issued by Russian banks increased by 3.5 trillion roubles over 12 months, with monthly rates remaining very high. Corporate lending also increased by 2.3 percent in July according to Central Bank data. How would you explain this paradox?

Vladimir Putin: The paradox of a high rate and…

Alexandra Suvorova: That we’ve got a high bank rate and high rates of lending.

Vladimir Putin: Experts believe this is down to two things. First, consumer lending is high because individuals are not too sensitive to the high rate. This is one point.

Second, turning to corporate lending, to begin with, firms have their business plans put together and they continue to take out loans despite the rate hike. What is more, we decided to adopt measures to support individual industries. There are state-wide tools that are about subsidising lending rates for certain projects and industries. So here is your explanation.

Alexandra Suvorova: By the way, Governor of the Central Bank Elvira Nabiullina said there is no risk to financial stability adding that the economy reached levels of overheating in the first six months of 2024 that had not been seen since 2008.

Are they any risks to the stability of the national economy, and if so, what will be done to cool it?

Vladimir Putin: That’s what they are doing to cool it – by hiking the key rate, abolishing the subsidised mortgage, apart from the IT, Far East, Arctic and Family options. That’s how this cooling you mentioned is ensured.

There is another tool, namely, the stable work of the Government and the Ministry of Finance to balance the budget out.

Alexandra Suvorova: Speaking about investment, we’ve already discussed the figures in the Far East. According to the Federal Service for Statistics, however, capital investment grew around 9.8 percent. Of note, this is after the surge in 2022. The trend continues today. Do you think this investment rate will continue, and what may hinder it?

Vladimir Putin: It won’t be easy to keep it up in light of the circumstance that we have just discussed with you. We must try to, though. The special support measures I’ve mentioned are being designed for that purpose.

But I repeat, it won’t be an easy task keeping investment at that level. The Government should have a plan to support businesses to avoid visible and significant collapses that could damage the entire economy.

Alexandra Suvorova: Let us turn to another topic which is not directly linked to what we have been discussing here today, or the Russian economy, or its Far Eastern policy. I am referring to the election campaign in the United States. I cannot fail to ask you this question.

You have talked about having a preferred candidate in this race, but he is no longer running for President. What do you think about the new candidate, and when the results are announced in November, will you call the new head of state to congratulate him or her?

Vladimir Putin: I have not talked with representatives of some European countries and the United States on the phone for quite a while now, even if we never rejected these contacts. They are the ones who are refraining from them. Of course, we have been able to use various channels for exchanging certain types of information, primarily through our Foreign Ministry.

As for my preferences, it is not up to us to decide. After all, the American people will have to make their own choice. As I have already said, we favoured Mr Biden, the current President, but they took him out of the race. That said, he advised his supporters to support Ms Harris. So, we will act accordingly and lend her our support.

This is the first point I wanted to make in this regard.

Alexandra Suvorova: Do you have to follow this kind of advice?

Vladimir Putin: My second point is that she has a very contagious laughter, which shows that everything is fine for her. And if this is the case… Take Trump – no other President has ever imposed so many restrictions and sanctions against Russia. But if everything is so great for Ms Harris, maybe she would refrain from acting this way?

Alexandra Suvorova: Or maybe she will lift these sanctions.

Vladimir Putin: At the end of the day, it is up to the American people to decide, and we will respect the choice they will make.

Alexandra Suvorova: Speaking about the United States, Russia and the United States carried out a prisoner swap in early August. What countries made this possible? Does this mean that we can have dialogue with the West, after all? And let me elaborate on this question. In his interview with TASS News Agency, Russia’s Ambassador to the United States, Anatoly Antonov, said that there are over 60 Russians who are still imprisoned in the United States. Do they have a chance to return home?

Vladimir Putin: For us, all citizens of the Russian Federation are equal at all times whenever they need support from the Russian state, and we will always treat them this way. This is the first thing I wanted to say in this regard.

Second, on the exchange that we had, many countries contributed to these efforts, to this mission. Take this journalist from the United States – I mean the person who pretended to be a journalist, while he was clearly performing an intelligence mission and pursued the corresponding objectives. At the initial stage, the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia contributed proactively to these efforts, and we are very grateful for this initiative because eventually it enabled Russian nationals to return home. President of Türkiye Erdogan offered his good offices for reaching a final deal, and so did several Arab countries, as well as several other countries which demonstrated their good will.

At the end of the day, I think that all the stakeholders in this process achieved a positive outcome which served their respective interests. Importantly, our citizens came back home, including those who performed special missions abroad in the interests of their Motherland.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you, Mr President.

Mr Ibrahim, let us return to the subject of today’s meeting and discuss prospects for expanding trade with Russia. The day before, during the meeting with President Putin, you noted that the potential is there and we must do it. According to the Ministry of Economic Development, we have free trade agreements between the EAEU, which includes Russia, and Iran, Vietnam, and Serbia, and it was decided to sign a similar agreement with Mongolia. Talks are underway with Indonesia and a number of other countries. Does Malaysia plan to sign one as well?

Anwar Ibrahim: We believe in free trade where there are no restrictions. I have assured President Putin last night that whatever avenues are being introduced we will continue. I mean, we still have good relationships with Iran and most of these countries. And if the premises are right, encouraging free trade, we will pursue. There is no issue at all in my mind, even now without the special regime.

You can see this new wave of interest from both sides in Malaysia and Russia. Now, with the agreement, we would of course further facilitate and assist the business community. In fact, we are inviting delegations representing banks, the aerospace industry and some others to come.

What is important, it is my the assurance, that you will see faster change and more positive change in terms of the trade, and also exchanges between Malaysia and Russia. We are determined to achieve this as soon as possible.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

Mr President, in your remarks you mentioned the ways of addressing the projected power shortages in the Far East. Speaking of the country in general, is there enough power generated overall?

Vladimir Putin: It depends on the region. In Siberia, for example, there is a surplus of power, and the Far East experiences shortages, which will, unfortunately, snowball if we do not take appropriate measures in time. In European Russia, we also need to think about timely repairs and deep modernisation. Such plans are in place. Some of them are work in progress, while others have been approved. Most importantly, they should be acted upon in a timely manner. It is also important to perform well in this sphere and to make timely decisions.

Alexandra Suvorova: I have one more question about the energy sector, though it may be related to international markets. The agreement on Russian gas exports to the EU via Ukraine will expire later this year. The head of the Kiev regime has already made it clear that he was not going to renew it.

What is your take on Europe’s energy prospects, and do we hear the voices of those who will be impacted?

Vladimir Putin: The head of Gazprom is sitting across from me in the front row, as is the head of VTB.

Alexandra Suvorova: I have a question for German Gref as well.

Vladimir Putin: Mr Gref is here as well which is good, meaning that everyone is interested in developing their respective businesses in the Russian Far East.

Strange as it may seem, we are not turning down the idea of transit via Ukraine, because we, including Gazprom, plan to fulfil our obligations to our customers, with whom we have signed long-term contracts. Transit is among the mandatory components of the joint work. The transit contract expires on December 31, 2024.

If Ukraine says no to transit, well, we cannot push them into doing so. Our main consumers in Europe are clearly unwilling to do so, even though they provide all kinds of assistance and support, including military and financial, to Ukraine.

With Ukraine turning our transit down the volume of gas coming to Europe will drop. Gas will be supplied through other routes, in particular TurkStream. Some of it may go through Blue Stream to Turkiye as well. Although this gas is used for domestic consumption, it will nevertheless help improve energy stability in Europe.

However, this is their choice. I am not sure how it will affect them. We mind our business, and let them mind their own. I cannot find proper words to describe the attitude towards their allies and partners demonstrated by many people in the United States and Ukraine. It is very strange, and I cannot get my head around it. They up and blew up the gas pipeline in the Baltic Sea. They blew up both Nord Stream 1 pipelines and one Nord Stream 2 pipeline. The second one is fully functional, though. What stops the German government from pressing the button, coming to terms with us and turning it on? How much is it? 25 billion cubic metres through one pipeline?

Gazprom CEO Alexei Miller: it is 27.5.

Vladimir Putin: 27.5 billion cubic metres of gas would immediately go to Europe, to Germany. I have no idea why they are not doing it. They can get gas via Ukraine, and they can get it through TurkStream, but they cannot get it through the pipeline that runs along the bottom of the Baltic Sea. In my opinion, this is some kind of professional deformation, schizophrenia, nonsense. Why?

Well, if they do not want to, so be it. We will gradually build up our supplies to other regions around the world. We have a good gas shipment project with the People’s Republic of China. We have had it for a long time now, even before the crises in Europe and Ukraine broke out. Next year, we will reach our design capacity of 38 billion cubic metres, plus another 10 billion cubic metres will go from the Far East, the Sakhalin-Vladivostok gas pipeline, to the People’s Republic of China. We are considering other routes as well.

Let me repeat, this has nothing to do with the events in Ukraine, it is simply our agreements of many years ago, and we will implement them all. Plus, we will develop gas liquefaction. Yes, they are trying to create problems for us here as well. Mr Leonid Mikhelson [head of Novatek] knows this better than anyone else. But still this is evolving, and Russia’s share in the supply of liquefied natural gas to the world markets is gradually increasing. It is not as big as we would like it to be, but we will still do it, despite whatever problems they are trying to create for us.

What is the challenge here? No matter who or how anyone tries to shut down our energy sector, it is impossible, because production is at its highest point in line with the needs of the world market. It is simply impossible, do you understand? It is impossible. Let’s imagine that tomorrow they would shut down everything – our gas, oil, and so on. The world economy will not withstand such a shutdown. The prices will skyrocket, but they will still buy, they cannot do it without it. That’s the whole point. After all, when our ill-wishers and those who impose illegal restrictions, about which the Vice President of the People’s Republic of China spoke, do it, they do it from a pure heart, but not from a great mind, as they say in such cases, because there is no result. What is the only thing that guides them? Arrogance and overconfidence. And the result is the opposite of what they expect.

So we will resolve our issues – yes, with some losses, perhaps, but we will resolve them all the same. And those who do not want to cooperate with us – well, let them suffer losses. We see what is happening in European countries. Many of them are on the brink of recession. And the situation will get worse because those who supply them with energy resources care first of all about their own national interests, the United States for that matter. Well, they are supplying them two or three times [more expensive]… Or by how much? 50 or 60 per cent more than our energy resources cost, I mean gas, first of all. Of course, the European economy, including Germany’s, which was designed to rely on our energy resources, is undergoing very serious trials. Many industries are simply closing down. That’s the whole point.

But it is not our choice, we are ready, you are welcome. Agree with Poland to open up the pipeline systems, they do exist. It was the Poles who shut down the Yamal-Western Europe pipeline. Now Ukraine is closing it, and the Nord Stream 2 route along the Baltic Sea bed is not turned on. Well, if they don’t want to, they don’t have to. It will be a loss for them. For us, there will be a certain reduction in revenues, but it’s no big deal. Gazprom will supply more gas inside the country. That’s good, too. We will be developing social gas distribution.

Alexandra Suvorova: I will elaborate on another gas distribution. Incidentally, speaking about Gazprom: Mr Miller specified the gas volume that used to pass via Nord Stream lines.

Do you think Gazprom has any chances to restore the previous supply volumes to external markets in view of the projects being implemented in Central Asia, Iran and China?

Vladimir Putin: I have already mentioned that we are reaching design capacities of supplying gas to the People’s Republic of China. As for supplies to Central Asia and Iran, this also has nothing to do – I want to make it clear – directly with the developments in Ukraine. It is just because the economies of these countries are enjoying a rapid growth – they need additional resources, as simple as that.

For instance, Uzbekistan – I have already mentioned and this is a well-known fact – has a population growth of a million per year. Do you realise this? More than a million per year. There are already 37 million people there, soon it will be 40 and so forth. The economy is growing as well, do you understand this? And they have obligations on external markets. Of course, the republic needs additional resources. Two years ago, the temperature reached minus 21 degrees Centigrade, the first time in history, probably. Of course, they need the resources which we have.

We will agree on our actions with Turkmenistan, of course. Iran has long been asking us for supplies. This is a very convenient place for us, too, as it is not far from us. We are contemplating this project and I believe it is quite feasible. And let’s not forget the markets neighbouring with Iran are huge – there is a colossal need. Different opportunities exist, and we will explore different markets, we will make swap arrangements, will liquify as I have already mentioned, and so forth.

We will be gradually restoring sales volumes – no doubts about this. And we will develop our own economy. We lack gas-fired power generation in many regions, including the Far East. We need to unite the gas transportation system’s European part with the Far Eastern one to ensure corresponding gas crossflows.

This is all part of our plans. All of this will be implemented.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

Let’s go back to power engineering.

Mr Ibrahim, Malyasia is the second largest oil and gas producer in Southeast Asia. By the way, the famous Petronas twin towers located in the country’s capital have been named after the country’s major energy company.

How do you assess the situation on the global oil and gas market in general? And does Malaysia consider any joint projects with Russia in the energy sector?

Anwar Ibrahim: Then we are discussing the issue of energy transition, where I think Russia has an upper hand, we are discussing that. We are, of course, still continuing exploration because there is a deadline for us, of course, to ease our dependence on traditional sources – dependence on oil and on coal.

But still, for now it is important. I mean, we cannot deny the fact that the import of coal from Russia comes to about $600 million, so temporarily this energy is still required until we are able to transition to green energy. But for now, the focus is there.

We still remain an important player and we will therefore have some sort of synergy, working relations to ensure that the transition to hydrogen and green technology would be of immense benefit in our attempt to progress as a country that is not totally dependent on fuel.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

Mr President, in your remarks, you have already talked about the Northern Sea Route and the proactive efforts to develop it. Among other things, it operates fuel shipments. You have said that this indicator, I mean shipments, is expected to reach 150 million tonnes by 2030.

In your opinion, are we building infrastructure and ships for this route at an adequate pace? For example, yesterday, you visited the location of a future shipyard for building merchant ships near Vladivostok.

Vladimir Putin: This matter must be front and centre for us. It mostly deals with operating shipments, but this includes the ships transporting these goods, as well as the vessels that enable these ships to sail this route. I am referring to the icebreaker fleet.

Russia has a unique icebreaker fleet. We have 34 diesel icebreakers of various classes and capacity, as well as seven active nuclear icebreakers. Another four are under construction, or, to be more precise, we are already building three new nuclear icebreakers and the construction of the fourth one will start in early 2025. Seven plus four makes 11. There is also another icebreaker – a very powerful one. In fact, it is extremely powerful with, if I am not mistaken, 136,000 horsepower, if we measure its output this way. I am talking about the so-called Lider project. Its construction is already underway here in Vladivostok at Zvezda shipyard.

This fleet will be able to ensure year-round shipments, since the new icebreaker, especially the Lider, is not only very powerful, but also wide enough to escort ship convoys. This is the first thing I wanted to say on this topic.

Second, we need to build ships for transporting these goods. Of course, we will expand our shipbuilding capabilities in Russia’s European regions too, just as we discussed yesterday with VTB CEO, Mr Kostin, as well as representatives he delegated to the United Shipbuilding Company. There is potential for developing shipbuilding capabilities in the European part of Russia as well.

But you were spot on when you said that yesterday we visited the site when a new shipyard will be built. I am certain that we will build it, just as we built Zvezda in the Far East, in Vladivostok, despite all the formidable challenges we had to face. We must build infrastructure, port facilities, and we need to be able to offer the corresponding maintenance services at these ports, while also ensuring safe navigation, protecting the environment, etc. All this forms a single whole, we have plans and projections for all these undertakings, and we are moving in this direction. I am certain that we will deliver.

Climate change is a factor. Coupled with the capabilities we have thanks to our icebreaker fleet, I am confident that we have everything it takes to ensure year-round navigation along the Northern Sea Route. This is instrumental for the Russian economy, as well as for the global economy and for our friends and their economies. In particular, the People’s Republic of China has been eager to work with us in this sector. We will be happy to welcome everyone willing to contribute to these efforts. There is no doubt that we will succeed in this undertaking.

Аlexandra Suvorova: By the way, let’s talk about construction, but this time about housing.

Mr President, to what extent is the need for it in the Far East covered? We know that the preferential mortgage programme is still in place here whereas it has been cancelled elsewhere in the country. As I promised, I am quoting Herman Gref’s words that the withdrawal from the preferential mortgage programme had been delayed, as he said.

Do you think that today we have solved the housing problem in the country as a whole if we have closed the preferential mortgage programme?

Vladimir Putin: Mr Prime Minister quoted Tolstoy and Chekhov.

Аlexandra Suvorova: But I quoted Mr Gref.

Vladimir Putin: And you are already quoting Mr Gref – he is also among the classics.

As for construction: I believe we have achieved outstanding results in construction. We have never had such an amount before, like last year’s results: 110 million [square metres of housing]. Actually, our goal was to reach 120, but 110 is already a very good figure.

Of course, due to the fact that the preferential mortgage has ended, this cannot but affect the housing construction market, but, I repeat, it is now supported by preferential mortgages for the Far East, the Arctic, family mortgages, and IT preferential mortgages. Still, the Government’s idea and action boil down to cooling down this market, as you have said.

Аlexandra Suvorova: I also quoted it one more time – that’s what Nabiulina said.

Vladimir Putin: Well, that’s good. But, in general, of course, this effect is expected for the market not to overheat and macroeconomic indicators not affected. But nevertheless, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that we have a very good track record in construction. We can quote Mr Mutko more often – we used to quote him more often – he is also a great expert in expressing himself vividly and aptly on certain issues. Anyway, he is working very well.

Аlexandra Suvorova: “From the bottom of his heart.”

Vladimir Putin: Yes, from that very bottom, and the result is good enough. I am saying this with no irony, no jokes. Because the result is 110 million square metres built, including the work of his corporation [DOM.RF“], that he heads.

What I want to say is that we have a very good backlog – 160, maybe even a little bit more, 163–165 million square metres –the backlog of construction that has been started. Therefore, I think there will be no failure next year.

Alexandra Suvorova: Mr President, I have another question for you, before we move on to other topics. In fact, this has been one of the most hotly debated topics lately. A law making it legal to mine crypto currency is scheduled to come into force in November. Federal Law FZ-259 governing digital assets has already come into force.

Does this mean that Russia is about to emerge as a global leader in crypto currency and that we will have more laws and regulations down the road to regulate this sector?

Vladimir Putin: I think that Russia is already one of the global leaders when it comes to mining crypto currency. This is attributable to the surplus energy capacity we have in Siberia. But certain challenges have surfaced in this sector recently, and we had to address them.

Of course, we are happy for the businesses working in this sector. They have been able to earn hefty profits. However, we must make sure that the surplus electricity in Siberia does not turn into a deficit. This could hold back the development of Siberian regions.

Mining is great, of course, but building housing, manufacturing facilities and social infrastructure, as well as ensuring power supply for future manufacturing facilities is just as important, or perhaps even more important than that. This is why the Government has taken a decision with the intention to make sure that this sector operates in an orderly manner.

As for the digital currency and the digital ruble, the Central Bank has made a decision on this matter. It is now a matter of expanding this sector. Our national currency exists in several forms, and the digital ruble is one of them. Both economic operators and our people will be able to use it.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you. Let us turn to another topic, just as I have promised.

Mr Ibrahim, we cannot fail to mention the conflict in the Middle East. What could be a possible solution here?

Anwar Ibrahim: As I have consistently said, we cannot use the narrative of many in the media or Western capitals that it all began with the October 7 Hamas attack. It all began with colonisation. It all began with the Nakba in 1948. It all began because of the reluctance to accept the resolutions of the United Nations consistently, and because of the continued harassment of settlers in the West Bank.

I think we need to put the narrative right. Do we want the solution? Yes. And I commend, of course, the Russian position, the Chinese position – Foreign Minister Wang Yi has taken the initiative. And many countries, I think the majority of countries, have taken a position, including on the recognition of the State of Palestine.

But why is it not happening? Because of the intransigence of Israel and, unfortunately, with total support from the United States, in fact giving them a standing ovation when atrocities are being committed.

That is why I ask my colleagues, even in the West, where is the humanity? Where? Why do we talk about justice? Why do you preach to us about human rights and democracy? Why is there a contradiction when it comes to treatment of issues happening in the world?

What we need in this world now is a consistent, coherent message. Yes, we respect freedom. Yes, we respect the dignity of man and woman. Yes, we must oppose all forms of colonisation. Because what is the issue in Palestine now? Not only in Gaza, but all Palestine. It is the issue of dispossession. You conquer, you take people’s land, you dispossess, you kill them, you detain them, you take over their houses, you treat them as if they were in an open-air prison. And this is known.

That is why, and I do know since we come from small country, we know our limits. So we thank our dear friends here for their support. But it is creating so many problems not only for the Muslim world but those who believe in freedom and justice. It is creating problems for us because people are saying: Why are you not doing anything more when people are being killed daily? That is my point.

So I just hope and pray that there is finally sanity that would prevail among those who have influence in the world because they are finally accountable. No country, no person can continue to do this gross injustice and tolerate the atrocities and think they are safe. I do not believe that this can ever be accepted. We want justice to all mankind and, of course, we cannot deny justice because of their different colour or different religion or different creed. Justice means justice for humanity, and it is time that Palestine and Palestinians are treated as human beings, not as slaves or second-class people.

Thank you.

Alexandra Suvorova: Mr President, staying on the topic of the Middle East conflict, Moscow has conveyed its position to both parties on multiple occasions. But have they heeded our message? I am talking about the two sides in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Vladimir Putin: I share many of the things we have just heard from our guest. Russia is not guided by any momentary considerations in this regard. We have always proceeded from the existing solutions. I believe that these approaches provide a foundation for the settlement process, primarily the two-state solution.

By the way, many people around the world share this view. As strange as this may seem, this is what many people in the United States believe too. Unfortunately, this remains an outstanding issue, while it underpins the current escalation and the ongoing confrontation. Among other things, present-day challenges stem from the attempts by the United States to privatise the settlement process, but the United States cannot be regarded as a neutral actor. This is where the problem lies.

Let me reiterate that we will do everything in our power, just as I said during my recent meeting with Mr Abbas when he visited Moscow, to contribute to resolving this lingering crisis with all its hardships.

As for the humanitarian issue, of course, we are trying to find solutions on matters involving hostages. In fact, we have been able to achieve tangible results on this front, and cannot but welcome these developments. We will try to keep moving in this direction.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

Let’s move on to another topic. Mr Ibrahim, you have noted and reminded in your opening remarks that Malaysia is going to chair ASEAN next year. What will the association prioritise in its work and how will it arrange its cooperation with Russia?

Anwar Ibrahim: Because that region, sub-region, is the most peaceful in the world right now and economically most vibrant. The secret, of course, is centrality, is independent foreign policy position. We refuse to be dictated by any powers. And we maintain excellent relations with our neighbors. With Thailand, we are having a special economic zone to promote and ensure there is more economic activity in the poorer sectors in north of Malaya and south Thailand. With Singapore, we have a special economic zone in Johor, which would encourage more business and investments. And with Indonesia, we have excellent relations. I was just in Brunei. And even on issues that are considered to be quite… contentious, our decision is to continue with bilateral mechanisms, multilateral mechanisms.

The only issue that we have to confront is Myanmar. It’s not spreading in terms of its military activities, but it’s causing some problems. For example, Malaysia has to contend with 200, 000 refugees from Myanmar. And I think my position as ASEAN Chair, is, of course, to try and resolve. We don’t want to dictate. The problem, the failure sometimes in dealing with Myanmar, is its military junta. You want to ensure democratic transition. I think what is important for Myanmar is peace. Get all the parties to speak and talk to each other, and maintain peace.

Then they’ll decide for themselves what form of government they want to have and do not dictate. And our problem with Myanmar in the past was to try and dictate to them what sort of government they should have. So in our five-point consensus, we think that just respect these fundamental rules and we would move. But on a different note, a different level, although we do have growing issues particularly with the Philippines and China, our position is always to encourage the Philippines to continue to engage actively and try to resolve in the true spirit of ASEAN. And if we need to assist, we will continue to engage with our friends because we always feel that there is a way for the future, you know.

And I think more so, taking that position because of centrality, we do not want this region to be, again, a contentious region for the superpowers. If we have a problem in the region, we resolve it in the region. And we do not support any intrusion of other powers into the region. If we have problems, we try and resolve them. And that’s why I think my presence here in Vladivostok is to convey that message, that I think, contrary to some of the perceptions, we feel that our task is to ensure that we serve our people, that economically it has to be vibrant, and we want to show a new tradition and diplomacy that engages with most countries, and Russia included. Some countries in the West may have a problem with Russia, they will deal with it.

As far as we are concerned, we do not have a problem. We have some issues we want to discuss, we bring them up, you see. So I think we would start that tradition. So in ASEAN cohesion, we want to maintain that sort of relations. We may choose to disagree. I mean, I have very good relations with Premier Li Qiang. Excellent. It does not mean that we can agree on every issue, but we disagree as close friends. They talk about the more contentious issue with the South China Sea, and they keep on hoping. You have a problem with China because of the border. We have a problem with every single country. In ASEAN, I mean, those bordering Malaysia, because Malaysia is central. We have a slight border problem with Thailand, with Indonesia, with Singapore, with Brunei, with the Philippines. Is that a problem? No, it’s not a problem. These are issues that we discuss.

It does not in any way seem to be antagonistic. Why is it when it comes to China, you expect us to go and quarrel with them? I think we will continue to negotiate. Yes, we agree, and on some issues we disagree. But in my experience now, I’ve taken over almost two years now as Prime Minister, I don’t have a problem with China. So why must countries outside our turf insist that you have a problem? I don’t. Now, you have a problem, you deal with it. So I think that should be the ASEAN position, to focus on the fundamentals. Yes, on economy. Yes, on technology. Yes, on AI. Yes, on AI, energy and tourism, and I think you’ll be a great example of a sub-region that is peaceful and economically vibrant. Thank you.

Alexandra Suvorova: Mr Zheng, I have a question for you.

Last yea, the trade turnover of China with ASEAN exceed $911.5 billion, according to the General Administration of Customs. How do you see and assess the potential of economic growth in the People’s Republic of China?

Han Zheng: China has been pursuing the reform and open-door policy for 40 years. And more than 20 years passed since China entered the WTO. Both President Putin and Prime-Minister Anwar Ibrahim expressed very valuable opinions.

For many years, the Chinese economy has been developing well. Although it is the world’s second biggest economy, the GDP per capita is a little bit higher than 12,000 US dollars a year. But China’s contribution to the global economy growth has amounted to 30 percent for many years. China has already become a primary trade partner for more than 140 countries and territories.

President Putin and Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim shared very valuable proposals. I believe that eradication of poverty in China contributes to the development of the global economy by itself as its population amounts to 18 percent of the global population. Therefore, eradicating poverty in our country is a contribution to the development of the global economy.

Cooperation and exchanges of our country with other partners have always been executed based on mutual benefit and very friendly atmosphere, this is why our cooperation can be called very successful. President Putin made a very good point that mutually beneficial cooperation is something that needs to be maintained.

You are all aware of the fact that the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China convened its third plenary session recently where a decision was made on comprehensive deepening of the reforms and advancing Chinese modernisation. This is a clear signal that China will go on with reforms and expand openness. As I have already noted in my remarks, China always clearly regulates the agreement between openness and reforms, this is why I believe that China’s development is a contribution to the global development and China’s development provides huge opportunities to the entire world.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

We are gradually reaching the end of our plenary session.

Mr President, we basically discussed what the Far East will look like in six years. And what will mark a success for you? What is the most important?

Vladimir Putin: Growth of population. (Applause.)

We need to create the environment, we spoke so much about today, to increase birth rate and the desire among young people, to come here to this wonderful, brilliant region with good prospects and cast in their lot with it.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

I would like to address he last question to all participants in our today’s discussion. It sounds as follows: what primary challenges do our countries face today? Could you name them, please? And what are the potential responses to those challenges?

Mr Ibrahim, let’s start with you.

Anwar Ibrahim:Normally, you start with the senior guy, and the most senior in office is President Putin, out of respect.

Vladimir Putin: Thank you. The question about the future, isn’t it?

Alexandra Suvorova: Sure.

Vladimir Putin: Russia has to ensure economic growth using its own technological solutions with highly-qualified, trained and motivated personnel. This is the first point.

And, as for all of us together, referring to the countries of the Global South in a loose sense – we definitely need to ensure global leadership in the economy. And in the light of the trends of the global economic growth and development rates of our countries, this objective will definitely be reached.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

(Addressing Anwar Ibrahim). Same question.

Anwar Ibrahim: The issue is, of course, the economy, but how we view the economy is not unbridled capitalism of the past. It has to be a more humanistic approach towards development, which means, of course, economic growth, more investments, more trade, but at the same time, more compassionate, more care towards the welfare of people. Poverty, I think the Vice President has mentioned, housing, that President Putin has mentioned, I think these are issues that have been largely ignored.

So the experience in some countries in the West, where we see phenomenal growth, but abject poverty and poor housing conditions, low quality of education, which is not our option. Having a growth that is sustainable means protecting the environment, having good housing, quality education, and also anticipating the pace of change fast enough in modern times, that is a new direction in terms of training of our young in digitalisation, in AI, with values that are in deficit in the world today.

I strongly believe that we want to progress as a country, as a nation. We cannot ignore humanity’s values and ethics. It is a deficit in this world. That is why you see so many calamities, gross injustice, and racism, even fanaticism, atrocities committed in the name of religion, because we do progress what dehumanises ourselves.

That is why I started by referring to a lot of great literary works by Russian figures,

because they always emphasise issues of ethics, morals, and humanitarian ideals.

Now, with that, I think we should learn from one another and we should not learn the excesses of the past, particularly when it comes to gross injustice, and we should continue to grow and modernise our society. Thank you.

Alexandra Suvorova: Mr Zheng, the same question to you: what primary challenges do our countries face today?

Han Zheng: Mr Xi Jinping said that building a community with a shared future for mankind is the most important task and challenge for all of us since cultures, religions, peoples are different in various regions and all these peoples are at various development stages, all of them have different needs. Building such community is our big common challenge.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: I believe we are coming to an end, and for my part, I would like to thank our guests for their bright and thoughtful remarks, participation in our work and attention to the developments in Russia and Russia’s Far East.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you very much.

Vladimir Putin: I would like to address the audience. It mostly consists of economists or civil servants who are involved in discussion of these issues. I have to say that I am deeply convinced that entrepreneurship means creation, first and foremost. If we treat this as a creative process, we will definitely achieve all the goals we set and resolve all the tasks we are facing. I would like to thank you for taking part in this work and wish all of us success in implementing our plans!

Thank you very much!

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you. For my part, as a moderator, I would like to quote you, Mr President, and sum up the session, in essence: the Far East is the priority for the entire 21^st century.

Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: And many thanks to our moderator. Thanks a lot for the joint work.

Alexandra Suvorova: Thank you.

News conference following Russian-Belarusian talks

2024-05-25T16:23:14+04:00

Vladimir Putin and Alexander Lukashenko made statements for the media and answered media questions following Russian-Belarusian talks.

President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko: Ladies and gentlemen, friends.

Mr Putin and I have just had productive talks in restricted and expanded formats. First of all, I am grateful to the President of Russia for making time for an official visit to Belarus despite his very busy schedule. This is a positive signal, and not only a signal.

This gave us an opportunity to have an in-depth discussion of Belarusia-Russia cooperation focusing specifically on the economy. You have probably noticed that we have been devoting a lot of time to defence and security issues lately. As earlier agreed, we discussed defence and security yesterday, and today we mainly focused on economic issues.

The Belarusian-Russian relations have grown noticeably stronger in recent time, with interaction and trust between our countries reaching a truly unprecedented level in all spheres. We can safely say that both economies are growing rapidly, despite all kinds of obstacles, the ones that we are all aware of.

Belarus intends to further develop its nuclear industry relying on Russian technology. We have thoroughly discussed all aspects of industrial cooperation, the development of mechanical engineering, machine-tool manufacture, and microelectronics, primarily in terms of stepping up import substitution, which should make us independent from imports and enhance our technological sovereignty. Ultimately, this will guarantee the security of our states.

We are confident that the new Russian Government will maintain continuity of policies regarding Belarus.

There are no irreconcilable differences between our countries. There are issues that require closer attention and deeper study; those will certainly be addressed. We must honestly admit that we have resolved all issues – there are no unresolved issues as of today. I am sure that we will continue to work in the same way in the future.

In this context, we have discussed plans to draft a common industrial policy of the Union State. Essentially, what we need to do is root out the remaining protective measures and restrictions once and for all. Otherwise, not only our peoples, but even the two of us will have trouble understanding each other.

Special focus was given on the development of transport and logistics. We are at one thinking that an additional major investment is necessary for this high-potential sector.

In recent years, we have taken a new look at regional cooperation and seen its true potential. Without exaggeration, today Belarus and its regions cooperate with almost all Russian regions, and its exports are growing. I have already said that on June 27 and 28, the XI Forum of Regions of Belarus and Russia will be held in Vitebsk, Polotsk, and Novopolotsk.

We expect you, our Russian colleagues, to attend this forum. I know that there will be a compelling agenda there.

Naturally, we will discuss the current international agenda today: security issues in the world and in the region in the context of the unprecedented level of tensions that we always have to deal with. We have absolutely identical approaches to this. We will not deviate from our chosen path of creating a fair multipolar world order.

I would like to thank my colleague, President of Russia, for detailed results of his visit to China. Belarus is also committed to developing comprehensive partnership with Beijing but we also keep in mind our own development. Every year, Belarusian-Chinese relations are going from strength to strength. We hope that we will join the SCO at the summit of this influential international organisation in Astana in July.

I would also like to thank the Russian people, the Russian leadership and the Russian Foreign Ministry for your great support for us when we were joining the SCO.

In conclusion, I would like to note that I thank my Russian colleague for the warm brotherly conversation, for our fruitful and substantive meeting, and for finding mutual understanding on all topics. We can count on further comprehensive reciprocal support.

Thank you for your attention.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mister Lukashenko, friends, ladies and gentlemen,

First of all I want to thank the President of Belarus for the invitation – I have said it already and I will repeat – to visit Minsk and for the traditionally warm welcome.

As it is well known, this tour is one of the first visits abroad after my re-election and taking office of president, and after the Government of the Russian Federation was formed. Thereby we wanted to underscore the importance that Russia attaches to fraternal relations with our closest neighbor, reliable ally and genuinely strategic partner.

I agree with Mr. Lukashenko that today’s talks were very productive. We, deputy prime ministers and respective ministers considered practically all key issues of the Russian-Belarusian cooperation in the economy, cultural and humanitarian area, in security and defence.

This year we will mark two important anniversaries: they are July 3, when we will jointly celebrate the 80^th anniversary of liberating Belarus from Nazi invaders. This is our common victory. We do remember what price we had to pay for it and we cherish the memory of our fathers, grandfathers and great- grandfathers, who defended the life and freedom for us and the generations to come. And on December 8, the Union State of Russia and Belarus will turn 25. Over the past quarter of a century we have managed to really achieve a lot on the integration tracks.

We have succeeded in implementing 28 sectoral programmes. We have unified Russian and Belarusian legislation. We have formed legal and organisational framework in many areas of our common economic space.

We have provided for the necessary conditions for conducting single macro-economic and monetary policy. Mr. Lukashenko just has mentioned it.

Pursuant to the decision of the Supreme State Council of the Union State adopted on January 29 in St Petersburg, we have identified new promising integration areas. A plan of specific actions on further deepening economic interaction, minimising losses from illegitimate Western restrictions, technologic development and import substitution is about to be endorsed.

I want to note that mutual trade has been steadily growing year after year. Russia, being the core economic partner of Belarus, accounts for about 60 percent of the Belarusian foreign trade balance. At the end of last year, trade increased by more than five percent and reached a record of 46.5 billion dollars. We count this in dollars, but meanwhile over 90 percent of all payments in Russian-Belarusian commercial transactions are made in our national currencies. It means that we can say that mutual trade and investments are protected from the impact of third countries and unfavourable trends on the world currency markets.

Russia has invested over $5 billion in the Belarusian economy. There are 2,500 Russian companies operating in the republic, with joint project being implemented in strategic sectors such as automobile and machine tools manufacturing, agricultural machinery, microelectronics, and civil aviation. Cooperation in agriculture is actively developing. The areas that are priorities for us in the agricultural complex seamlessly complement each other which provides a reliable and uninterrupted supply of food for the two countries’ people and sends agricultural surpluses to foreign markets.

Energy sector is a priority sector of bilateral cooperation. Russia traditionally supplies oil and gas to Belarus on very favourable preferential terms. In November 2023, the largest joint project was successfully completed, as Mr Lukashenko also mentioned several times during the talks: the construction of a Belarusian nuclear power plant. The station is operating at full capacity. As of today, its two units have generated more than 30 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity, and we are certainly determined to continue helping our Belarusian friends develop their own nuclear industry, as well as strengthen cooperation in related high-tech sectors such as digitsation, nuclear medicine, and the creation of energy storage systems.

The railway freight volume from Belarus through Russian territory is growing: it more than doubled in 2023, exceeding 14 million tonnes. Our joint plans envisage further increase of Belarusian goods transit through Russian territory. In order to achieve this, we are increasing the capacity of transport corridors and working together to upgrade trade and logistics infrastructure.

Russian-Belarusian cultural and humanitarian cooperation is multifaceted: scientific and educational exchanges are carried out, joint programmes are being implemented for the patriotic education of youth and the preservation of common historical memory, and much is being done to create the most favourable conditions for reciprocal travel of people and for enhancing their contacts and person-to person communication.

Soon we are planning to cancel roaming service across the Union State, that is, mobile communications for all subscribers in the two countries will be fully provided in home network mode.

Considering the tensions on the outer border od the Union State, we have discussed at length the creation of a single defence state during the talks. Advanced Russian defence systems and tactical nuclear weapons reliably cover the western borders of our countries and the Collective Security Treaty Organisation.

We reviewed the progress in the implementation of the instructions issued we issued on holding simultaneous exercises in Russia and Belarus to practice the use of non-strategic nuclear weapons. The public was informed about it on May 9.

We also discussed the further coordination of our actions in the international arena. Let me note that Russia and Belarus have common positions on most global and regional problems and support each other at various multilateral platforms. In this context, I would like to stress that Russia has comprehensively assisted Belarus in joining the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, as Mr President has just said. We proceed from the fact that the Astana summit in July will announce that all the necessary procedures have been completed and Belarus becomes the 10^th SCO member country. This will obviously enhance the authority of the organisation and will help strengthen security and stability throughout the Eurasian space.

I also took this opportunity to share with the President of Belarus my impressions of the state visit to the People’s Republic of China I have just completed. By the way, when talking with the President of the People's Republic of China, our friend, we remembered about cooperation with Belarus and discussed it.

In conclusion, I would like to once again thank Mr Lukashenko for his hospitality and for our substantive talk. This visit will undoubtedly contribute to the further development of Russian-Belarusian allied relations in all areas.

Thank you for your attention.

Natalya Golub, Belarus-1 TV Channel: Good afternoon, President Lukashenko and President Vladimir Putin,

You mentioned that you discussed security issues. Considering the current difficult, tense situation – foreign threats and build-up of the NATO contingent – will any steps be taken in the near future to enhance security of the Union State? How do you assess exercises on the use of non-strategic nuclear arms?

Alexander Lukashenko: As I said earlier, we are not only discussing issues of our security and defence of our states. The President of Russia has just said the main thing – we have created a joint force to defend the Union State.

We are continuously watching everything unfolding on our borders. We see this and know this, starting from the building of all kinds of fences to fuelling hysteria by exercises near our borders. As I said, about 90,000 foreign troops are taking part in them. It is truly surprising what the Americans, Germans and the rest are doing on our borders.

Therefore, we give priority to security, and I will even say more than that – that many of our meetings (you have probably noticed, we meet often), 90 percent, maybe more, are about security and defence issues, with the exception of the current meeting, where we spent much time discussing the economy, even more than security issues, because the economy, among other things, is at the heart of security. This is why we have been and will continue to pay attention to it.

As for exercises you mentioned, why should we assess them? I said if you are a machine gunner… We all understand what a machine gun is used for. To attack or to defend oneself. We do not want to attack anyone. We want to defend ourselves. How can we do it? We must know how to use these weapons. These are deadly, dangerous weapons. They cannot even be compared to a machine gun. So we have to practice.

I frankly admitted that this is our third training session since the deployment of nuclear weapons on the territory of Belarus. The Russians might have had dozens of such training sessions -–they did not publicise them before. This is hardly surprising.

We are doing everything they [Western countries] did before us and are doing now. They are training foreign pilots. In part, the Americans are training German pilots in Germany to fly with nuclear weapons carriers – with bombs if they fly planes and with missiles. We are not doing anything special, we are getting ready, undergoing training. We must be prepared. The world is unstable and dangerous. We cannot afford to miss this strike. We cannot afford to miss an attack as we did in the middle of the past century. We will not allow this to happen and they must know about this.

But we are not fuelling tensions. We do not need war. Today we talked only about peaceful prospects. I am grateful to the President of Russia for including the head of the group of strategic initiatives in his delegation. He told us what is even hard to comprehend, but this is our near future. So we stand for peace but keep our powder dry. Nothing special.

Vladimir Putin: Actually, I have almost nothing to add. Russia has regularly conducted strategic nuclear exercises as well as manoeuvres involving its non-strategic nuclear deterrence forces, and continues to do so. The only difference is that, after deploying part of Russia’s non-strategic nuclear potential to Belarus, we began holding joint exercises with our Belarusian allies.

Second, we treat Belarus’s security the same way as the security of the Russian Federation. And this is probably the central element of our cooperation in this area.

As for our compliance with the relevant norms and obligations, Russia fully complies with every nuclear arms control obligation it has. We are not violating anything here; we are not doing anything unusual or anything that NATO doesn’t do. Mr Lukashenko has just said so. NATO countries regularly hold the same kind of exercises in areas where US tactical nuclear weapons are deployed, involving those countries’ military personnel, combat aircraft and other delivery vehicles.

What we are doing is a scheduled routine drill; I mean, we are not aiming for an escalation or anything, but, as we said, this needs to be practiced. This is a domain where we cannot allow any failures, mistakes, or incoherence. The exercise you asked about is aimed at perfecting coordination.

Kirill Vorobyov: Good afternoon, Mr Putin, Mr Lukashenko. A question from the Izvestia multimedia information centre, Kirill Vorobyov.

As you said, one of the main issues discussed today was energy security and everything it entails.

However, reports about the common energy market project are usually scarce. And just before your meeting, some of our Belarusian colleagues wrote that you appear to have found common ground and built a roadmap for this project.

Would you say it is now clear what we can expect from this project? What will we all get? Are there any other countries that might be interested in participating?

Vladimir Putin: What project?

Kirill Vorobyov: A common energy market.

Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: We cooperate in three major areas: power generation, oil and gas, and nuclear energy. We have made decisions in each of these areas, and those decisions are working well.

In oil and gas, we do have a few current issues that we discussed quite substantively today. There are no unresolved issues. We have agreed on all the parameters of gas supplies for the coming years. Yes, beyond this horizon, we will need to review our agreements to ensure that they meet the interests of both our Belarusian friends and the Russian economy. The work is proceeding as planned.

In the power industry, we have discussed general operating modes, cross-flows and so on; it all works smoothly as well.

I have talked about our nuclear energy cooperation at length. The nuclear power plant is working, and new opportunities are opening up in related industries.

As for creating a common market, we are moving forward on this track. I have mentioned this with regard to gas. Again, everything is going according to plan; we have no disagreements here. Russian and Belarusian specialists might take slightly different approaches, but I think that by the time the common market is ready to operate, we will have agreed on every point.

Vladimir Matveyev: Good afternoon, President Lukashenko, President Putin.

I have a question about Ukraine. In view of Vladimir Zelensky’s expired presidential term, what are the prospects for resuming peace talks with Ukraine? The key question here is who to talk with even if such a request comes from the Ukrainian side?

The second part of my question: Do you see any real forces in Ukraine, political or military, that are really capable of being clear-eyed about the current situation, reaching tradeoff solutions and, most importantly, that are able to reach and honour agreements?

Vladimir Putin: Is this question for me?

Vladimir Matveyev: It is for both presidents.

Vladimir Putin: I will start, then.

Alexander Lukashenko: You know better.

Vladimir Putin: As for the negotiating process, I have discussed it many times. I would like to emphasise it once again here in Minsk: Russia has never turned these negotiations down. Moreover, we started these talks in Belarus at some point and then moved them to Istanbul, Turkiye, at the request of the Ukrainian side. We reached certain agreements and drafted an agreement. Moreover, the head of the negotiating group from Ukraine initialed an extract from the potential agreement, meaning that the Ukrainian side was overall satisfied with it, as was the Russian side. Some of its provisions needed to be finalised, but, to reiterate, since Ukraine signed this document it was happy with what it said.

For reasons that are known quite well now, after the former British Prime Minister arrived in Kiev, the Ukrainian side tossed out these agreements and stopped acting on them. Moreover, they said the talks were over. They said so publicly, we were not the ones to terminate these talks. They did it and made it illegal for themselves to continue these talks. We did not forbid anyone to negotiate, since we are in favour of negotiations.

After that, at the direction and at the behest of their Western sponsors and masters, a new goal was set to inflict a strategic defeat of Russia and achieve victory over Russia on the battlefield. The discussions about the need to resume talks are back. Let them be back, but they should return not because one country wants then to return, but they must return on the basis of the principled agreements that had been reached during the difficult talks in Belarus and Turkiye, and on the basis of today’s realities on the ground. We are ready for this.

Who to negotiate with? This is certainly not an idle question, I agree. Of course, we realise that the current head of state is no longer legitimate. I think one of the goals of the conference to be held in Switzerland is precisely to have the Western community and sponsors of the Kiev regime confirm the legitimacy of the current head of state, or no longer the current head of state.

But these PR steps are irrelevant for legal documents. But if it comes to this, we will, of course, have to and I proceed from the premise that peace talks must be resumed and not via ultimatums but via common sense. They must rest on common sense. But if it comes to this, we, of course, must understand with whom we need and can deal with a view to signing legally binding documents. In this case, we must be absolutely sure that we are dealing with the legitimate authorities. This question must be answered in Ukraine itself, primarily, I think, by its parliament, the Constitutional Court or some other government authorities.

As far as I know, we must look at what is written in the Constitution of Ukraine, which government bodies have the right to be extended under the Constitution of Ukraine without elections and electoral procedures, and which cannot count on these rights. This may be done through a judicial analysis. These are questions for the Ukrainian political and legal systems.

Alexander Lukashenko: I absolutely agree with what Mr Putin has just said.

As for the expiration of Vladimir Zelensky’s powers, there is no legal clarity on this issue. Nor can there be any because as you understand they have deep democracy and everything has been stifled. I and we are often reproached or being dictators. Some others are also accused of this. Here is democracy in action: neither the Constitutional Court nor other courts can say anything. Therefore, the legal clarity that the President of Russia was talking about is ruled out in this situation.

As for war and peace – the main issues mentioned by Mr Putin as well – what importance do they have? In any case, I believe neither the current nor the future president will resolve these major questions that the state and the people of Ukraine are facing. You know who will resolve them: many have already been resolved overseas and they will resolve later what is still outstanding. The President of Russia has just presented evidence of this. When someone unknown came and ordered, the agreements were crossed out. It was hard to reach them but they were put on paper and initialed. So, this was the result. I myself thoroughly analysed these problems about Vladimir Zelensky’s authority but now I understood that all this is pointless.

As for the real force in Ukraine, you know Ukraine well – its society before the special military operation and now. There are more forces there now and everyone thinks of himself as a hero – those whose position we support and those whom we do not support. Once again, I have to recall that they have democracy. There are enough people there both among the military and civilians willing to head the country and lead it to war or against war in a new way.

The situation evolves as it evolves. I think this year will determine much. We will wait and see; we are not in any rush, and less so is Russia. We have a common position; we are not hiding it and we will work together.

Sargon Hadaya: Good afternoon, Mr President.

Sargon Hadaya, Russia Today.

May I ask you, how, in your opinion, the death of the Iranian President can affect bilateral relations, cooperation in regional organisations and in the military area?

And let me touch on the second aspect. I can see a somewhat strange trend regarding all the leaders who disagree with the collective West. The Prime Minister of Georgia has recently said that one of the EU commissioners threatened him with the fate of the Slovakian Prime Minister if the Foreign Agents Law is passed. What do you think about this? Is this a new world order or a new policy of the collective West? Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: I cannot comment on what some EU commissioner said. There are many commissioners and they are constantly being changed and talking rubbish, you know. If it is as you have said, it just cannot be called anything but political rubbish. It is simply outrageous. That’s that.

Unfortunately, the irresponsibility of mid-level officials, especially in this area, is growing. We are often facing it ourselves. This is only regrettable.

I cannot comment on anything in this respect, but as for Iran’s foreign policy, these are the country’s sovereign decisions. Iran is a major regional power that plays a noticeable role in the world affairs; however, we are unlikely to face any changes in the policy of the Iranian leadership after that tragedy, meaning that the fundamentals of the Iranian statehood are steady, solid and reliable enough.

We have established very good relations with Iran as a state, with the Iranian people, and with the Iranian leadership. In this regard, I personally cannot see any possibility of serious changes, whatever they may be; but, of course, I expect the continuity of Iran’s policy regarding Russia and our cooperation on key international issues to be preserved.

Alexander Lukashenko: As for the death of our good friend, I met with Mr Raisi more than once and think the President of Russia will support me. He was a normal, kind person who conducted a sincere and honest dialogue with us and was concerned over the development of his own state and the protection of the interests of his people.

What was it, what happened – there is much talk about this now. I think Iran is a country that will find out what happened there. But as a man, not as a president, I will say – this is a result of an atrocious and disgusting US position. I am primarily referring to sanctions. These scoundrels had no right to impose sanctions against aircraft, jets, helicopters and other vehicles that carry people. As I remember, they have introduced sanctions against aircraft in Russia, against us, against my jet. They will not get to President Putin – he has a Russian-built jet, but they have imposed sanctions here.

Is it normal? People are traveling. You have sold this helicopter after all. It does not matter whether it is 40 or 50 years old. Maybe it made only three flights in 50 years and would have been okay if it were serviced properly. But they banned their companies from servicing it. They are in part to blame for this. They are all believers, and if they are – they will ultimately face a response. This is not the way to behave in the world.

This shows once again the efforts that Russia and other countries that support it are taking for the unipolar world to fall apart. A multipolar world will emerge. These insane people are only bringing it close by their actions. Who likes this?

They didn’t like something and stole money, in this case from Russia, and not only from it. They didn’t like something and arrested a vessel, seized a tanker and took the goods. They think they can do anything because they are strong. I am not a mystic, but what I am saying is if they are believers they will ultimately answer for all these doings and answer in full. They will not hide across the ocean.

They are to blame for this if nothing had affected the helicopter – probably nothing affected it and they will be taken to task. They prohibited the servicing of this helicopter – this is for sure. I know this from my own experience.

Vladimir Putin: Incidentally, I think their attendants flew in two Russian helicopters, right? These Russian-built helicopters were flying without any extreme conditions.

Alexander Lukashenko: In the same conditions.

Vladimir Putin: They were flying in the same conditions and actually in the same corridor without any problems.

Thank you.

Alexander Lukashenko: Thank you.

Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation

2023-10-20T22:28:20+04:00

The President spoke at the opening of the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.

Also attending the event as part of the Russian delegation were Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Chernyshenko, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office and Press Secretary of the President Dmitry Peskov, Presidential Aide Maxim Oreshkin, Presidential Aide Yury Ushakov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to China Igor Morgulov, and Economic Development Minister Maxim Reshetnikov.

The Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation is being held in Beijing on October 17–18, ten years after the initiative was launched.

* * *

The President’s address at the opening ceremony

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: President Xi, my dear friend,

Ladies and gentlemen,

First of all, I would like to express gratitude to President of China Xi Jinping for inviting me to the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation.

The forum is being held on the 10th anniversary of the initiative Mr Xi advanced, a truly important and global idea that is spearheaded into the future, towards creating a fairer multipolar world and system of relations. It is a global plan, without a doubt.

I agree with the President of China that the Belt and Road idea ties in logically with multilateral efforts to promote creative and constructive interaction throughout the international community.

We pointed out on numerous occasions that Russia and China, just as the majority of other countries, share the striving for equal and mutually beneficial cooperation towards universal, sustainable and lasting economic progress and social welfare based on respect for the civilisational diversity and the right of every state to its own development model.

The Belt and Road initiative is based on these fundamental principles and fits in very well with the integration processes that are ongoing in many regions. It also corresponds to the Russian ideas of creating an integration contour that will ensure the freedom of trade, investment and employment and will be complemented with interconnected infrastructure.

It also rhymes with our idea of creating a greater Eurasian partnership as an area of cooperation and interaction among like-minded nations and the alignment of various integration processes, such as the Belt and Road Initiative, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), which Russia is successfully developing with its post-Soviet partners.

It is notable that Russia and China have reached a practical agreement on a concurrent and coordinated development of the EAEU and the Belt and Road Initiative and a non-preferential agreement on trade and economic cooperation between EAEU member states and the People’s Republic of China. A joint commission has been established to align our efforts to implement this agreement. In February 2023, we adopted an expanded roadmap, which provides, in part, for the development of relations between the EAEU and China in trade policy and the digitisation of transport corridors.

I would like to note that the integration agenda in the broadest possible sense of the word is an integral part of Russia’s national development strategy, the strengthening of our economic, technological and financial sovereignty, as well as the modernisation and expansion of infrastructure.

The President of China spoke in his address about this form of development in various parts of the world. Colleagues, friends, I would like to tell you about what we are doing in this area in the Russian Federation. I hope and believe that this is important for very many participants in this forum, because Russia is the largest country in the world in terms of territory, and so the connectivity of all the partners across Russia is of great importance to our partners and friends.

I will mention some of our forward-looking plans we are already implementing, which harmoniously complement other infrastructure projects in Eurasia, including those that are being implemented within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative. Taken together, they will allow us to create an integral transport and logistics network and to diversify freight traffic through more effective, reliable and safe transportation.

For example, we are building the North-South international corridor in European Russia, which President Xi has mentioned. It will connect Russian ports on the Baltic and Arctic seas to ports in the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean. Seamless rail connectivity, as professionals say, will be ensured throughout this route, from Murmansk in the north of Russia to Bandar Abbas in Iran.

Another north-south transport artery will run via the Urals region and Siberia. Its main elements are the modernisation of the central part of the Trans-Siberian Railway, including the West-Siberian Railway line running across several regions of Siberia, namely the Omsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo and Tomsk regions and the Altai Territory. The other elements are the construction of the Northern Latitudinal Railway, as we call it, towards the ports on the Arctic Ocean and the Yamal Peninsula in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, and a new North Siberian Railway from the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area towards our largest railway network comprising the Trans-Siberian Railway and Baikal-Amur Mainline.

At the same time, we are working jointly with our foreign partners to build railway lines from Central Siberia towards the south of the country, towards China, Mongolia and the ports of the Indian and Pacific oceans.

Lastly, we are planning to build one more Arctic-South corridor in the Far East; we are currently preparing the necessary elements. It includes a railway line running from the Baikal-Amur Mainline to Yakutia, across the large Siberian rivers Lena and Amur , the Pacific Railway Line, the modernisation of motorways, and the creation of deepwater terminals in the eastern part of the Northern Sea Route.

These north-south transport corridors in European Russia, Siberia and the Far East will allow us to directly connect the Northern Sea Route and to integrate it into major logistics hubs in the south of our continent on the Indian and Pacific oceans.

As for the Northern Sea Route, Russia offered its partners the opportunity to actively use its transit potential. More than that, we are inviting all interested countries to get directly involved in its development, and we are ready to provide reliable icebreaker escort, communications and supplies. As soon as next year, navigation for ice-class vessels along the entire length of the Northern Sea Route will become possible all year round.

The creation of the international and regional logistics and trade routes I have mentioned objectively reflects the deep changes that are ongoing in the global economy and the new role the Asia-Pacific and Global South countries and other centres of growth and development are playing now.

In this context, Russia, which will assume the rotating chairmanship of the expanded BRICS next year, has advanced the initiative of establishing a permanent transport logistics commission within the framework of this group. This commission of BRICS members, partner countries and other interested states could focus on the development of the entire complex of international transport corridors.

I would like to add that these issues are on the agenda of the Transport Week, which is held in Moscow every year. Friends, we invite professionals from your countries to take part in the next such event, which will be held in the Russian capital in mid-November.

In conclusion, I would like to express confidence that the Belt and Road Initiative, the Russian priorities I have presented and the constructive and ambitious proposals by other countries, including those that are attending this forum, will help us find collective and truly effective solutions to really important current regional and international issues.

Colleagues, friends, when a major project is launched, everybody hopes that it will succeed. However, to be honest, it is difficult to expect that all its elements will be successful, considering the global scale of the initiative advanced by the President of the People’s Republic of China 10 years ago. Our Chinese friends are working successfully. We are happy for them, because this also concerns many of us. The President of China has just now presented a large programme of constructive actions aimed at achieving a common result.

I would like to wish success to the People’s Republic of China and the President of China in the implementation of these plans, and to all of us in the implementation of our projects. I wish all the best to all of you.

Thank you.

News conference following Russian-Belarusian talks

2023-01-24T11:33:38+04:00

Vladimir Putin and President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko held a joint news conference following Russian-Belarusian talks.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr President, ladies and gentlemen,

To begin with, I would like to thank the President of Belarus for the invitation to visit Minsk and for the traditionally warm reception accorded to the Russian delegation.

As President Lukashenko rightly noted, our talks were very practical – we noted this today during our talks both in the expanded format and just now face to face – they were really very useful and timely. It seems like we meet often enough, and yet it proved very useful to sum up the results of the joint work done by our governments and various ministries and departments during the year. It was useful not only for reviewing what has been done but also for planning our next steps.

As I mentioned, we first talked in the expanded format, with the government leaders, key ministers and other representatives supervising specific areas of our bilateral ties, and then continued our talks face-to-face. We also agreed to discuss certain issues over a working dinner.

We reviewed the main issues of Russian-Belarusian relations in a business-like and constructive manner, including the economy, the cultural and humanitarian sphere, security and defence.

Of course, we discussed these with due account of the situation that is taking shape in the world as a whole and in our region in particular. I would like to emphasise that our countries are the closest allies and strategic partners, and that we continue to develop cooperation on the principles of mutual respect and with consideration for each other’s interests.

We are united by a common history, moral values, and deep family and kindred ties between many Russians and Belarusians. Russia and Belarus are building the Union State together and are consistently deepening economic integration which is aimed at ensuring sustainable economic growth and improving the living standards of our people.

Together, we are countering the sanctions pressure by unfriendly states and attempts to isolate Russia and Belarus from global markets. We are also coordinating our steps to minimise the impact of the unlawful restrictions on our economies. I can say that we are doing this confidently and efficiently.

I would like to state with satisfaction the successful implementation of the 28 sectoral integration programmes that were drafted in the context of implementing the Union State Treaty. As of today, we have carried out some 600 of the almost 1,000 integration projects scheduled for implementation until 2023.

It is a very good forward movement, a good tempo.

In particular, we have implemented a programme to harmonise our currency control and regulation systems, signed an agreement on a common monetary policy, adopted a uniform accounting and financial reporting system, and launched a common system of product traceability and the Interstate Customs Services Coordination Centre. Our next task is to create an integrated system for administering indirect taxes and a supranational tax committee.

Our mutual trade is growing fast. Over the first 10 months of this year, it has increased by 10.1 percent. This is a good result, considering the solid base we have created. As I noted at the expanded part of the talks, our trade grew to US$38.5 billion or by one third last year, and by 10 percent in the first 10 months of this year. We hope that this year our trade will reach a record high exceeding US$40 billion.

Russia is the largest investor in the Belarusian economy with over US$4 billion in investment. About 2,500 companies with Russian capital are operating on the Belarusian market.

We are implementing large-scale bilateral projects in industry, high-tech sectors and innovations in many key areas.

Overall, Russian and Belarusian enterprises maintain close cooperation ties and have contracts for mutual deliveries of components and finished goods.

Russia has allocated an additional 105 billion rubles to our Belarusian partners for financing future-oriented joint import substitution projects in mechanical engineering, machine tool engineering and electronics.

I would like to point out that these are mutually beneficial projects, which are necessary not only for Belarus and not only because it needs this funding. Russia also needs these projects to saturate our market, especially after some foreign companies have left it.

I would also like to note that Russia supplies Belarus with oil and gas on very good, preferential terms, which is proof of the privileged nature of our partnership and a major measure of support for the Belarusian economy.

We discussed the parameters of energy prices. I believe – we have been discussing this with President Lukashenko during our one-on-one conversations – we can assume that we have coordinated all the main parameters, including those that are sensitive in terms of pricing in the energy sector.

In addition, we have been systematically expanding our cooperation under civilian nuclear projects. Next year, we plan to complete the construction of the second unit for the Belarusian nuclear power plant. Its first unit has generated some 10 billion kWh of energy over the past two years.

Our countries closely cooperate in many other knowledge-intensive industries such as space exploration, including joint development of satellites. As agreed, a Belarusian cosmonaut’s flight to the orbital station is scheduled for next year.

If I understand correctly, Mr Lukashenko has accepted my invitation to visit the Cosmonaut Training Centre in Russia shortly before the CIS informal summit in St Petersburg.

Of course, Russian and Belarusian regions make a substantial contribution to developing cooperation across the areas mentioned. They have established direct links between local government bodies, business circles, public activists, cultural, educational and academic communities.

I would like to take this opportunity to invite our Belarusian friends to the tenth Forum of Russian and Belarusian Regions that will be held in Ufa next summer.

Naturally, during the talks today, we extensively discussed building our common defence space and ensuring the security of the Union State, as well as cooperation within the Collective Security Treaty Organisation in view of the fact that Belarus is taking over the CSTO chairmanship on January 1.

I would like to remind you that, as part of the consistent implementation of the Russia-Belarus military doctrine, we work on joint military planning and have an operational Russia-Belarus regional force grouping. Our countries’ divisions and military units currently undergo coordination training in Belarus. We have created a joint air defence system that is already on combat duty. We have agreed to continue taking all necessary measures to ensure the security of our countries, prioritising training of the troops, improving their combat readiness and continuing the practice of regular joint exercise and other operational and combat training events, mutual supplies of essential weapons and producing new military equipment together.

I believe it is also possible to continue implementing President Lukashenko’s proposal on training the Belarusian Army combat aircraft crews that have been re-equipped for potential use of air-launched ammunition with special warheads. I want to stress that this form of cooperation is not our invention. For example, the United States have conducted similar activities with their NATO allies for decades. These coordinated measures are extremely important in view of the tensions at the external borders of the Union State.

Finally, I would like to thank, once again, the President of Belarus for the constructive talks that will surely benefit further development of the Russia-Belarus alliance in all areas.

Our work does not end here. As I said, President Lukashenko also invited me to a working dinner where we will also have things to discuss.

Thank you.

President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko: Mr President,

Ladies and gentlemen,

Today we have held constructive and fruitful talks with the President of the Russian Federation on the main issues of Belarusian-Russian cooperation, just as we have always done. But we were not the only ones, our state delegations included the most ”high-ranking“ officials.

We placed the emphasis on strategic areas, above all, in the economy. As usual, much attention was paid to the foreign policy agenda. Russian Federation Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov spoke about the negotiations at the Belarusian Foreign Ministry and the strategic agreements that had been reached.

Over the entire 30-year post-Soviet history, the outgoing year was indeed a record-breaking in terms of the number and intensity of contacts at all levels. But this is objective: the situation in the world is changing rapidly, and these changes are, without exaggeration, truly momentous in terms of their depth and scale. In fact, the future of the Belarusian and Russian peoples is being determined. The reality is such, and there is no pathos here at all.

Today we can clearly state: together we have not only managed to stand our ground, but also to find opportunities for the development of our economies, although it was to everyone’s surprise and above all unexpected for those who have been creating difficulties for us.

The day before, at a meeting of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council in Bishkek, we had already noted that the West's primitive mass production of economic sanctions against our countries was beginning to fade.

Importantly, it is now obvious to all that such restrictions have had a painful boomerang effect on the initiators. And it is not at all the figures that came up with the sanctions who are suffering, but ordinary people and businesses. This is the guilt of those who first unleashed an economic war against our countries and then a proxy war with Russia at the hands of the Ukrainians, as is now clear, ”to the last Ukrainian.“

Nevertheless, the year 2022 gives grounds to assert with cautious optimism that we are coping – and quite well – with the economic challenges. To our own surprise, we are unlocking our enormous potential, which at other times we simply couldn't see or didn't believe in. But we must be faster in taking and implementing decisions, time is now more important than money – that is the essence of our negotiations today.

The President of Russia and I discussed the implementation of the common economic development plan that comprises 28 Union programmes. So far, we have accomplished about 60 percent of all objectives, stipulated by these programmes. We have signed a number of basic customs and taxation documents, as the President said. We need to exploit our success.

Programmes aimed at creating consolidated energy markets have key significance. We have instructed the governments to finalise these programmes accordingly.

Regarding the formulation of a joint industrial and agrarian policy, we agreed to strengthen our co-production arrangements. We will not create any unnecessary duplication of production facilities, even if either country has them, and we will focus on the industry.

We discussed measures to harmonise transport market regulation. I believe that we will soon resolve all issues in this area.

These issues will facilitate equal opportunities for the operation of economic entities and will make it possible to sell goods under state procurement contracts. We have decided to expedite our work in all these spheres. We need to move faster because time is short.

Obviously, we need to focus our joint efforts on transforming the economies of Belarus and Russia. We need to make them more science-intensive, more high-tech and more innovative. It is also necessary to digitalise them and to enhance our technological sovereignty.

Mr President, I would like to draw the attention of our colleagues to something I have already told you about many times at our meetings. You know the subject, but, nevertheless, Belarus is a very small state, compared to Russia. We often talk about the engineering sector, industry, agriculture, science, new technologies and the rest. Some of our colleagues from Russia, especially those from far-away regions, looked at the map and wondered where all this came from. This is not our merit alone. Our merit is that we retained these Soviet-era production facilities. Belarus, to a degree like Ukraine, and western Russia ranked among advanced industrial territories featuring the state-of-the-art technologies and scientific achievements of that period. We retained all this, and we managed to develop these sectors under extremely adverse conditions. We can consume about 60 percent of what we produce, and we export all the rest.

With the withdrawal of our Western partners, it turned out that Russia, with its vast expanses, needs us. This is something we created together quite recently. Therefore, we can also be useful, and if Russia needs us, and it has discovered that the Russian market does need us, we will go there to replace those who have left. Just give us a little more time, and we will replace them by working with the Russians – researchers and engineers – we will create prototypes the world has never seen before.

These are not baseless or unrealistic ambitions. We have already achieved a lot.

I have already said that our GDP has not fallen by 20 or 25 percent, as some had predicted. Russia’s GDP will in fact decline by two to three percent, and that is it.

Vladimir Putin: 2.9 percent.

Alexander Lukashenko: Russia will see a 2.9 percent decline, while they predicted a drop over 20 percent.

GDP is expected to decline just over 3 percent in Belarus. Therefore, we have not crumbled, and will not crumble in the future.

These are all strategic sectors and matters of this kind cannot be resolved today or tomorrow. They need more time.

Considering the current situation along our borders, as the President has already said, we discussed certain important aspects of our cooperation in the area of military security.

I would like to thank you, Mr President, for the fact that we have been able to find common ground and mutual support on all the topics, and we took the decision we had to take.

A special thank you, and not just on my behalf or on the part of the military, for fulfilling your promise. Today, an S-400 complex you transferred to Belarus was put on combat duty. Even more importantly, we received an Iskander complex you promised us six months ago.

You have just raised a very sensitive issue, approaching it with great caution. However, you were right to note that we were not the ones who started it. I am talking about training our air force crews in handling special weapons and special warheads. I must tell you that we have prepared our aircraft. It turns out we have had these planes since the Soviet era. We tested them in the Russian Federation and are now working with the Russians to train our crews to pilot planes carrying special warheads. By doing so we are not threatening anyone. I have informed you on several occasions, including during our meetings in St Petersburg, Moscow and in Sochi, that we have major concerns regarding what you call tension along the borders of the Union State, primarily in the West. We felt the need to ensure the security of the Belarusian state. You have made a resolute and very important step to support Belarus. Once again, thank you very much.

I would also like to express y appreciation and thank you for the warm, in-depth, engaged and constructive conversation during our meeting with the participation of Belarusian and Russian government members.

Thank you for this very fruitful meeting.

Thank you for your attention.

Ilona Krasutskaya: Good afternoon.

Ilona Krasutskaya, Belarus 1 television channel. And I have a question for both heads of state.

Your meetings often take place amid the circulation of some kind of conspiracy theories – and you have actually had as many as ten meetings or so this year. What is the reason for such frequent personal meetings? And more, with all this talk about Belarus being “absorbed” by the Kremlin, why do you think these theories are so persistent?

Vladimir Putin: Russia is not interested in absorbing anyone; this just makes no sense.

Today we talked about – you know, this seems like a trivial and down-to-earth issue but at the same time it is very sensitive for the economy – about pricing and price regulation in the energy sector.

Today's meeting was very constructive and very substantive, and President Lukashenko was absolutely right about this. But some “absorptions” were mentioned there as well. But this is not what matters at all. What matters is that pricing should be fair, as the President of Belarus has said.

You don't have to be a big expert to understand what the problem is. The problem is that we have different levels of subsidies and different approaches to subsidising specific market participants, the public utilities sector and households. The level is different, the approaches are different, and therefore it is important for us to go deeper in there and agree on some general principles. The same holds true for our efforts to align customs regulation and tax regulation. Unscrupulous critics from the outside either do not know what they are talking about, or they are doing this on purpose, misleading people who are not deeply familiar with the matter.

Absorption is not the issue; the issue is coordinating economic policies, as members of many other integration associations do. Anything else is just superficial nonsense or attempts, by our ill-wishers, to slow down our integration process. And they are doing this with the sole purpose of not letting effective and dangerous competitors enter global markets. That's all.

Alexander Lukashenko: Mr Putin, you are absolutely right. I would only like to inform you that our “fugitives” are mostly voicing these statements from abroad. About 2,000 of them fled abroad, and they have to earn money because no one provides them with free cash. So, they don’t even write these statements, they simply repeat other peoples’ narratives.

What should they discuss ahead of your visit to Belarus? They can talk about absorption. (Addressing Ilona Krasutskaya.) You should realise this, and you are asking the right question. Yes, they are now starting to chatter about this from abroad. However, it is the end result that counts. What results can we talk about? The President of Russia and I asked members of his delegation who arrived here about some pressing issues.

Regarding the energy sector, do we produce gas? No, we get natural gas form fraternal Russia. Do we produce 25 million tonnes of crude oil that we can refine? Can Belarus, which has two upgraded and state-of-the-art refineries, provide them with enough crude oil? No, it cannot. Whom did we ask for help? We asked the Russian Federation. We did not merely ask. All right, these amounts are not a problem. Profitable prices are also important. Moreover, petroleum sales have become a problem nowadays. One can discuss other similar issues. We have discussed all this, and we have adopted a decision on these issues.

We talked about transportation and freight traffic, including two-way and coastal traffic, etc. The President of Russia has instructed the Government to finalise these aspects and to adopt decisions beneficial for us as soon as possible. This involves 25,000 freight carriers. We should multiply this by a minimum figure – about 100,000 people together with their families. So, what absorption are they talking about?

The industrial policy, rather than oil and gas, proved to be the most serious and high-priority issue today. We should not create any unnecessary duplication of production facilities. We need to work on co-production arrangements, so that no one will ever push us around, just like they did in the past when investors arrived and later abandoned various projects. Isn’t it profitable for us? Russia can do without Belarus, but not the other way round. We have agreed here that we will act as equals.

The President of Russia and I have just made a very serious statement on defence and security. Let us be honest: can we defend our independence and sovereignty all alone without Russia? No, we cannot. Russia did not abandon us in time of need.

Today, they will claim that Putin has arrived in order to scare someone here. Following our statements, we can see that he has met us halfway, like a near and dear person who holds Belarus close to heart.

We discussed the nuclear power plant. Sergei Lavrov took the floor to say that we will work together on the foreign policy track. Working together means acting as equals, which has always been the case for us. For this reason, any talk of one party absorbing the other begs the question: what for? Russia has always been ready to meet us halfway. There is not a single unresolved issue between us. We have also been there for Russia in an hour of need.

You know, the two of us are co-aggressors, the meanest, most toxic people on this planet. The only issue we have between us is to determine who is bigger. President Putin tells me that I am, but I am beginning to think that he is. So we decided to stick together, as equals, and that’s it.

But if it occurs to anyone that they can drive us apart, drive a wedge between us, they won’t succeed. In 2020, it was not he [President of Russia] who attacked me. You saw how I came under attack from all sides. But it was not Russia. Russia offered us a helping hand, while blows kept coming from the other side. What did they want? They wanted to take our independence and sovereignty all at once.

For this reason, all I can say is that they will never succeed in driving us apart. This will only bring us closer together. In fact, our meeting today with the President and our colleagues can be described as laying the foundation for a leap forward. Make no mistake, we will achieve this breakthrough.

Vladimir Putin: There is a reason for having these frequent meetings. Look, as I have already said, last year trade grew 30 percent, which is an unprecedented increase. Now that some of our Western partners are leaving our market, this creates a window of opportunity for Belarus and its manufacturers. Belarusian goods are very popular on the Russian market, including agricultural products, furniture, industrial goods, farm machinery building and transport engineering. BelAZ trucks are very popular.

With these trade volumes, we must deal with many administrative issues at the high and top levels. This has become an ongoing effort for our governments, considering the gigantic volume. Much has been done, but we have yet to cross the t’s and dot the i’s. This requires our constant efforts.

The President of Belarus mentioned oil and gas. Indeed, Belarus does not have oil or gas, but it does have refineries. There was a time when we needed more petrochemicals for our market, including petrol. We received it from your plants. This means that it works both ways and has been quite effective.

Alexander Lukashenko: You have mentioned frequent meetings.

First, the situation required that we have frequent meetings as presidents to discuss various matters. Take security, for example. It is obvious that this topic remains on the agenda. There are also economic matters, with the entire world, well maybe not all the world, but its so-called golden billion, or the collective West, coming after us by delivering a powerful, high-tech blow. This compelled us to coordinate our actions in order to act the way we did. We have now summed up the results of the year, as the President has said. We did it.

Overall, someone may be jealous that the President of Russia and I have so many meetings. Maybe someone would like to see him even more often. He is open to holding these meetings, but you need to have a reason for meeting. These were his words, when he answered Zelensky. For this reason, stay calm. Everything will be fine. We don’t waste time. Still, we manage to find an hour or two to relax.

Ilona Krasutskaya: Thank you very much for answering in such a candid manner.

Elena Glushakova: Elena Glushakova, RIA Novosti.

President Putin, you said that you managed to reach an agreement on energy. Does it mean that you managed to agree on the gas prices and all issues are settled?

President Lukashenko, recently, you harshly criticised the slow progress in fulfilling the common gas market programme. Are these issues also settled? Is it clear to you how we will move forward?

And I can’t help but ask about last night and the final game of the FIFA World Cup. Did you watch it and which team did you root for? This question is for both presidents.

And President Putin, if France had won, is there a chance Macron would have got a call from you?

Alexander Lukashenko: Got what?

Elena Glushakova: A call from President Putin. Many people want to speak with the Russian President frequently.

Alexander Lukashenko: No, it is likely he [Emmanuel Macron] would have called President Putin to tell him happily that France had won, asking for congratulations. Just kidding.

Vladimir Putin: I maintain working relationships with many of my colleagues, including the President of France. We do maintain contact by telephone. As you know, since the beginning of the special military operation, he has visited Moscow several times.

As for the football match, I watched the second half from the moment when the score was tied at 2‒2. I did watch the extra time. Of course, afterwards I could not but call the President of Argentina to congratulate him. I know that Argentina is a football country, and this game is special for the Argentine people who love their team, including major players. I think they deserved the victory. This is first.

Second, as for the energy prices, I have already said and can only confirm that an agreement has been reached.

Alexander Lukashenko: Yes, we discussed this topic and adopted respective decisions. The governments will shortly formalise all these decisions, and I think then there will be a reason to talk.

We have set a favourable price. Russia is very helpful in this matter. There are new issues concerning gas supplies, but it is not yet time to mention them. I can only say that we are content with the outcome of the talks about a common gas market and gas pricing for the next three years, as the President has just told me one on one. The governments will speak more specifically about this.

As for football, you probably know – or maybe you don’t – that I always root for Brazil, and then for Argentina. Why? Because – unlike Russia and Belarus – football is their philosophy, or even more than that – it’s just sacred. Football is their world.

I really appreciate the Brazilians because everyone there plays football. I love sports, and even did it professionally for a while. As a child, and in my teenage years, I played football almost professionally, so I am quite familiar with the sport. So it’s Brazil, then Argentina. Because they deify football.

As for this match – I watched it beginning to end, starting from the warm-up. I was interested to see the players getting ready, especially the Argentines; they were the first to appear. I watched the whole match. You know, Argentina, I totally agree with the President, Argentina deserved that victory. They dominated the entire time – both the game and extra time.

But let's be honest: the Lord God was with France in this game. Because no one can level the score a few minutes before the end, in one and a half minutes, as the French forward did. This just does not happen.

But objectively, the Lord retreated – as a true creator. Seeing all this, He stepped back and gave victory in this dramatic match to you-know-who.

So it’s the way it should be. Once again, I agree with President Putin that Argentina, with the help of the Lord, finally pulled out the victory they deserved. You can't imagine anything better. This, as experts say, has never happened before. Even in Moscow, when the Croats played the French in the final, I think, and the French won easily. But here, this did not happen.

As for Mr Macron, you saw his body language both on the field and in the stands. But I will not contradict my elder brother; what he said was true.

Vladimir Putin: May I add something?

I would like to add – it seems to me that our Lord was also on the side of the fans. And we must thank both teams for a remarkable game. They gave us a real celebration of football, to all sports and football lovers in the world. Both teams played brilliantly.

Alexander Lukashenko: Absolutely right, it was so dramatic.

Vladimir Putin: I must say I am very grateful to them. Indeed, it was so dramatic until the very last second; both teams put up such a fight. And they were so good at it. But the strongest won indeed.

Russia-Belarus talks

2023-01-24T11:32:46+04:00

Russian-Belarusian talks in expanded format took place in Minsk. They were followed by a bilateral conversation between the leaders of Russia and Belarus.

* * *

Beginning of Russian-Belarusian talks

President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko: Mr Putin, friends,

Allow me to cordially welcome you, all of my Russian colleagues, to the hospitable Belarusian capital. By force of circumstances, you, as this group, did not come to see us for a long time, but our respective ministers meet often. You are always welcome guests for us.

The break in visits to Minsk did not prevent us from remaining in constant contact. Even our so-called Western partners were very worried about us getting together so often. We met regularly both in the Russian Federation and at international venues.

Our governments are working hard as well, and many meetings are held at the level of regions and companies which is seen in the steady growth of trade figures and resolution of many issues that previously hindered our cooperation.

The strengthening of Belarusian-Russian ties has become a natural response to the changing situation in the world, where our resilience is being constantly tested.

I believe that despite certain irregularities, we are still able to find effective answers to various challenges and threats. Landmark decisions about closer integration of our states once again show the world at large that pandemics, crises or sanctions can be overcome only if we stand united.

As Mr Putin and I often say, Russia and Belarus are open to dialogue with other countries, including European countries. I hope that they will soon heed the voice of reason, and we will begin a constructive discussion of security for all and the future international order.

Protecting democracy and progress with restrictions and military force used against our states no longer impresses even local voters who have felt in full measure the shortcomings of this policy. Hard times make us show political will and focus on results regarding all items on the bilateral visit’s agenda. This is our answer. Our success in this work will determine the spot our countries will have tomorrow in the new system of international coordinates.

We must avoid at all costs the mistakes that were made after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Providing solutions to sensitive economic issues that stand between people and prosperity and ultimately determine the people’s support for our public and political reforms is our unconditional priority.

Our joint steps made it possible to overcome potential problems caused by the sanctions pressure. Specialists from Belarus and Russia have done a good job drafting Union programmes, which the President of Russia and I approved some time ago. There are breakthroughs in almost all areas, but so far not everything has worked out the way we wanted it to, which is holding back our progress.

You are aware that our respective governments are telling us that they have exhausted negotiations with regard to a number of sensitive issues. They reported to us that the parties had formulated their positions, and today we will discuss these positions again during an expanded meeting. The governments believe that without you, Mr Putin, and me they will not be able to come to an agreement on certain issues. That is why we convened this meeting today. Well, let us once again have an in-depth discussion and make appropriate political decisions, if need be.

President Putin and I meet quite often. Truth be told, we have discussed all issues across the board, but defence and security were our priorities lately. We agreed sometime in the middle of the year that we would sit down and discuss our socioeconomic priorities in December. So, I propose focusing on strategic areas that can determine the near future of Belarus and Russia.

Taking issues off the table in the run-up to the New Year, which the people of our countries have always hoped would bring them a better life, has become a tradition. I am convinced that today’s decisions will not disappoint the Belarusians and the Russians and will help improve their well-being and reinforce their confidence as they look to the future.

Mr Putin, since our gathering is taking place almost on New Year's Eve, let me, on behalf of the Belarusian people – I think I, and not only I, but all your friends, heads of state that are close to you, will have an opportunity to send you personal greetings – wish you and the Russian people, a happy upcoming New Year.

Thank you. Please.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr Lukashenko, colleagues,

Thank you very much for the invitation.

Indeed, our goal is to review some of the results in a wide variety of areas. Recently, we have really paid much attention to the issues of security and international cooperation and in general, we should be content with the development of our relations on this track.

Today, we really wanted – and agreed on this with the President of Belarus – to sum up the results of the work done by our governments and different agencies and departments, first of all in the sphere of economy.

I would like to note – this is common knowledge, but I would still like to stress it – that Belarus is not only our good neighbour that we have been working with through all the previous decades with due account of each other’s interests, but Belarus is also definitely our ally in the most direct sense of the word.

This is why we have tried to resolve any issues, including economic, based on this information.

As for the economy, as President Lukashenko noted, this is our priority, and thus, we need to review the results today. If some issues are still considered outstanding, we must resolve them. In effect, we have come here to look for solutions together and achieve the desired goals.

I would like to note that last year, in 2021, we took a big step forward in developing our trade and economic ties. I would like to emphasise that our trade grew by one third last year to US$38.5 billion before any event related to the special military operation. This is a very good and important indicator.

However, in the ten months of this year, our trade increased by another 10 percent over last year, which is also very positive. If we had record trade last year, we have grounds to believe that we will set a new record this year. Our trade will probably reach US$40 billion.

We are actively working almost in all areas. In energy, as we noted with the President of Belarus, Russia continues to carry out the nuclear plant project, to its own detriment – we are building a nuclear power plant. The first unit is operational and is now replacing – maybe, the Energy Minister can prompt us as to how much?

Energy Minister Nikolai Shulginov: About five, over four…

Vladimir Putin: Yes, somewhere around 4.5 billion cubic metres of gas.

Alexander Lukashenko: Explain that “to Russia’s detriment” you mean that you could have been selling gas, otherwise people will make all kinds of assumptions.

Vladimir Putin: We could have sold more gas, but instead, the power plant is operational and generating energy equivalent to 4.5 billion cubic metres of gas, gas that Gazprom could have supplied to the Belarusian market.

We are ready to further develop this project and to build the next units. But what I think is most important is that we are ready to, and we are doing this – creating this industry there, to train people and develop science in this area. We already have tentative agreements on this. We are also ready to discuss them and to act, to move further in this direction.

We also have other interesting areas including cooperation and very important areas in the financial sphere, including within the EAEU. There are areas related to military-technical cooperation, and this is not limited to mutual supplies. I believe it is extremely important that this is our joint work, development and cooperation in this area, including development of high-tech production lines.

All this is in the focus of our attention. Today, we should review what the departments and the governments have done in general and what we need to do in the short-term.

This also applies to space – we have corresponding plans there.

<…>

News conference following the visit to Kyrgyzstan

2023-01-24T13:58:57+04:00

Concluding his working visit to Kyrgyzstan, the President answered journalists’ questions.

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Good afternoon.

Please, go ahead.

Maria Sidibe, RIA Novosti: The EAEU is finishing the year with excellent growth numbers across the board, and I wanted to know what you attribute this to, because the global economy is in a tight spot and more sanctions are being imposed. Where do these numbers come from?

What do you think about the outcome of today's meeting? Also, what will become of the EAEU as we go forward? What are your near- and medium-term forecasts?

Vladimir Putin: Regarding good results, they could have been better. We wanted them to be better. True, some said the Russian economy would fall by 20 percent. There is a decline, indeed, but only 2.9 percent. Without a doubt, this is a big difference, and we know that those who predicted this scenario for us were sorely mistaken, while we did not make a mistake.

We cannot say that we are doing fine either, however, because there is a recession. But our situation is indeed better than in many other countries in several ways. Inflation, as I mentioned, will be a little over 12 percent, around 12.2–12.3 percent for the year, whereas in Europe it will be anywhere from 17 to 20 percent, even above 20 percent. This is absolutely off the scale for the European economy. This is clearly the case, no one made these numbers up. The same applies to food and construction, and I mentioned earlier as well.

Regarding the EAEU in general, the situation is stable. One of the key benchmarks, unemployment, is lower than in many other countries. What is this result based on? Well, it is based on the foundations of our economies, including the Russian economy in no small measure, and on the economic stabilisation measures that we are taking in Russia and the EAEU as a whole.

Unlike some countries, we are not closing down anything. We are not breaching market economy principles. We are not imposing any restrictions on ourselves. On the contrary, we are doing our best to ensure the free flow of capital, goods and labour. This is important for us and for our EAEU partners. It has practical importance.

Speaking of macroeconomic indicators, the stability of the Russian currency, the ruble, has a beneficial effect on our partners’ economies and financial systems.

Say, we are talking about unemployment. It is lower here than during the pandemic: 4.7 percent before the pandemic and 3.9 percent now. But it is vital for our EAEU partners. It is no secret that hundreds of thousands if not millions of citizens from these countries, our friends and partners, work in Russia. This means their labour is in demand. This means they are sending money [home] to support their families in their countries, and this money is a substantial part of revenues of this or that country. This is the next part.

One more component is the energy market. I have already said that gas prices in Europe are skyrocketing. They are already …1,700 [dollars for a thousand cubic metres], right?

What is the current price, Alexei?

Gazprom CEO Alexei Miller: 1,500.

Vladimir Putin: No, no, it was 1,700 the day before yesterday.

The gas we sell to some countries is more than 10 times cheaper. Do you understand this? Not just ten times cheaper but more than 10 times cheaper. But this is a stabilising factor for the economies of our partners – they can forecast their development, support their households and manufacturing industries. They are all developing agriculture, in part, based on the chemical industry, based on fertilisers. All are developing fertilisers very fast. This is a very efficient industry.

We do not have any problems with basic products – we are exporters. We supply our partners with food as well and at quite affordable prices, wherever they need it.

This is how it all looks in a package. I would say that what also matters in the final result is the desire to work together and seek solutions, even where it took us years to reach them in the course of difficult talks, but this was the result. We are still figuring it out and coming to terms.

Therefore, all this taken together gives joint work a positive result. I really agree with this.

You have also asked me about our next steps, right?

Maria Sidibe: Yes. I asked what you think about the development of the organisation in the near future.

Vladimir Putin: Our next steps and development prospects. I think our prospects are very good, and our next steps are very specific.

The first thing we need to do, on which we agreed, and I think this is a very important agreement – we agreed to create a mechanism to support our cooperation activities in real production, in the industrial sector. I believe this is very important for enhancing our general technological self-sufficiency, our technological sovereignty. Incidentally, this is the result of our work today.

In the near future, the next couple of years or so, we must bring to life the earlier achieved agreements, such as to create a single gas market over the next two years, to identify the principles of its operation and to move on to building a common electricity market which is a critically important matter for us as well. It is hard work, and there are many questions related to coordinating our positions.

You know, we had a very good discussion about this, and many things became clear. It is not Russia's position to hold the line on prices, to raise prices, or not to send something to someone. No. It is a matter of price and, above all, a matter of coordinating economic policy.

Subsidising domestic prices is done at different levels, and different reasons are behind this approach, including socioeconomic and even political and historical reasons. In a given country, housing and utility prices are heavily subsidised, and these subsidies cannot be cancelled overnight due to a number of socio-political and even economic reasons. It takes time to get there. In another country, subsidies might be lower and prices are determined by the market.

Let's take transport tariffs. Look, tariffs are about the same anywhere you go in Russia. They may differ slightly, but we are trying to level them. Where would the cheapest gas be? A place that is the closest to the gas field with no transport expenses. Gas should be the cheapest in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. But Russia is a vast country, and we cannot make gas cheap in only the Yamalo-Nenets Area and insanely expensive in the Far Eastern Federal District or on our western borders.

In fact, we subsidise transport costs for the end consumer. But in order for us to be able to talk about a single gas market, we must come up with common subsidising principles. Everyone understands this. This takes time, teamwork in the area of taxation, in our efforts to coordinate the rules and amend tax codes, and in the functioning of the tax system itself based on the latest technology. There are no differences or misunderstandings as to how we are supposed to get these results. All we need to do is work hard over the next two years. I think we will be able to achieve good results in many of these areas.

The prospects for expanding the transport infrastructure and supply chains are excellent. Many countries are interested in the new, modern North-South and East-West corridors. Everyone, even the countries that are not members of our organisation, are willing – if we go ahead with some of the earlier announced projects – to join us in co-financing, because it is a highly lucrative project.

We have lots of important and exciting projects that are of interest to all EAEU members. If there is interest, I am sure the organisation will become stronger, and these projects will get implemented.

Aysel Gereikhanova, Rossiyskaya Gazeta: A question about Viktor Bout. For a long time, Russia sought his exchange, and it has finally happened. I would like to hear the details: who led the talks, will they continue? And do these meetings on the exchange indicate that there is a chance to establish a broader dialogue with the Americans, or is this just about the swap?

And one more question: will Sergei Naryshkin's contacts with the head of the CIA continue?

Vladimir Putin: So, as far as swaps are concerned, this subject is being handled by us, in this case, it was handled by the Federal Security Service, the FSB. The FSB was agreeing on and negotiating this initially and achieved the results you have just heard about. The contacts continue; in fact, they never stopped at the level of special services.

Are other swaps possible? Yes, anything is possible. This is the result of talking and searching for compromise. In this case, compromises were found. We will not refuse to continue this work in the future.

Can this be considered a precedent to a dialogue with the United States on other issues? This is a special question, a specific one, frankly. We did not have the goal to move from these talks to other ones. Of course, they create a certain atmosphere, it is true; but no other issues were discussed as part of these talks. This is the first thing.

Second, regarding contacts between the special services, the Foreign Intelligence Service and the CIA, from one side and the other. This was not our initiative but was initiated by the American side. President Biden suggested this, and we agreed, as you can see. We generally did not expect anything supernatural from the talks; they were held in a normal working mode. The partners agreed that these meetings would continue.

Please.

Pavel Zarubin, Rossiyskaya Gazeta: Good evening.

Back to oil and gas prices: the price cap on Russian oil introduced by the West is one of the most discussed global topics in the last few days.

There are already a lot of arguments about this, so I would like to ask such a specific question. How will we ultimately respond to this? Will this response be proportionate, symmetrical, asymmetrical? And what will happen to the Russian budget in the end? Will Russia have enough revenue?

Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: Do not worry about this. The point is this: the proposed cap is in line with today’s prices. In this sense, this policy does not affect us in any way; frankly, it does not matter much to us.

Yes, formally, oil prices are a little higher, but they are a little lower for our blend. Brent prices are higher, and Urals prices are slightly lower, plus we offer discounts to many of our partners. Everything comes down to that number. We will not lose anything under any circumstance.

But this is not the point. This concerns not only us, but all producers, because if anyone ever agrees to consumers setting prices, it will destroy the industry, because consumers will always want low prices. Even without that, the industry is underinvested and underfunded, and if we heed what consumers are telling us, then the investment will come to nothing. At some point this will trigger a disastrous surge in prices and the global energy market will collapse. This is how it will end up. This proposal is stupid, ill-conceived and poorly evaluated. So, it is not about us, but about the overall situation in global energy and global energy markets. It [the proposal] is bad for global energy markets. Again, we are already selling at about these prices, so do not worry about the budget.

To reiterate, it would be a stupid thing to do for everyone, including consumers, to follow some kind of non-market, harmful decision. Consumers need to realise that if they insist on prices they like, even if they have these prices, prices will then plummet, investment will be reduced to zero, and ultimately the prices will skyrocket and this will backfire on those who are imposing these kinds of solutions.

With regard to our response, I said earlier that we will simply not sell energy resources to countries that adopt such policies. We will even think about – I am not saying we have decided on this – but we will think, if necessary, about a production cut. We have an agreement with OPEC Plus on a production target. We will give it further thought, if needed. I am talking about Russia now. Again, we are thinking about this, but no decisions have been made yet. Specific steps will be outlined in a Presidential Executive Order that will be issued soon.

Yes, please.

Konstantin Panyushkin, Channel One: Good afternoon.

A question about the special military operation.

What do you think about the status of the SMO?

Talking with human rights activists on Wednesday, you said, this is a quote: “This will be a lengthy process.” If possible, can you explain what you had in mind?

And another question from the same meeting. You said, and I quote: “If Russia does not use nuclear weapons first, it won’t use them second, either.” This caused an uproar. Please explain what you meant.

Vladimir Putin: As for the length of the SMO, I was referring to the time needed for the settlement process. The SMO is running its course and everything is stable – there are no questions or problems there now. As you can see, the Defence Ministry operates transparently. It reflects everything that is taking place in reality, on the ground, in its daily reports. This is how it stands, objectively, in this regard. I have nothing to add.

As for the settlement process in general – yes, it will probably be complicated and will take some time. But one way or another, the parties to this process will have to accept the realities that are taking shape on the ground. This is the first part of your question.

Now the second part. I understand that everyone is worried and has always been worried since the advent of nuclear arms, and weapons of mass destruction in general. People, all of humanity, have been concerned about what will happen to the planet and to us? But look what I had in mind, I will explain some things.

The United States has this theory of a preventive strike. This is the first point. Now the second point. They are developing a system for a disarming strike. What does that mean? It means striking at control centres with modern high-tech weapons to destroy the opponent’s ability to counterattack, and so on.

What are these modern weapons? These are cruise missiles that we did not have at one time – we did not have land-based cruise missiles. We removed them; we scrapped them. Meanwhile, the Americans were smarter at that time when they were holding talks with the Soviet Union. They scrapped land-based missiles but retained air- and sea-based missiles that were not covered by the treaty, and we became defenceless. But now we have them and they are more modern and even more efficient.

There were plans to deliver a preventive disarming strike with hypersonic weapons. The United States does not have these weapons, but we do. Regarding a disarming strike, perhaps we should think about using the achievements of our US partners and their ideas about how to ensure their own security. We are just thinking about this. No one was shy about discussing it out loud in the past. This is the first point.

The United States has a theory and even practice. They have the concept of a preventive strike in their strategy and other policy documents. We do not. Our Strategy talks about a retaliatory strike. There are no secrets whatsoever. What is a retaliatory strike? That is a response strike. It is when our early warning system, the missile attack warning system, detects missiles launched towards Russian Federation territory. First, it detects the launches, and then response actions begin.

We hold regular exercises of our nuclear forces. You can see them all, we are not hiding anything. We provide information under our agreements with all nuclear countries, including the United States. We inform our partners that we are conducting these exercises. Rest assured they do the exact same thing.

After the early warning system receives a signal indicating a missile attack, hundreds of our missiles are launched and they cannot be stopped. But it is still a retaliatory strike. What does that mean? It means that enemy missile warheads will fall on the territory of the Russian Federation. This cannot be avoided. They will fall anyway. True, nothing will remain of the enemy, because it is impossible to intercept hundreds of missiles. And this is, without a doubt, a potent deterrent.

But if a potential adversary believes it is possible to use the preventive strike theory, while we do not, this still makes us think about the threat that such ideas in the sphere of other countries’ defence pose to us.

That is all I have to say about that.

Yulia Bubnova, TASS: Good afternoon.

Angela Merkel said the other day that at the time the Minsk agreements were signed with the express purpose of giving Ukraine time to prepare and then to fight Russia.

Could you explain how we should understand this? Did we know that our partners were treating us in this way?

Thank you.

Vladimir Putin: Honestly, this was a complete surprise to me. This is disappointing.

Frankly speaking, I did not expect to hear this from the former Federal Chancellor because I always thought that the leaders of the Federal Republic of Germany were sincere with us. Of course, they were on Ukraine’s side and supported Ukraine, but I still thought they had always been sincerely striving for a settlement on the principles which we had agreed on and which were accepted, including in the Minsk agreements.

What you have just said only shows that we did everything right by starting the special military operation. Why? Because it transpired that nobody was going to fulfil these Minsk agreements. The Ukrainian leaders also mentioned this, in the words of former President Poroshenko, who said he signed the agreements but was not going to fulfil them.

But I was still hoping that other participants in this process were sincere with us. It appears they were deceiving us as well. The only purpose was to pump arms into Ukraine and get it ready for hostilities. We are seeing this, yes. Apparently, we got our bearings too late, frankly. Perhaps we should have started all this sooner, but we still simply hoped to come to terms under these Minsk peace agreements.

What can one say to this? Of course, the issue of trust is at stake. Trust as such is already close to zero, but after such statements, the issue of trust is coming to the fore. How can we negotiate anything? What can we agree upon? Is it possible to come to terms with anyone, and where are the guarantees? This is, of course, a problem.

But eventually we will have to come to terms all the same. I have already said many times that we are ready for these agreements, we are open. But, naturally, all this makes us wonder with whom we are dealing.

Ksenia Golovanova, Interfax: Mr President, did you have a chance to discuss, here in Bishkek, with the President of Kazakhstan and the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan the idea that President Tokayev recently expressed, citing you, regarding the creation of some kind of tripartite gas union.

It is a known fact that Tashkent has been receiving gas from Gazprom via Turkmenistan for a long time now. Why was the issue of Russian gas supplies brought up at this point, which gas pipeline system could be used for this, and do you think gas distribution from Russia to Uzbekistan could start soon?

Vladimir Putin: There are no secrets here.

We started with the first question. Your colleague asked this question and kind of indicated that, overall, the EAEU countries’ economies are in satisfactory condition, stable at least, and prospects are good. This is the way it really is. This means that these economies will grow. They are growing now and will continue to grow in the future. In turn, it means that energy consumption will increase. There are shortages already.

And energy-producing, gas-producing countries like Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are looking forward, and this is the right approach. They have excellent economic teams and stable political leadership. The presidents of both countries are looking forward and running the numbers to see how much they will need in the coming years. They are coming to the conclusion that they will need higher volumes and more resources, keeping in mind, among other things, their export obligations from previous years. They have export obligations to deal with.

All of that – their own higher consumption needs and their export obligations that they need to honour – have us sitting down again and comparing notes to see how it works out and if we can do more. Can we do it or not? Yes, we can. But there are many questions.

For example, northern Kazakhstan gets its gas from Orenburg. However, gas goes to Orenburg, to our gas processing plant, from Karachaganak, a gas field in Kazakhstan. It goes to Kazakhstan at domestic Russian prices. In order to pump gas to Uzbekistan, we need to use a gas transport system that was built back in the Soviet Union. It needs to be repaired since it is in a state of disrepair. There are two gas lines. One is not used at all, and the second is used to transport gas from Karachaganak to Orenburg. So, if this gas is to be sent to Uzbekistan, should it be forwarded directly or reversed and then sent? This is a big question.

This begs another question: in that case, we need to build a separate pipeline system via Kazakhstan to Uzbekistan and build internal infrastructure for additional distribution to Central Asia in Russia which will cost us around 260 billion rubles.

There are many issues that need to be looked into and mutually agreed upon, maybe we will even need to reach compromises. Compromises can definitely be struck. In this sense, it could be an energy alliance. But we also have obligations to the EAEU countries. Uzbekistan is still an observer state, but it is also a good opportunity for Uzbekistan to take a closer look at EAEU activities and find common ground with it.

There is not a single insurmountable obstacle here, but it requires systemic work at the expert level and financial evaluations, coordination, and participation of each country in these investments. Everyone is ready to go, by the way. Everyone wants to be part of this teamwork and some are even ready for joint investment. This is a positive, big, and very promising work with good prospects. We will work on it.

The work is underway. Our colleagues from Kazakhstan are coming to Moscow, I think. Our colleagues from Uzbekistan were in Moscow not long ago. Alexei Miller will go there, and this effort is underway at the level of deputy prime minister. Work is underway; it has a good foundation to build on, and I am sure the results will be good.

I saw someone raise their hand. Please, go ahead.

Edmund Zhelbunov, NTV: Thank you very much.

Mr President, a quick follow-up on the SMO. I could not help noticing the badge you are wearing today.

You recently said that there is definitely no need to resume the partial mobilisation at this point. To make it a little more specific, what factors could make you reconsider? Or, Russians definitely have nothing to worry about, even after the New Year celebrations?

Vladimir Putin: No, I do not see such factors today. Like I said, 300,000 men were called up as part of the mobilisation – let me say it again – 150,000 have been deployed with the force. Of those who are in the force, only half, or a little more, 77,000 are deployed with combat units. The other half are deployed with the second or third tier. Actually, they act as territorial troops, or engage in additional training. Another 150,000 are not even in the force yet. They are at the training grounds and training bases. What additional mobilisation? Half of all mobilised recruits can be considered a combat reserve. So, there is no reason to talk about an additional mobilisation. This is out of question as we speak.

Alexander Yunashev, Life: Will you let them go at some point? Is it necessary to replace them with someone else?

Vladimir Putin: You know, strange as it may seem, we also discussed this. We will have to see how it goes, how it develops. Perhaps it would make sense to replace some formations with others – in this case, they will still have the status of participants in hostilities. Some people may be still undergoing training say, in the Far East or Siberia, whereas others may be fighting in the zone of hostilities. These are different things. But it is necessary to look at all this. The Defence Ministry and the General Staff are thinking about this and will make a decision. At any rate, as for mobilisation, I think I have given an exhaustive answer to this question.

Let’s have another question, please.

Don Courter, Russia Today: Mr President, Josep Borrell said Africa supports Russia because of this – I quote: “You can consider that these people do not know where Donbass is or maybe they do not even know who Putin is.”

What is your response to this?

Vladimir Putin: Borrell is a big, major figure of our time, a political figure of our time, as Brezhnev was once described.

But people in Africa know what Russia is and where Russia is located. Africans know the role that Russia played in their liberation from colonialism. There is practically not a single African country that would not receive our support at one time – political, information, economic and sometimes military support. We have very stable, very kind and friendly relations with African nations and they continue.

If the people you were talking about knew where Africa is located and what state African nations are in, they would not have prevented the supplies of Russian food and Russian fertilisers from reaching the African continent. Eventually, the harvest in African countries and the saving of hundreds of thousands of people in Africa from starvation depend on these supplies.

Our fertilisers have not yet even left some seaports of European countries. Meanwhile, as I have said many times, we are ready to provide them to African countries free of charge. Partially this process got underway under pressure from the UN Secretary-General but the problem has not been resolved up to this day.

Let certain EU politicians stop chatting about their love of African nations and start giving direct support to them. Instead of buying up food on global markets using the money they are printing, instead of raising prices, fuelling inflation and putting African nations into a desperate situation, they should at least not get in Russia’s way and let it carry out this productive and intensive work that is needed by African nations and is designed to support the people who need it.

Let’s call it a day. Thank you very much.

Yes, Andrei, all right, go ahead. This will be the closing question.

Andrei Kolesnikov: Andrei Kolesnikov, Kommersant newspaper.

Vladimir Putin: Yes, I know.

Andrei Kolesnikov: Today Ilya Yashin got…

Vladimir Putin: Who is he?

Andrei Kolesnikov: A blogger.

Vladimir Putin: What did he get?

Andrei Kolesnikov: He got 8.5 years under the fake news article. Don’t you think that 8.5 years for fake stories is a brutal sentence?

Vladimir Putin: You know what they say: anyone can speculate.

I received my basic education at Leningrad State University, and I will tell you that I think it is absolutely unacceptable to interfere in the work of the courts. I do not think it is appropriate to question court decisions; there are certain statutory rights to protect citizens in the way that they would like to do it. It may be possible to appeal to a higher court. Mr Yashin's lawyers probably know what they have to do.

Vera Desyatova, Vesti FM and Mayak radio stations: Could I ask one more question?

Vladimir Putin: Go ahead.

Vera Desyatova: Thank you very much.

Recently, there have been some conflicting reports about the army's supplies. You said that the problems are being addressed or have been addressed, but the stream of messages from the fighters on the frontline has not stopped. Our military correspondents and volunteers receive requests. They ask not only for uniforms, but also for medicines, because consumables run out very quickly.

And the question is: who should we trust? The Defence Ministry's reports or the soldiers on the frontline?

Vladimir Putin: You cannot trust anyone. Only I can be trusted. (Laughter.)

We work with the Defence Ministry on a regular basis. I discuss these issues with them almost every day. I have to say that there were problems indeed, and, judging by what you are saying, they probably persist. Although I am assured that they are becoming fewer and are no longer as acute as they were at the beginning of this process, especially related to mobilisation.

But from what you have said, and I think you are right, the problems are far from being completely resolved. But it is just a matter of time. The most acute ones, I think, have already been resolved, but some time is needed, of course, to speed up the relevant production sectors. And the Ministry of Industry is now actively involved in this.

Vladimir Putin: Go ahead, but this will be the last one.

Pavel Zarubin: Early this week you drove along Crimean Bridge. The Crimean Bridge project is something special to you. What were your impressions this time?

Vladimir Putin: Not just to me – but the country in general.

Pavel Zarubin: To you, to the country and to all of us.

Vladimir Putin: I just wanted, first of all, to support the builders and thank them, because they did so much within a short timeframe, and their work is of good quality. Of course, I wanted to see if this was true or not, because it is one thing, what is written on the official reports, that the work has been finished, and quite another when people who are not involved in it, provide you with information. It is important to have this information.

The same goes in this case, I mean the bridge, as I wanted to see it with my own eyes, how everything was done in reality. And indeed, in terms of quality and technology, the project was done at a top technical and technological level.

I said earlier – I do not know if people could hear me because of the strong wind – that two lanes in one direction were in good condition, but the builders still insisted that some centimetres or even millimetres of those lanes be improved, so they are up to standard, 100 percent. They will be doing this part as a preventive measure, so to say, and they obtained approval from me. They will now close two lanes or have already closed them, I do not know, and will be improving them to bring them up to standards, so they are 100 percent perfect.

There is another bridge above, as we actually have three bridges there, the other is the railway bridge; one track is fully functional and there is no tonnage limit on freight traffic. But the other track was largely damaged by fire because the train was standing and a fuel tank car was punctured, the fire caused the damage so it needs to be put in order.

They promise to finish repairing the highway sections in March; first, they planned to finish it later, but I was told they had promised to finish all work by the end of March. As for the [damaged] track on the railway bridge, they promise to finish repairs by mid-summer. True, first, they said this would happen by late autumn, but then they committed to finish it by mid-summer. I believe it will be done sometime next summer. Their work is of good quality. I have no doubt that everything will be done on schedule.

Thank you very much. All the best to you.

Meeting of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council

2023-01-24T13:56:20+04:00

Vladimir Putin took part in a meeting of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council in Bishkek.

Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan, President of Belarus Alexander Lukashenko, President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, President of Kyrgyzstan Sadyr Japarov, and Chairman of the Eurasian Economic Commission Board Mikhail Myasnikovich also took part in the restricted attendance meeting.

The talks in an expanded format were joined by Prime Minister of Uzbekistan Abdulla Aripov as the head of the delegation of an EAEU observer state and Chairman of the Executive Committee – Executive Secretary of the Commonwealth of Independent States Sergei Lebedev.

Head of an EAEU observer state and President of the Republic of Cuba Miguel Diaz-Canel Bermudez addressed the participants via videoconference.

Following the meeting, a package of documents was signed. In particular, the participants adopted the Protocol on Amendments to the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union dated May 29, 2014, concerning the procedure for collecting indirect taxes for e-services, as well as a decision to start talks with the United Arab Emirates on concluding an agreement on free trade, and a decision on the main international activities of the EAEU for 2023. In addition, decisions were made to continue the creation of a single market of services within the EAEU.

The meeting participants also adopted an instruction “On the sources and mechanisms for financing industrial cooperation projects within the Eurasian Economic Union.”

The discussion was focused on the EAEU activities, prospects for the further deepening of integration processes, in particular improving the operation of the single market for goods and services.

The Kyrgyz Republic is presiding in the Eurasian Economic Union in 2022. Next year, the Russian Federation will take over the rotating EAEU chairmanship.

In addition, during the Russian President’s visit to Kyrgyzstan, Vladimir Putin and Sadyr Japarov adopted a Joint Statement on Cooperation on International Information Security.

* * *

Remarks at the expanded format meeting of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: First of all, I would like to join the words of gratitude addressed to the President of Kyrgyzstan and thank all our Kyrgyzstani friends for the work they have done during their EAEU chairmanship.

This year, our integration association has performed effectively and continued to grow steadily. In the context of volatile global markets and an unfavourable global political situation, the EAEU has taken timely and effective steps to not only stabilise the macroeconomic situation in our countries, but also to improve a number of important development indicators, stimulate growth in key economic sectors, and support the economic ties that have developed within the EAEU.

In particular, the unemployment rate for the first nine months of 2022 in the EAEU states decreased very noticeably – by 18 percent – and is slightly above one percent, 1.1 percent of the workforce. I would like my colleagues to note that the unemployment rate is one of the key indicators of the general state of the economy. By the way, unemployment in the European Union is 7 percent, that is, seven times higher.

Agricultural production rose 5.4 percent, which is a very noticeable and very good growth. This is all the more important – our colleagues have already mentioned this, Mr Lukashenko said this – amid the growing food crisis in the world, which is certainly unfortunate. Mr Pashinyan also pointed out that we have coordinated our indicative balances, that is, we have absolutely aligned all our needs. A 5.4 percent growth in the modern conditions is a very good indicator.

The amount of construction has grown by as much as 4.7 percent. This is also a very good indicator, considering that construction drives a lot of other industries. The total increase in investment in fixed assets reached 6.6 percent, which is also very good.

I must say that we keep other macroeconomic indicators, including inflation, within reasonable limits. Mr Tokayev said inflation is spiralling around the world, and this process is rocking the global economy. But we have been keeping inflation under control. For example, Russia will run a budget deficit of 2 percent this year; next year we are also projecting 2 percent, then 1.4 percent in 2024, and as low as 0.7 percent in 2025. I am certain that we will be able to achieve that.

As for inflation, it is also going to be acceptable this year, by the way – 12.2 percent. Next year we expect – by the end of the next quarter [in 2023] – to approach 5 percent, and maybe even lower. There is an obvious downward trend. This is important for each of our countries, because macroeconomic indicators in the Russian economy affect the economies of all our countries in one way or another.

We know that the eurozone countries are seeing the highest inflation rates of the past 30–40 years, all in the double digits, and some EU countries have reached sky-high values for the European economy: 20 percent or more.

By the way, regarding economic development as a whole, we were predicted to experience a 20 percent decline in the economy: the decline this year will be 2.9 percent. Next year, we expect 0.9 and will continue to move in the positive direction.

Uninterrupted trade in all vital goods in the EAEU has been ensured, by the way, including, as I have already said, food, and also energy. In this regard, of course, I cannot fail to note that the tariffs, the prices for energy sources in the EAEU countries are fundamentally different from the corresponding tariffs for our neighbours in the West. For example, the difference in gas prices in the countries of the EAEU and the European Union is tenfold or more: not in percentages, but ten or more times. This, of course, creates appropriate conditions for economic development in our zone.

This year, the EAEU has adopted a number of fundamental decisions aimed at removing the remaining customs and administrative barriers. I cannot but agree with Mr Lukashenko when he says that we need to work more effectively to remove these barriers; this is true. They interfere with free trade between our countries, and we must work harder on this.

Meanwhile, work has accelerated in the transition to national currencies in mutual settlements. Here, Mr Lukashenko is also right. The process of creating a common payment infrastructure and integrating national systems for the transmission of financial information has begun.

The five states are closely cooperating in the field of transport and logistics; the volume of mutual freight transport is growing, thanks largely to the additional arrangement and the increase in the capacity of border crossings between our countries. Although here, of course, there is still work to be done.

The EAEU is carrying out a number of integration infrastructure projects aimed at creating and effectively using the East-West and North-South international transport corridors. I also want to note that many countries are showing their interest and want to join these projects, including investing in this work together with us.

I would like to note that the member states of the Union continue to successfully develop mutually beneficial industrial cooperation. Today we are adopting a decision to establish a new specialised industry financing mechanism in the EAEU. This mechanism will make it possible to grant loans and subsidies to promising joint projects, including those related to setting up import substation-oriented production facilities.

Cooperation in energy is developing ever more actively. Following today’s meeting, a decision will be made to establish a council of heads of authorised bodies of the EAEU states in energy. At the restricted meeting today, we had an honest and constructive discussion, and I think that there is mutual understanding; we will definitely continue to implement all of our plans.

Russia, naturally, supports the creation of the coordinating structure that I just mentioned, which will professionally deal with the issues related to providing national economies with key energy sources and creating common energy markets in the Union on a long-term basis. We have relevant plans, and we will strive to implement them.

Colleagues,

As you already noted, Russia will assume the chairmanship the Eurasian Economic Union. Let me give you a broad summary of what we consider to be our future priorities.

First of all, we consider it necessary to update the strategic benchmarks of EAEU development. The current basic document, Development Areas of Economic Integration, covers the period until 2025, and it is important to begin drafting new strategic planning documents that chart the main goals for further integration and interaction in the medium and long term.

We believe that one such area should be strengthening the technological sovereignty of the EAEU member states and creating a common foundation for innovation in key sectors including industry and agriculture. We have already discussed that at the restricted format meeting, and I want to note what the President of Belarus said. Our cooperation is developing at a good pace; some positive results have been achieved in certain key areas of interaction as of late. I am sure that this success will be seen overall in the organisation.

It is also advisable to continue efforts to jointly introduce information technologies, including in electronic document flow, the automated exchange of transport and customs information between the agencies and carriers of the member states, as well in product labelling and traceability. These are the areas where digital solutions already have been helping to prevent the turnover of unsafe and substandard products on the Union’s market.

We also suggest that the Five should concentrate on building up investment cooperation, creating favourable conditions for mutual investment, simplifying relevant administrative procedures and enhancing guarantees for protecting the rights of investors. We believe that the simultaneous introduction of advanced tax control mechanisms for aligning tax regulations in the EAEU should be an integral element of this work.

Naturally, during our chairmanship, we intend to expand scientific, technical and educational contacts. We suggest our colleagues think about new ideas and initiatives to encourage the practice of inter-university cooperation and upgrade the practical training and academic exchange programmes. We consider it useful to involve more young specialists in the integration agenda via student tourism programmes, the promotion of common historical, social and ethical values, and support for joint youth projects in entrepreneurship, volunteering, culture and sports.

As all of you emphasised more than once, the Eurasian Economic Union and our integration work in general are attracting the attention of more and more international players, and many foreign states are interested in developing ties with our association. I will not repeat everything now but will just say that I fully agree with the proposals of our colleagues to expand this work, including with regional structures, such as the SCO and ASEAN.

Russia welcomes the invigoration of the EAEU’s international business ties and contacts. It will help further expand the range of preferential and non-preferential agreements with foreign partners.

In conclusion, I would like to express my confidence in that next year the EAEU member states will continue their constructive close cooperation, following the example of the Kyrgyz chairmanship.

We will be happy to see you at the next regular meeting of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council and at the Eurasian Economic Forum that we plan to hold on May 24–25, 2023. As we agreed in the restricted format, we will determine the venue of our joint work, our meeting in due course.

Leaving our current work aside, I would like to remind you that we are looking forward to seeing you at the agreed-upon informal meeting of CIS leaders in St Petersburg before the New Year holidays.

Thank you for your attention.

Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA) summit

2023-01-26T12:56:26+04:00

Vladimir Putin attended the 6th summit of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA). The meeting is taking place in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan.

Following the summit, the participants adopted Astana Statement on CICA Transformation and CICA Leaders’ Statement on Cooperation in the Field of Security of and in the Use of Information and Communication Technologies. The package of approved documents includes CICA Plan of Action on the Implementation of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, as well as the summit’s decisions in granting the status of a CICA member state to Kuwait, on CICA presidency issues in 2022–2024 and on holding regular meetings of the Council of Heads of State and Government and the Council of Ministers. The CICA Fund Regulations have also been approved.

* * *

Speech by the President of Russia at the 6^th CICA summit

President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Mr President [of Kazakhstan] Kassym-Jomart Tokayev,

Colleagues,

Over the past 30 years, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia has been discussing vital aspects of strengthening security and stability in the vast Asian region.

Today we have met against the backdrop of serious changes in global politics and economy. The world is becoming truly multipolar, and Asia, where new centres of power are growing, is playing a major, if not the key role in this.

Asian countries are drivers of global economic growth. Integration associations, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Eurasian Economic Union, are working dynamically and effectively here.

Russia is actively contributing to these processes. We are committed to the development and prosperity of Asia, to creating an open trade and investment cooperation space and broadening and deepening cooperation ties in various economic sectors towards this end.

I would like to remind you that Russia was a founding country of the CICA Business Council, which has held many successful conferences and seminars on the entire range of economic issues over the past years.

We are working hard together with other Asian counties to create a system of equal and indivisible security based on the universally recognised principles of international law and the UN Charter.

Our Conference and other regional associations are dealing with many pressing issues, notably the increased volatility of global prices of energy, food, fertilisers, raw materials and other essential goods, which is affecting the quality of life in industrialised and developing countries. Moreover, this is creating a real threat of hunger and large-scale social upheavals, especially in the poorest countries.

For its part, Russia is doing its best to supply crucial products to the countries that need them. We call for lifting the artificial and illegal obstacles, which are hindering the revitalisation of the normal operation of global supply chains, in order to be able to address pressing tasks in the field of food security.

Like many of our Asian partners, we believe that it is necessary to start a revision of the operating principles of the global financial system, which for decades allowed the self-proclaimed “golden billion,” which has been using capital and technology flows to its sole advantage, to largely live at others’ expense.

As a priority measure, we believe it is necessary to more actively use national currencies in mutual settlements. These measures would definitely help strengthen the financial sovereignty of our states, develop domestic capital markets and deepen regional economic integration.

It is extremely important to take further action, in cooperation with other regional forums and organisations, to resolve any crises and conflicts occurring in Asia, strengthen cooperation between our states on countering terrorism, expose and neutralise extremist groups, block their financial sources, fight drug trafficking and prevent the propaganda of radical ideas.

Unfortunately, Afghanistan remains one of the biggest security challenges for our region, as my colleagues have already said today.

After more than 20 years of US and NATO military presence and their failing policy, that country turned out to be unable to independently deal with the terrorist threat, as indicated by the endless series of violent terrorist attacks, including the blast outside the Russian Embassy in Kabul on September 5.

To normalise the situation in Afghanistan, naturally, we have to work together to help it with economic recovery. But first of all, we strongly insist on compensating for the damage caused to the Afghan people during the years of occupation and unblocking the unlawfully frozen Afghan funds.

In the context of a settlement in Afghanistan, it would be helpful to use the resources of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and its regional anti-terrorist body.

We also invite all Asian countries to engage in closer cooperation with the International Counter-Terrorist Data Bank, established at Russia's initiative.

I would like to point out that Russia and China have drafted a joint statement for this summit on cooperation in ICT security. We hope that the joint statement will be approved.

Finally, I would like to mention the importance of strengthening multilateral cooperation between the participating countries on social, cultural and humanitarian issues and in promoting the inter-civilisational dialogue and contacts between peoples.

In particular, volunteer movements are among those that require support. The acute stage of the Covid-19 pandemic that we have passed demonstrated the helpful role of volunteer and youth groups in supporting the population. Russia has accumulated extensive and useful experience in these matters and we are ready to share it with interested countries.

Overall, I would like to note with satisfaction that our joint work within this Conference on Mutual Interaction and Confidence Building is making progress. Russia will further develop multi-dimensional cooperation with all represented parties.

We support the initiatives of the Kazakh presidency.

Thank you.